Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Lightning Activity over the Pacific Ocean and Adjacent Land and Its Relationship with AOD and CAPE     

初雨  郭凤霞  张志伟  邹迪可  吴泽怡  刘舟  鲁鲜 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(4):473-488

Based on LIS/OTD gridded lightning climatology data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MODIS atmosphere monthly global products, we examined latitudinal and daily variations of lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas (i.e., the aggregate of open sea and offshore areas) for different seasons over the Pacific Ocean and the adjacent land areas at 65°N-50°S, 99°E-78°W, and analysed the relationships of lightning activity with CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) and AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth). At any given latitude, the lightning density is the highest over land, followed by offshore areas, all marine areas and the open sea in sequence. The lightning density over land is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that over all marine areas. Lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas varies with season. The diurnal variation of lightning density over land has a single-peak pattern. Over the offshore area, open sea, and all marine areas, lightning densities have two maxima per day. The magnitude of the daily variation in mean lightning density is the largest over land and the smallest over the open sea. The lightning density over the Pacific Ocean and adjacent land areas is significantly and positively correlated with CAPE. The correlation is the strongest over land and the weakest over the open sea. Cloud Base Height (CBH) may affect the efficiency of CAPE conversion to updraft. CAPE has a positive effect on lightning activity and has a greater impact on land than on the ocean. Over the sea, both CAPE and AOD can contribute to lightning activity, but the magnitudes of the influence of CAPE and AOD on lightning activity remain to be determined. Lightning activity over land and sea is a result of the combined action of AOD and CAPE.  相似文献   

Detection and Attribution of Changes in Thermal Discomfort over China during 1961-2014 and Future Projections     

Wanling LI  Xin HAO  Li WANG  Yuqing LI  Jiandong LI  Huixin LI  Tingting HAN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(3):456-470

In this study, variation in the frequency of thermal discomfort days over China during the period of 1961-2014,including heat discomfort days(HDDs) and cold discomfort days(CDDs), and the influence of external forcings on it are discussed. HDDs are the conditions of overheating and overhumidity(represented by humidity index), and CDDs reflect the dangers from cold temperatures and winds(represented by wind chill index). Observations show significant increases(decreases) in the frequency of HDDs(CDDs) over China from 1961 to 2014, with clear regional distinctions. The historical ALL and greenhouse gas(GHG) simulations can sufficiently reproduce the spatial patterns of the observational trend in the frequency of both HDDs and CDDs over China. Further, the impacts of GHG and anthropogenic forcings on the HDDs(CDDs) are detectable over China, except for central and eastern China, based on the optimal fingerprinting method. GHG forcing is identified as a dominant factor for the observational changes in the frequency of HDDs over southern China;GHG and anthropogenic forcings have dominant effects on the variation in the frequency of CDDs over southwestern China. Although trends in the frequency of HDDs and CDDs in historical aerosol forcing simulations seems to be opposite to observations, an aerosol signal fails to be detected. Natural forcing contributes to the observational variation in the frequency of HDDs over northwestern China. In addition, the future projections of thermal discomfort days indicate that Chinese residents will face more threats of heat discomfort and fewer threats of cold discomfort in the future under global warming.  相似文献   

山东惠民黑碳气溶胶变化特征及来源分析          下载免费PDF全文

张玉洁  涂爱琴  张武  边智  王丽娟 《山东气象》2021,41(2):86-96

利用山东惠民国家基准气候站2018年12月—2019年11月的黑碳质量浓度、常规气象观测资料以及 GDAS 数据,研究了该地区黑碳气溶胶的变化特征,并基于后向轨迹模型对其潜在源区进行了分析。研究结果表明: 1）观测期间,黑碳质量浓度平均值为 3.22 µg ? m-3,季节变化呈冬、春季高,夏、秋季低的特点;春、夏、秋季黑碳质量浓度的高频值在 2 µg ? m-3 以内,冬季的高频值在 6 µg ? m-3 以上。2）黑碳质量浓度日变化呈双峰结构,峰值分别出现在 06:00—08:00 和 19:00—21:00,谷值出现于 13:00—15:00。3）降雨和风对黑碳质量浓度有明显影响。非降雨期黑碳质量浓度是降雨期的 2.8 倍;当风速小于 3 m ? s-1 时,黑碳质量浓度随风速增大而减小;冬季在西南西方向、春季在正南方向过来的气团易造成黑碳质量浓度高污染。4）惠民气流输送的季节变化特征明显。春、秋、冬季来自鲁中、河北和苏北等周边地区的气流所占比例较高,对应黑碳质量浓度高值;夏季来自海洋方向的气流占比较高,对应的黑碳质量浓度较低。  相似文献   

