海南岛近岸海域夏初浮游动物与环境因子的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张光星  陈石泉  陈丹丹  吴钟解  李元超  蔡泽富  王道儒 《海洋学报》2014,36(12):125-132

根据2011年夏初在海南岛近岸海域采集的浮游动物样本,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、优势种类、丰度、生态类群,生物多样性及均匀度,并对浮游动物与环境因子之间的关系进行了探讨。海南岛近岸海域共鉴定出终生性浮游动物164种,阶段性浮游幼体11个类群,其中以桡足类的种类最多,40属82种。优势种主要有棘皮动物幼体Echinodermata larva、鸟喙尖头溞Penilia avirostris、异体住囊虫Oikopleura dioica、长尾类幼体Macrura larva、肥胖软箭虫Ferosagitta enflata、羽长腹剑水蚤Oithona plumifera、小齿海樽Doliolum denticulatum、中型莹虾Lucifer intermedius、泡抱球虫Globigerina bulloides、微驼隆哲水蚤Acrocalanus gracilis等。海南岛近岸海域浮游动物丰度平均值为1 348.68ind/m3,东部海域浮游动物丰度最高,由近岸向远岸呈递减趋势,而北部湾海域和南部海域由近岸向远岸则呈先增后减的趋势。夏初由于受沿岸流和南海暖流的影响,海南岛近岸海域的生态类群以暖水沿岸种和广布暖水外海种为主。浮游动物多样性指数和均匀度平均值为3.03和0.72,东部海域的多样性指数和均匀度较低,主要原因是阶段性浮游幼体的偶然性暴发。相关性分析显示,海南岛近岸海域浮游动物丰度与pH值呈极显著负相关(p0.05,r=-0.360);与浮游植物丰度(PA)呈极显著正相关(p0.01,r=0.395);与盐度、DO、CODMn、NO3-N浓度、NH4-N浓度、PO4-P浓度成正相关,与温度、NO2-N浓度、SiO3-Si浓度呈负相关。  相似文献   

Feeding habits and ontogenetic diet shifts of Bombay duck,Harpadon nehereus     

张波  金显仕 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(3):542-548

Based on two bottom trawl surveys conducted in autumn 2000 and 2001, a total of 1106 stomach samples of Bombay duck Harpadon nehereus between 23–278 mm fork length were collected and analyzed. The results show that Bombay duck prey items consisted of 11 groups or 32 species, of which Apogon lineatus, Leptochela gracilis, Acetes chinensis, and Euphausia pacifi ca were the dominant prey species. Ontogenetic variations were found in feeding habits and feeding activity of Bombay duck. Feeding activity was highest in fi sh smaller than 50 mm, lowest in fi sh between 50 and 99 mm, and then increased with increasing size thereafter. As Bombay duck size increased, fi sh prey increased in importance, whereas euphausiids and decapods decreased in importance. Different trophic guilds were observed in feeding habits across the examined size range. Bombay duck smaller than 50 mm were zooplanktivores, mainly feeding on zooplankton and fi sh larva; those between 50 and 149 mm were generalist predators, mainly feeding on pelagic shrimps, demersal shrimps and fi shes; and those larger than 150 mm were piscivores, mainly feeding on fi shes.  相似文献   

Do physicochemical variables regulate the distribution of zooplankton communities in reservoirs dominated by filter-feeding carp?     

胡梦红  杨丽丽  刘其根 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):266-277

The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton communities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Xin＇anjiang Reservoir, Zhejiang, China, were investigated monthly, between 2009 and 2010. Silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys moBtrix） and bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） dominated the pelagic fish community of this large, deep reservoir. Cladocerans were distributed evenly throughout the reservoir. Rotifers were mainly found in the upper reaches, while copepods tended to assemble in the lower reaches. The Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression were used to identify the major physicochemical gradients influencing community variations. Zooplankton community distributions were influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. Excess nutrients, in particular silicon, stimulated rotifer growth. Based on these findings, it is possible to use rotifer density as a bioindicator of eutrophic status in deep reservoir ecosystems.  相似文献   

Seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton community structure in Erhai Lake,a plateau lake,with reference to phytoplankton and environmental factors   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨威  邓道贵  张赛  胡翠林 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1074-1082

The seasonal dynamics of a crustacean zooplankton community in Erhai Lake was investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. In total, 11 species were recorded, including six （6 genera） cladoceran and five （5 genera） copepod species. The crustacean zooplankton densities ranged from 24.3 to 155.4 ind./L. In winter and spring, the large-bodied cladoceran Daphnia galeata dominated the crustacean plankton community. In summer and autumn, when the colonial or filamentous algae dominated the phytoplankton communities, the small-bodied species （e.g. Bosminafatalis, Ceriodaphnia quadrangular, and Mesocyclops leuckarti） replaced the large-bodied ones. One-way ANOVA and redundancy analysis revealed that community structure was dependent upon total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water temperature, transparency, and the biomass of small algae. The variation in both phytoplankton structure and environmental variables were important factors in the seasonal succession of crustacean zooplankton structure in Erhai Lake.  相似文献   

Correlations between zooplankton assemblages and environmental factors in the downtown rivers of Shanghai,China     

禹娜  李二超  冯德祥  肖佰财  魏超群  张美玲  陈立侨 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1352-1363

