Time-dependent tunnel deformations in homogeneous and heterogeneous weak rock formations     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

To investigate long-term, time-dependent tunnel deformations, this study employs a non-linear rheological model capable of considering the tertiary creep behaviour of the rock mass (Okubo and Fukui, 2006). A model parametric study is undertaken with a 3D numerical model encompassing a tunnel. The results show that the tunnel walls start to deform at an accelerating rate after a lapse of ten years. The results offer an explanation to previously reported tunnel instability cases. A 3D numerical model encompassing weak rock formation obliquely intersecting with the tunnel is then constructed. The analysis yields asymmetric wall deformation pattern, suggesting the need for optimizing rock supports.  相似文献   

Assessment of thermal evolution of Paleozoic successions of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Poland is considered the most prospective country for shale gas production in Europe. Hydrocarbon generation/expulsion scenarios, drawn in the latest intensive exploration phases, tend to overestimate maturation levels when compared with brand new data acquired after recent drillings. We tested an integrated workflow to correlate published and original thermal maturity datasets for the Paleozoic to Jurassic successions cropping out in the Holy Cross Mountains. These successions, when preserved in subsurface, host the major source rocks in the area. The application of the workflow allowed us to highlight the burial and thermal evolutionary scenarios of the two tectono-stratigraphic blocks of the Holy Cross Mountains (Łysogòry and Kielce blocks) and to propose this approach as a tool for reducing levels of uncertainty in thermal maturity assessment of Paleozoic successions worldwide. In particular, published datasets including colour alteration indexes of Paleozoic microfossils (conodont, acritarchs) and vitrinite and graptolite reflectance data, show differences in levels of thermal maturity for the Łysogòry (mid mature to overmature) and Kielce (immature to late mature) blocks. Original data, derived from optical analysis, pyrolysis, and Raman spectroscopy on kerogen, and X-Ray diffraction on fine-grained sediments, mostly confirm and integrate published data distribution. 1D thermal models, constrained by these data, show burial and exhumation events of different magnitude, during the Late Cretaceous, for the Łysogòry (maximum burial depths of 9 km) and Kielce (burial depths of 6 km) blocks that have been related to the Holy Cross Fault polyphase activity. In the end, Palynomorph Darkness Index and Raman spectroscopy on kerogen, for Llandoverian and Cambrian rocks, turned out to be promising tools for assessing thermal maturity of Paleozoic organic facies devoid of vitrinite macerals.  相似文献   

Probabilistic Durability Assessment of Concrete Structures in Marine Environments: Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

YU Bo  NING Chao-lie  LI Bing 《海洋工程》2017,31(1):63-73

A probabilistic framework for durability assessment of concrete structures in marine environments was proposed in terms of reliability and sensitivity analysis, which takes into account the uncertainties under the environmental, material, structural and executional conditions. A time-dependent probabilistic model of chloride ingress was established first to consider the variations in various governing parameters, such as the chloride concentration, chloride diffusion coefficient, and age factor. Then the Nataf transformation was adopted to transform the non-normal random variables from the original physical space into the independent standard Normal space. After that the durability limit state function and its gradient vector with respect to the original physical parameters were derived analytically, based on which the first-order reliability method was adopted to analyze the time-dependent reliability and parametric sensitivity of concrete structures in marine environments. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by comparing with the second-order reliability method and the Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the influences of environmental conditions, material properties, structural parameters and execution conditions on the time-dependent reliability of concrete structures in marine environments were also investigated. The proposed probabilistic framework can be implemented in the decision-making algorithm for the maintenance and repair of deteriorating concrete structures in marine environments.  相似文献   

Ince-Strutt Stability Charts for Ship Parametric Roll Resonance in Irregular Waves     

ZHANG Xiao  YANG He-zhen  XIAO Fei  XU Pei-ji 《海洋工程》2017,31(4):447-457

Ince-Strutt stability chart of ship parametric roll resonance in irregular waves is conducted and utilized for the exploration of the parametric roll resonance in irregular waves. Ship parametric roll resonance will lead to large amplitude roll motion and even wreck. Firstly, the equation describing the parametric roll resonance in irregular waves is derived according to Grim’s effective theory and the corresponding Ince-Strutt stability charts are obtained. Secondly, the differences of stability charts for the parametric roll resonance in irregular and regular waves are compared. Thirdly, wave phases and peak periods are taken into consideration to obtain a more realistic sea condition. The influence of random wave phases should be taken into consideration when the analyzed points are located near the instability boundary. Stability charts for different wave peak periods are various. Stability charts are helpful for the parameter determination in design stage to better adapt to sailing condition. Last, ship variables are analyzed according to stability charts by a statistical approach. The increase of the metacentric height will help improve ship stability.  相似文献   

Simplified methods to analyze geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil     

Wei Guo  Hailei Kou  Bo Zhou  Jian Chu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):339-345

A special case of geosynthetic tubes is the geosynthetic mattress characterized by its larger width-to-height ratio and higher lateral-force-resisting capacity. When the geosynthetic mattresses are adopted for dike or breakwater construction in coastal engineering projects, they are often laid on deformable foundation soil. The induced ground settlement will influence the cross-sections and tensile forces of the geosynthetic mattresses. Two analytical methods, called the Winkler foundation method and the e–log p method, are proposed in this paper to analyze the geosynthetic mattresses resting on deformable foundation soil. For the Winkler foundation method, the subgrade soil is assumed as a Winkler elastic foundation represented by the modulus of subgrade reaction, K_f. For the e–log p method, the 1D consolidation relationship (e–log p curve) is adopted to describe the behavior of the subgrade soil within which the distribution of vertical surcharge is calculated using Boussinesq equation. The numerical analyses using FLAC are also conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. The differences between the analytical and numerical solutions are also discussed. It is found from this paper that the proposed e–log p method is more suitable than the Winkler foundation method for the calculation of the geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil.  相似文献   