WRF-Solar模式对山东太阳总辐射的模拟效果检验          下载免费PDF全文

董旭光  陈艳春  孟祥新 《山东气象》2021,41(4):36-51

利用专门为太阳能资源评估应用的 WRF-Solar数值模式系统,结合 MODIS 气溶胶光学厚度（AOD550 nm）数据,设置了5种山东区域总辐射模拟方案,使用山东济南、福山、吉县3个太阳辐射站总辐射观测数据,对晴天、阴天、雨天以及四季代表月等逐时总辐射模拟结果进行了对比检验。 结果表明：WRF-Solar数值模式对总辐射模拟能力在晴天和少云天最好,阴雨天较差,四季代表月中,天气过程较少的秋季和冬季模拟效果较好,春季次之,夏季相对较差;晴天和少云天、阴天和雨天以及不考虑天气过程的四季代表月所有日条件下,长、短波辐射方案分别采用RRTMG方案、new Goddard 方案,积云对流参数化方案均采用Grell 3D集合方案,同时使用AOD550 nm的气溶胶数据的总辐射模拟能力最强;WRF-Solar模式中加入 MODIS 气溶胶光学厚度资料后,山东区域晴天总辐射模拟结果明显改善,秋季、冬季代表月亦明显改善,但阴天和雨天总辐射模拟结果改善不明显,低能见度日总辐射模拟结果有所改善。  相似文献   

山东气溶胶光学厚度时空分布及其与地面大气污染物质量浓度的相关性分析          下载免费PDF全文

吴炜  丛春华  郑怡 《山东气象》2021,41(1):58-67

基于卫星的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical thickness,AOT)是研究大气污染程度及时空变化的重要参考,由于大气污染物排放特征、地理和气候背景不同,不同区域AOT的时空分布及其与地面大气污染物质量浓度的相关性存在一定的差异。选取了2017年7月—2020年7月山东89个国家环境空气质量监测站数据、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,JAXA)发布的葵花8号和9号气象卫星(Himawari-8／9)AOT产品、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)的ERA5再分析数据产品,研究了山东地区卫星AOT时空分布特征,AOT与地面污染物质量浓度的相关性,并得出了以下结论:1)山东存在两个主要的AOT低值区,分别位于鲁中山区一带,半岛丘陵并延伸到东部沿海一带,低值区的分布没有明显的季节变化;山东AOT年平均的高值区主要分布在山东西部、南部与外省接壤附近地区,以及渤海南部至莱州湾沿岸一带,在分析气溶胶跨省传输时值得关注。不同季节AOT的高值区分布存在差异。2)山东AOT白天变化呈现双峰结构,08时由峰值逐渐下降,11时转为上升,14时达全天最大值0.608;AOT的日变化趋势与细颗粒物(PM2.5)、O3等大气污染物质量浓度变化明显不同,是影响其相关性的重要因素。AOT月际变化中,存在两个显著的峰值6月(0.648)和10月(0.622),2月AOT最低。AOT的季节变化与地面污染物质量浓度的季节变化呈现一定的反位相特征。3)总体上AOT与PM2.5、O3等主要大气污染物质量浓度的相关性不高,一年之中,6月AOT与污染物的相关程度最低,1月的相关性最高;15—17时是AOT与污染物相关性最强的时间段,而10时相关性最差。单凭AOT难以定量反映污染物的分布特征,使用卫星开展地面大气污染监测分析还需纳入更多的因子进行分析。  相似文献   

Direct Radiative Effect of Aerosols on Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in the Pearl River Delta Region     

麦博儒  邓雪娇  刘霞  尹淑娴 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(3):272-281

The environmental impact of aerosols is currently a hot issue that has received worldwide attention. Lacking simultaneous observations of aerosols and carbon flux, the understanding of the aerosol radiative effect of urban agglomeration on the net ecosystem carbon exchange(NEE) is restricted. In 2009-2010, an observation of the aerosol optical property and CO_2 flux was carried out at the Dongguan Meteorological Bureau Station(DMBS) using a sun photometer and eddy covariance systems. The different components of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),including global PAR(GPAR), direct PAR(DPAR), and scattered PAR(FPAR), were calculated using the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) model. The effects of PAR on the NEE between land-atmosphere systems were investigated. The results demonstrated that during the study period the aerosol optical depth(AOD)reduced the DPAR by 519.28±232.89 μmol photons · m~(-2)s~(-1);, but increased the FPAR by 324.93±169.85μmol photons ·m~(-2)s~(-1);, ultimately leading to 194.34±92.62 μmol photons · m~(-2)s~(-1); decrease in the GPAR. All the PARs(including GPAR,DPAR, and FPAR) resulted in increases in the NEE(improved carbon absorption), but the FPAR has the strongest effect with the light use efficiency(LUE) being 1.12 times the values for the DPAR. The absorption of DPAR by the vegetation exhibited photo-inhibition in the radiation intensity 600 photons · m~(-2)s~(-1); in contrast, the absorptions of FPAR did not exhibit apparent photo-inhibition. Compared with the FPAR caused by aerosols, the DPAR was not the primary factor affecting the NEE. On the contrary, the increase in AOD significantly increased the FPAR, enhancing the LUE of vegetation ecosystems and finally promoting the photosynthetic CO_2 absorption.  相似文献   

