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为了弥补青藏高原雷暴观测个例的不足,从动力、微物理和起电过程之间的密切联系来解释青藏高原雷暴云底部较大的次正电荷区（LPCC）和暖云区厚度（WCD）之间的关系,本文设置敏感性试验组,通过三种途径,改变了青藏高原那曲地区一次LPCC明显且对流较强的雷暴过程的探空初始场,得到10组具有不同WCD值的初始场算例,利用三维雷暴云动力-电耦合数值模式,模拟分析了WCD和LPCC之间的可能关系。结果表明,在青藏高原WCD并不是决定LPCC大小的唯一因素,明显的LPCC的形成需要较薄的WCD配合较强但不能太强的上升速度,即使WCD很薄,太强的上升气流也仅容易形成主正和主负电荷区非常强的一般型雷暴,太弱的上升气流,也仅能形成主正和主负电荷区很弱的一般型雷暴。雨滴的两个主要源项,即雨滴通过重力碰并收集云水和霰融化形成雨水,及霰的主要源项霰撞冻云水,这三个微物理过程的效率主要取决于对流强度。薄的WCD对暖云降水过程的抑制作用不及强的上升速度对暖云降水过程的增强作用。在对流强度变化不大的情况下,WCD主要影响着冰粒子的分布高度,WCD越薄,向0℃层以上输送的云滴尺寸越小,数目越多,越利于低层冰粒子的生长,L... 相似文献
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为了认识以暖云强降水为主导的对流单体中的电荷结构特征及其形成原因, 利用加入了起放电参数化方案的WRF模式, 模拟了2017年5月7日广州局地突发的以暖云降水为主导的特大暴雨过程, 分析讨论了此次过程中一个单体成熟发展阶段的电荷结构的特征及其成因。结果表明, 此次以暖云降水为主导的特大暴雨过程中的单体对流强度较弱, 云顶高度低于同地区典型对流过程, 强回波区由大雨滴形成, 范围较小, 顶较低, 对流运动向0℃层以上输送的过冷水较少, 不利于冰相粒子形成, 导致大小冰相粒子含量均较少, 其中含量最多的冰相粒子为雪花, 其次依次为霰、冰晶、冰雹。云内起电较弱, 以非感应起电为主。非感应起电主要以对流区中-15℃层以下正的起电率为主, 感应起电率以对流区中的负极性为主。对流区中空间净电荷呈三极性结构, 其中中部负电荷区和底部正电荷区中心电荷密度及电荷区范围相当, 上部正电荷区相对较弱, 范围较小。对流区外围仅有弱的中部负电荷区和底部正电荷区。中部负电荷区由带负电荷的冰晶和雪花共同主导, 上部正电荷区由带正电荷的雪花主导, 底部正电荷区主要是由带正电荷的霰粒子及带正电荷的雨滴主导。强起电区和放电区重合, 主要集中在回波中心上部35~50 dBZ的对流区。 相似文献
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Based on LIS/OTD gridded lightning climatology data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MODIS atmosphere monthly global products, we examined latitudinal and daily variations of lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas (i.e., the aggregate of open sea and offshore areas) for different seasons over the Pacific Ocean and the adjacent land areas at 65°N-50°S, 99°E-78°W, and analysed the relationships of lightning activity with CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) and AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth). At any given latitude, the lightning density is the highest over land, followed by offshore areas, all marine areas and the open sea in sequence. The lightning density over land is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that over all marine areas. Lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas varies with season. The diurnal variation of lightning density over land has a single-peak pattern. Over the offshore area, open sea, and all marine areas, lightning densities have two maxima per day. The magnitude of the daily variation in mean lightning density is the largest over land and the smallest over the open sea. The lightning density over the Pacific Ocean and adjacent land areas is significantly and positively correlated with CAPE. The correlation is the strongest over land and the weakest over the open sea. Cloud Base Height (CBH) may affect the efficiency of CAPE conversion to updraft. CAPE has a positive effect on lightning activity and has a greater impact on land than on the ocean. Over the sea, both CAPE and AOD can contribute to lightning activity, but the magnitudes of the influence of CAPE and AOD on lightning activity remain to be determined. Lightning activity over land and sea is a result of the combined action of AOD and CAPE. 相似文献
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