Most urban rivers play an important role in urban flood control and drainage in China, but pollution is fast becoming an issue of greater importance in water management. In this study, 63 zooplankton species were recorded in four downtown rivers in Shanghai between November 2007 and October 2008. Of these, 44 species belonged to the Rotifera, 13 to Cladocera, and six to Copepoda. The three most frequently occurring zooplankton （Brachionus calyciflorus, Microcyclops Ieuckarti, and Asplanchna priodonta） accounted for 80.00%, 76.84%, and 53.68%, respectively. Rotifera were found to be dominant, comprising 86.26% of total zooplankton, while cladoceran and copepod abundance amounted to 5.08% and 8.67%, respectively. Water temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were of the greatest significance in the occurrence of zooplankton. Two species （Schmackeria forbesi and Lepadella ovalis） were notably more sensitive to environmental factors such as salinity and electrical conductivity than other species. The population size and community were inversely correlated with the increasing nutrient levels of the four rivers, suggesting that the water quality of the four rivers had been gradually recovering from a severe eutrophic state and that water conditions of the rivers had been gradually improved.  相似文献   

全球变暖对海洋浮游动物的影响     

张达娟  李少菁  郭东晖 《海洋通报(英文版)》2010,12(2):15-25

全球变暖作为一个重要的环境问题，自上世纪80年代初就已引起学者的广泛关注。它不仅对海洋生态环境及生物圈已产生了一定的影响。本文主要从浮游动物角度出发综述了全球变暖对其生理活动、生态分布及生物气候学的影响。运用不同温度条件下浮游动物生理学上的变化来说明全球变暖对浮游动物的生理影响；通过分析浮游动物生物多样性、生物量，丰度和生物地理分布等指标来阐述其对全球变暖的生态响应；通过讨论浮游动物的最高丰度时间和繁殖时间这2个重要物候学指标来说明其对全球变暖的响应。最后，提出了今后的研究方向，即调查更广泛的生物功能群、关注处于热带海洋中的浮游动物以及在浮游动物个体水平上开展研究工作。  相似文献   

东营近海枯水期浮游生物群落特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

宋秀凯  刘爱英  马元庆  孙国华  刘丽娟  刘义豪  秦华伟  郝日光 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

分析研究东营近海海域15个站位水质和浮游生物样品,结果表明东营近海枯水期海水为贫营养和中营养化水平。浮游植物群落主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,细胞丰度变化范围为16881~141795cell/m3,优势种以夜光藻、圆筛藻、刚毛根管藻和布氏双尾藻为主。浮游动物群落主要由原生动物、桡足类、甲壳类和多毛类幼体等组成,个体丰度变化范围为708~5488个/m3,优势种以夜光虫、强壮箭虫、太平洋纺锤水蚤和长尾类幼体为主。浮游植物和浮游动物多样性指数均小于3,生物群落处于亚健康状态。  相似文献   

福清湾及附近海域浮游动物的数量和分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

林君卓 《台湾海峡》2008,27(1):58-63

本文分析了2005年10月和2006年5月在福清湾及其附近海域采集的浮游动物样品,结果表明,福清湾已鉴定的浮游动物有64种,10类浮游幼体.分为4个生态类群,包括河口低盐类群,近岸暖温类群,近岸暖水类群和广布外海类群.浮游动物物种多样性指数春季高于秋季.春季浮游动物总个体数均值为(161ind/m3)高于秋季的(83ind/m3),春季生物量均值为(67.7mg/m3)低于秋季的(87.7mg/m3);浮游动物总个体数的平面分布,春季湾内西部水域最高,海坛海峡最少;秋季福清湾东部水域最高,湾内西部水域最少.浮游动物生物量和总个体数的平面分布趋势基本一致.另外还对浮游动物的分布与环境因子的关系进行了分析.  相似文献   

围隔实验研究台湾海峡2005年夏季小型浮游动物对硅藻水华的摄食   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曾祥波  黄邦钦 《海洋学报》2008,30(6):140-146

为了研究小型浮游动物对近岸浮游植物藻华的摄食调控作用,于2005年7月,应用"稀释法"并结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)光合色素分析技术,研究了台湾海峡船基围隔实验条件下浮游植物生长率及小型浮游动物摄食率的日变动。结果表明:由于营养盐添加的影响,迅速形成了以尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)为优势种的藻华,生物量(叶绿素a)从实验初始7月6日的1.45μg/dm3迅速增加到7月8日的29.80μg/dm3,随后消退。镜检和光合色素分析的结果显示,实验期间一直以此硅藻占绝对优势。浮游植物的生长率在藻华峰值(7月8日)前保持了较高的生长速率(>1.0/d)且大于小型浮游动物的摄食率;小型浮游动物的摄食率也逐渐增加,7月7日时达到0.86/d,显示有57%以上的浮游植物现存量被摄食。7月8日后,水华迅速消退,摄食率除13日外,均大于浮游植物的生长率。小型浮游动物主要由急游虫(Strombidium spp.)、侠盗虫(Strobilidium spp.)等无壳纤毛虫、异养甲藻-螺旋环沟藻(Gyrodinium spirale)及砂壳纤毛虫等组成,其对浮游植物的生长迅速作出了反应,各类群的丰度在水华峰值后的7月9日均几达最大值,水华后期(11日)大型的无壳纤毛虫达最大值。小型浮游动物的这种组成及变动特点是其保持较高摄食率及一定程度上控制和促进藻华消退的原因之一。  相似文献   

北京翠湖湿地浮游动物调查及水质评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张强 《湿地科学与管理》2013,(2):34-37

2012年4月至10月,在翠湖湿地选6个具有代表性的采样点,分别对湿地水体内浮游动物的种类及数量进行的调查显示,在翠湖湿地共有浮游动物4大类45种,其中以轮虫和原生动物种类最多,占浮游动物总数的82.2%。翠湖湿地浮游动物数量以6月最多,4月次之,8月和10月的种类数量相差不大。E/O指数等多种评价方法结果均显示翠湖湿地水体呈富营养化状态,6月翠湖湿地水体为超富营养类型。翠湖湿地外围取水渠的水质最差,其次为荷花塘和雁鸭湖,边境湖和天鹅湖的水质相对较好。  相似文献