Spatio-temporal distribution of dissolved sulfide in China marginal seas     

吴晓丹  吴斌  宋金明  李学刚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1145-1156

With sulfide increasingly recognized as an important parameter to assess the oxidation-reduction level in aqueous environment, research on its geochemical behavior is becoming important. Water samples collected in Bohai Sea(1–19 August, 2010), Yellow Sea(20–30 November, 2010) and East China Sea(3–17 June, 2010 and 1–10 November, 2010) were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of dissolved sulfide by methylene blue spectrophotometric method. Results show that:(1) horizontally, concentration of dissolved sulfide significantly varied from the coastal region to the open sea and profoundly influenced by physical processes. High values occurred in the river-sea boundary zone "marginal filter" due to rich riverine input, frequent upwelling and active exchange in shelf edge. Terrestrial input from adjacent rivers and the current cycling contributed to the high sulfide appeared in western Bohai Sea, eastern Shandong Peninsula, and northeast of Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary. Especially, relative higher sulfide values occurred in Yellow Sea, which is consistent with the variation of salinity largely due to the hydrodynamic feature;(2) vertically, measurement of dissolved sulfide in bottom water was higher and more variable than that in surface water caused by the wind-induced resuspension and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Moreover, nutrient-type profile clearly identified that oxidation plays a major role in the biogeochemistry cycle of sulfide in water;(3) seasonally, investigation for East China Sea in June and November reflected seasonal variation of Changjiang River Diluted Water, Kuroshio Current, and Taiwan Warm Current. Concentration in June was much higher than that sampled in November at most stations. Mean concentration of dissolved sulfide varied seasonally from 2.26 μg/L(June) to 1.16 μg/L(November) in surface and 3.00 μg/L(June) to 1.56 μg/L(November) in bottom. Progress in the field is slow and more effort is needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of determination and estimate the natural or anthropogenic contribution of dissolved sulfide in ecosystems.  相似文献   

温州蜜柑果实膨大速度与水分环境的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐广田  邹丽霞 《气象研究与应用》2014,35(3):61-64

为研究温州蜜柑果实膨大与水环境的关系,通过对2007-2012年柑橘果实膨大资料与水分资料研究。结果表明：柑橘果实膨大具有抛物线特征,在桂北地区6月中上旬至9月中旬果实生长迅速,其余时段果实生长缓慢,符合作物果实生长曲线规律;膨大速度与降水量、土壤重量含水率呈显著正相关;土壤相对湿度大于80%时与果实体积增量呈负相关;与湿润指数呈线性回归关系,果实膨大速度随着湿润指数的增大而加快。  相似文献   

北部湾的环流和水团对季节性强迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

GAO Jingsong  SHI Maochong  CHEN Bo  GUO Peifang  ZHAO Dongliang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):1-11

In the past 20 a, the gulf-scale circulation in the Beibu Gulf has been commonly accepted to be driven by a wind stress or density gradient. However, using three sensitive experiments based on a three-dimensional baroclinic model that was verified by observations, the formation mechanisms were revealed： the circula- tion in the northern Beibu Gulf was triggered by the monsoon wind throughout a year; whereas the southern gulf circulation was driven by the monsoon wind and South China Sea （SCS） circulation in winter and sum- mer, respectively. The force of heat flux and tidal harmonics had a strong effect on the circulation strength and range, as well as the local circulation structures, but these factors did not influence the major circulation structure in the Beibu Gulf. On the other hand, the Beibu Gulf Cold Water Mass （BGCWM） would disappear without the force of heat flux because the seasonal thermocline layer was generated by the input of heat so that the vertical mixing between the upper hot water and lower cold water was blocked. In addition, the wind-induced cyclonic gyre in the northern gulf was favorable to the existence of the BGCWM. However, the coverage area of the BGCWM was increased slightly without the force of the tidal harmonics. When the model was driven by the monthly averaged surface forcing, the circulation structure was changed to some extent, and the coverage area of the BGCWM almost extended outwards 100%, implying the circulation and water mass in the Beibu Gulf had strong responses to the temporal resolution of the surface forces.  相似文献   

南海西沙海槽沉积物柱MD05-2902细菌多样性     

李涛  王鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(10):85-93

A sediment core MD05-2902 was collected from the deep-sea basin of the Xisha Trough. The vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria in the core was investigated through ten sub-sampling with an interval of 1 m using bacterial 16 S rRNA gene as a phylogenetic bio-marker. Eighteen phylogenetic groups were identified from 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries. The dominant bacterial groups were JS1, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi, which accounted for 30.6%, 16.6%, and 15.6% of bacterial clones in the libraries, respectively. In order to reveal the relationship between biotic and abiotic data, a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis was performed. The result revealed that the δ15N, δ13C, total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen possibly influenced the bacterial community structure. This study expanded our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycling in the Xisha Trough sediment.  相似文献   

Tracking the Moisture Sources of an Extreme Precipitation Event in Shandong, China in July 2007：A Computational Analysis          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Chi  LI Qi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):634-644

This paper utilizes a modified Water Accounting Model （WAM） to track the moisture sources of an extreme precipitation event in Shandong during 18-20 July 2007. It is found that different methods in dealing with the residual of the water budget always produce different results in moisture recycling calculations. In addition, results from the backward tracking without the residual are in complete agreement with those from the forward tracking with the residual, and vice versa, implying a mathematical consistency. We thus analyze and derive the conditions under which the two tracking approaches equate with each other. We applied the backward tracking to the Shandong extreme rainfall case and obtained quantitative estimates of moisture contributions of three selected regions away from the rainfall area. The results indicate that the spatial pattern rather than numerical value of the recycling moisture is more reliable in tracking the moisture sources. The moisture of this Shandong rainfall event comes mostly from the nearby upwind area in Southwest China, which is of the terrestrial origin; while the moisture originating from the neighboring West Pacific contributes little to this event.  相似文献   