Influence of dust aerosols on eastern Pacific tropical cyclone intensity          下载免费PDF全文

Zhenxi Zhang  Wen Zhou 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(3):12-18

热带地区大气的热力学状态对台风的发展起着重要作用.本项研究结果表明,东太平洋台风强度与沙尘AOD之间存在一定的负相关.同时,MERRA-2再分析数据和CMIP6的GCM模拟的分析结果,都表明了低层大气中云对沙尘AOD的负响应.沙尘颗粒物的准直接辐射效应可以解释上述响应:沙尘颗粒物吸收太阳辐射,并用此热量促进云层蒸发.理论上,这种气溶胶驱动的汽化作用会影响台风周围空气的焓.根据台风的潜在强度理论,与沙尘相关的台风强度变化,实则是沙尘的准直接辐射效应引起的台风周围空气焓值变化的结果.  相似文献   

扩展多波长偏振测量的太阳—天空辐射计观测网   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李正强  李东辉  李凯涛  许华  陈兴峰  陈澄  谢一凇  李莉  李雷  李伟  吕阳  伽丽丽  张莹  顾行发 《遥感学报》2015,19(3):495-519

太阳辐射和大气气溶胶的地基遥感观测在气候变化、大气环境和对地观测等领域有重要意义。结合多波长偏振测量技术在气溶胶观测中的应用,本文介绍了在中国典型区域建立的太阳—天空辐射计观测网SONET(Sunsky radiometer Oberservation NETwork)。主要内容包括:(1)多波长偏振太阳—天空辐射计的参数、基本原理和功能,以及据此建立的中国区域太阳—天空辐射计观测网及其站点的基本情况;(2)太阳直射、太阳主平面和平纬圈几何条件下,太阳—天空辐射和偏振的观测模式及其测量参数;(3)针对气溶胶、水汽等大气成分观测发展的太阳直射辐射、天空光辐亮度、线偏振度等观测量的定标和数据处理方法,并给出在晴朗和灰霾等天气下的SONET观测结果示例;(4)基于在SONET典型站点连续的较长期遥感观测,初步建立了城市、乡村和灰霾情况下的整层大气气溶胶参数模型。在扩展多波长偏振测量的基础上,SONET还发展了自动观测、快速数据处理、定期标定和维护等观测网运行关键技术,可为典型大气气溶胶模型构建、卫星气溶胶产品反演和验证、大气环境遥感监测等应用提供支撑。  相似文献   

结合气象模型的遥感影像大气模糊去除     

姜超  耿则勋  陈庆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(9)

利用传感器成像时刻对应的观测区域气象参数,结合大气光学湍流参数化模型和气溶胶MTF估计模型,分别计算湍流MTF和气溶胶MTF,再由二者的乘积得到大气MTF,进而采用一种改进的维纳滤波算法实现遥感影像的大气模糊去除。实验结果证明,恢复后影像的客观评价指标以及主观视觉效果均有明显改善,验证了本文算法的有效性和可行性。  相似文献   

Characterization of organic aerosols in Beijing using an aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer     

ZHANG Junke  WANG Yuesi  HUANG Xiaojuan  LIU Zirui  JI Dongsheng  SUN Yang 《大气科学进展》2015,32(6):877-888

Fine particle of organic aerosol(OA), mostly arising from pollution, are abundant in Beijing. To achieve a better understanding of the difference in OA in summer and autumn, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HRTo F-AMS, Aerodyne Research Inc., USA) was deployed in urban Beijing in August and October 2012. The mean OA mass concentration in autumn was 30 ± 30 μg m-3, which was higher than in summer(13 ± 6.9 μg m-3). The elemental analysis found that OA was more aged in summer(oxygen-to-carbon(O/C) ratios were 0.41 and 0.32 for summer and autumn,respectively). Positive matrix factorization(PMF) analysis identified three and five components in summer and autumn, respectively. In summer, an oxygenated OA(OOA), a cooking-emission-related OA(COA), and a hydrocarbon-like OA(HOA)were indentified. Meanwhile, the OOA was separated into LV-OOA(low-volatility OOA) and SV-OOA(semi-volatile OOA);and in autumn, a nitrogen-containing OA(NOA) was also found. The SOA(secondary OA) was always the most important OA component, accounting for 55% of the OA in the two seasons. Back trajectory clustering analysis found that the origin of the air masses was more complex in summer. Southerly air masses in both seasons were associated with the highest OA loading, while northerly air masses were associated with the lowest OA loading. A preliminary study of OA components,especially the POA(primary OA), in different periods found that the HOA and COA all decreased during the National Day holiday period, and HOA decreased at weekends compared with weekdays.  相似文献