Effects of cross-correlated multiple spatially random soil properties on wave-induced oscillatory seabed response     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The evaluation of seabed response under wave loading is important for prediction of stability of foundations of offshore structures. In this study, a stochastic finite element model which integrates the Karhunen-Loève expansion random field simulation and finite element modeling of wave-induced seabed response is established. The wave-induced oscillatory response in a spatially random heterogeneous porous seabed considering cross-correlated multiple soil properties is investigated. The effects of multiple spatial random soil properties, correlation length and the trend function (the relation of the mean value versus depth) on oscillatory pore water pressure and momentary liquefaction are discussed. The stochastic analyses show that the uncertainty bounds of oscillatory pore water pressure are wider for the case with multiple spatially random soil properties compared with those with the single random soil property. The mean pore water pressure of the stochastic analysis is greater than the one obtained by the deterministic analysis. Therefore, the average momentary liquefaction zone in the stochastic analysis is shallower than the deterministic one. The median of momentary liquefaction depth generally decreases with the increase of vertical correlation length. When the slope of the trend function increases, the uncertainty of pore water pressure is greatly reduced at deeper depth of the seabed. Without considering the trend of soil properties, the wave-induced momentary liquefaction potential may be underestimated.  相似文献   

A hypothetical dusty plasma mechanism of Hessdalen lights     

G.S. Paiva  C.A. Taft 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(16):1200-1203

Hessdalen lights (HL) are unexplained light balls usually seen in the valley of Hessdalen, Norway. In this work, it is suggested that HL are formed by a cluster of macroscopic Coulomb crystals in a plasma produced by the ionization of air and dust by alpha particles during radon decay in the dusty atmosphere. Several physical properties (oscillation, geometric structure, and light spectrum) observed in HL phenomenon can be explained through the dust plasma model.  相似文献   

Characterization of low latitude GPS-TEC during very low solar activity phase     

Praveen Galav  N. Dashora  S. Sharma  R. Pandey 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(17):1309-1317

We present the mean diurnal, seasonal and annual variations in TEC during the lowest solar activity phase from low latitude Indian zone recorded at Udaipur (Geog. Lat. 24.6°N, Geog. Long.73.7°E, Geomag. Lat. 15.6°N) using a GPS receiver. Seasonal variations in daytime TEC show a semiannual periodicity, with a minimum in winter. Results of seasonal variations have been compared with that of the IRI-2007 model. Model calculations reveal significant seasonal as well as longitudinal differences in TEC. Seasonal variations in the nighttime TEC reveal an annual periodicity. Near the crest of the EIA, TEC shows a very good correlation with the solar flux. The results also point to weakening of the anomaly crest as well as its spatial and temporal contraction with declining solar activity.  相似文献   

纸浆渣烧结灰基本特性及其在污泥固化中的试验研究     

朱春鹏  吴海清  刘汉龙  张波 《岩土力学》2012,33(10):2979-2984

国内每年产生大量的污泥,其无害化处理、废物重新利用的技术是解决疏浚污泥污染问题的必由之路,而污泥固化技术是其重要的途径。纸浆渣烧结灰自身所具有的吸水性和自硬性是一种研制廉价污泥固化剂配方的重要成分,是把造纸产业废弃物和生产废弃物同时再利用的环保工法,具有现实的研究价值。对纸浆渣烧结灰基本特性进行了试验研究,并在此基础上进行了污泥固化的试验研究,主要包括纸浆渣烧结灰酸碱度试验、吸水率试验、微观结构试验、抗剪强度试验和污泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度试验,结果表明,纸浆渣烧结灰呈弱碱性;吸水性随着压力的增大而减小,存在一个最小吸水率;抗剪强度随含水率的增加而减小,且具有自硬性。纸浆渣烧结灰可提高水泥固化污泥的无侧限抗压强度,并且水泥的掺入含量越高,其强度的提高越显著。  相似文献   

中小城市地表温度空间分异及其与下垫面关系的遥感影像研究          下载免费PDF全文

戚鹏程  刘国旭 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(2):44-48

以Landsat TM 影像为主要数据源,采用单窗算法反演河南省南阳市市区的地表温度。在GIS支持下,研究全区地表温度的空间分异特征,并探讨了地表温度与下垫面特征的关系。结果显示：研究区内高温斑块主要集中在仓储区和商业与公共服务区,该类区域过高的LST对城市环境有明显的负面影响;拦蓄河流所营造的水体是面积较大的低温斑块,对改善城市热环境和中小型城市拦蓄河流措施有一定意义;研究区内LST的空间自相关性在不同方向上有明显差别,东-西方向和东北-西南方向上空间自相关的范围较大,这种格局与区内水体走向有关;地表温度与道路密度指数呈明显正相关。提出中小城市可在仓储用地和交通发达地段周边规划绿地和水体,以抑制热岛呈大面积连片分布。  相似文献