Diagnostic Study of Global Energy Cycle of the GRAPES Global Model in the Mixed Space-Time Domain          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Bin  ZHANG Bo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):592-606

Some important diagnostic characteristics for a model’s physical background are reflected in the model’s energy transport, conversion, and cycle. Diagnosing the atmospheric energy cycle is a suitable way towards understanding and improving numerical models. In this study, formulations of the “Mixed Space-Time Domain”energy cycle are calculated and the roles of stationary and transient waves within the atmospheric energy cycle of the Global-Regional Assimilation and Prediction System （GRAPES） model are diagnosed and compared with the NCEP analysis data for July 2011. Contributions of the zonal-mean components of the energy cycle are investigated to explain the performance of numerical models. The results show that the GRAPES model has the capability to reproduce the main features of the global energy cycle as compared with the NCEP analysis. Zonal available potential energy （AZ） is converted into stationary eddy available potential energy （ASE） and transient eddy available potential energy （ATE）, and ASE and ATE have similar values. The nonlinear conversion between the two eddy energy terms is directed from the stationary to the transient. AZ becomes larger with increased forecast lead time, reflecting an enhancement of the meridional temperature gradient, which strengthens the zonal baroclinic processes and makes the conversion from AZ to eddy potential energy larger, especially for CAT （conversion from AZ to ATE）. The zonal kinetic energy （KZ） has a similar value to the sum of the stationary and transient eddy kinetic energy. Barotropic conversions are directed from eddy to zonal kinetic energy. The zonal conversion from AZ to KZ in GRAPES is around 1.5 times larger than in the NCEP analysis. The contributions of zonal energy cycle components show that transient eddy kinetic energy （KTE） is associated with the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet and the conversion from KZ to KTE reduces in the upper tropopause near 30？S. The nonlinear barotropic conversion between stationary  相似文献   

建设与破坏——土地变化中的人力作用     

马亮 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(7)

正如果人力是顺应自然规律的、与天地和谐参用的,其变化的结果当是田地自然元气的培正扶持,是人类生存环境的改善与进步,像都江堰;如果反其道而行之,结果就很危险了。"沧海桑田"一词,道出了中国人对大千世界奇异变化认识的极致。诗文曲赋中关于土地变化的就多有精妙震撼之作。最经典的莫过于杜牧《阿房宫赋》中的两句:第一句是"蜀山兀,阿房出"。蜀山山势连绵围裹,百里千里不绝,极高极大。但是,因为要造"覆压三百余里,隔离天日"的阿房宫,蜀山上的树木都被砍光了,山变秃了。这是第一层变化,显尽了人的能  相似文献   

The influence of seasonal snow on soil thermal and water dynamics under different vegetation covers in a permafrost region   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Juan Chang  Gen-xu Wang  Yong-heng Gao  Yi-bo Wang 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):727-745

Seasonal snow is one of the most important influences on the development and distribution of permafrost and the hydrothermal regime in surface soil. Alpine meadow, which constitutes the main land type in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was selected to study the influence of seasonal snow on the temperature and moisture in active soil layers under different vegetation coverage. Monitoring sites for soil moisture and temperature were constructed to observe the hydrothermal processes in active soil layers under different vegetation cover with seasonal snow cover variation for three years from 2010 to 2012. Differences in soil temperature and moisture in areas of diverse vegetation coverage with varying levels of snow cover were analyzed using active soil layer water and temperature indices. The results indicated that snow cover greatly influenced the hydrothermal dynamics of the active soil layer in alpine meadows. In the snow manipulation experiment with a snow depth greater than 15 cm, the snow cover postponed both the freeze-fall and thawrise onset times of soil temperature and moisture in alpine LC （lower vegetation coverage） meadows and of soil moisture in alpine HC （higher vegetation coverage） meadows; however, the opposite response occurred for soil temperatures of alpine HC meadows,where the entire melting period was extended by advancing the thaw-rise and delaying the freeze-fall onset time of the soil temperature. Snow cover resulted in a decreased amplitude and rate of variation in soil temperature, for both alpine HC meadows and alpine LC meadows, whereas the distinct influence of snow cover on the amplitude and rate of soil moisture variation occurred at different soil layers with different vegetation coverages. Snow cover increased the soil moisture of alpine grasslands during thawing periods. The results confirmed that the annual hydrothermal dynamics of active layers in permafrost were subject to the synergistic actions of both snow cover and vegetation coverage.  相似文献   

三种探空资料在各类强对流天气中的应用对比分析   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

魏东  孙继松  雷蕾  杨波  时少英 《气象》2011,37(4):412-422

使用2007和2008年5-9月常规探空资料、微波辐射计和风廓线数据构建的特种探空资料以及BJ-RUC模式探空资料计算的常用热动力物理参量,比较了在冰雹、雷暴大风和短时暴雨等强天气中特种探空和常规探空的各参量之间的差异,探讨了特种探空在强对流天气判别中定量应用的可靠性,最后选取不同强对流天气个例,详细对比分析了三种探空...  相似文献   

一次锋面层状云云系结构、降水机制及人工增雨条件研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

洪延超  李宏宇 《高原气象》2011,30(5):1308-1323

利用观测资料、中尺度模式MM5和一维层状云模式,分析和研究了典型层状云系的＂催化-供给＂云结构及其分布、降水形成微物理机制;通过分析云的结构、降水机制和水分转化研究了人工增雨条件。结果表明,云系的不同部位,其垂直结构也不同,云系中有3个不同高度的含水量中心：高层冰云由冰晶和雪组成,含水量中心在300hPa高度;中层云为...  相似文献