基于改进的布尔沙模型的坐标转换方法   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈宇  白征东  罗腾 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(3)

提出一种改进的布尔沙转换模型--坐标系原点重心化的七参数模型,利用清华校园实测数据计算及模拟数据的对比分析,表明该方法明显优于普通的布尔沙坐标转换方法.  相似文献   

车辆荷载作用下加筋土挡墙的静动响应现场试验          下载免费PDF全文

刘泽  史克友  黄天琪  蒋梅东  黄凯峰 《水文地质工程地质》2017,(4):91-97

为研究车辆荷载作用下加筋土挡墙的静动力响应规律,以330国道K139+100~K139+400路段的模块式加筋土挡墙为原型,通过埋设动静土压力盒、柔性位移计以及加速度计等元器件,测试了车辆荷载作用下加筋土挡墙的筋材拉应变、面墙后侧向土压力、加筋体后侧向土压力和挡墙的侧向变形等。结果表明:车辆荷载作用时,挡土墙面墙上部的响应加速度远大于下层;当车辆荷载作用在加筋体上时,车辆行车距离对加筋体内产生的动土压力影响不大,当车辆荷载作用在加筋体后时,车辆行车距离对加筋体内的动土压力大小及分布模式有很大影响。无论是在车辆静载作用下还是在车辆动载作用下,加筋体后侧向土压力远大于面墙后的侧向土压力。  相似文献   

西大别芳畈花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义     

武昱东  王宗起  刘成新  贾少华  张晗  吴波  王刚 《地质学报》2017,91(2):315-333

本文通过对西大别大悟芳畈地区黑云母花岗岩和石英正长岩花岗岩两种岩体的地球化学分析及U-Pb同位素测试,得到如下认识:黑云母花岗岩和石英正长岩花岗岩总体特征相似,主量元素表现为高SiO2(平均77.2%)、过铝质(A/CNK指数在1.03~1.13),碱度率在5.43~7.23,属碱性系列;ΣREE平均62.4×10-6,(Ce/Yb)N均值为0.67,(La/Yb)N均值为0.97,呈现平缓仅Eu亏损(δEu均值0.20)的"海鸥型";大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等呈明显的负异常,说明岩浆源岩以陆壳成分为主;Ga/Al均值为3.16,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y均值为578;锆石饱和温度为833~877℃,稀土元素饱和浓度温度为773~862℃,表明初始岩浆温度较高。上述特征说明,芳畈花岗岩为典型的A型花岗岩,形成于中上地壳的板内伸展背景。用LA-ICPMS测得的黑云母花岗岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为773.0±1.6 Ma(MSWD=0.96,n=33),石英正长花岗岩形成的年龄为759.8±2.3 Ma(MSWD=1.6,n=28),表明其形成于新元古代洋陆俯冲的构造背景,是这一时期大陆边缘弧岩浆作用的产物。芳畈花岗岩体形成时代早于其外围地层,是经后期构造改造形成的混杂岩带,其岩浆作用与岩体外围的铜成矿作用无直接联系。  相似文献   

论证南海海疆国界线   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王颖  葛晨东  邹欣庆 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):1-12

According to a series of important historical maps,i.e.,the Location Map of the South China Sea Islands,the Nansha Islands,Zhongsha Islands,Xisha Islands,Yongxing Island and Shidao Island,and Taiping Island(archived by the Territorial Administration Division of the Ministry of Interior of Republic of China in 1946),and the Administration District Map of the Republic of China published in 1948,the dashed line surrounding the South China Sea Islands represents China's sea boundary in the South China Sea at that time.It was both connected with,and an extension of,the land boundary of China.At that time the dashed line was used to represent the waters boundaries while the solid line was used to represent the land boundary—a universal method used in maps that was then recognized internationally.The above observation provides historical and scientific evidence of China's sea boundary in the South China Sea that is useful for the international maritime delimitation over the South China Sea area.  相似文献   

西沙群岛东岛潟湖沉积物碳、氮元素地球化学特征及其指示的环境变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘晓瞳  葛晨东  邹欣庆  黄梅  唐盟  李亚丽 《海洋学报》2017,39(6):43-54

根据对西沙群岛东岛潟湖沉积柱样DD-01粒度特征,210Pb年代学,C、N元素地球化学,有机碳同位素（δ13C）以及生物残留组分的分析,探讨了东岛沉积环境的演变。结果显示,沉积柱剖面自下而上可分成4段:（1）34~40 cm的沉积层受鸟粪影响较大,TN、TOC含量分别介于0.15%~0.27%及1.78%~2.8%,δ13C值介于-24.86‰~-23.84‰,可见大量鸟粪沉积,植物颖果以及淡水相介形类残体;（2）28~34 cm （年代约132 a BP）的沉积层中淡水相的介形类以及植物颖果和鸟粪沉积几乎绝迹,海相有孔虫以及海胆刺残体数量激增,TN含量介于0.05%~0.06%,TOC含量在0.4%~1.17%之间,分别降至相对低值;δ13C值变轻,介于-25.95‰~-25.45‰;平均粒径较粗,稳定在1.3Φ左右;TIC含量较高,介于10.95%~11.26%,接近纯净碳酸盐的含量。C、N元素的含量较上下层位均出现了剧烈的变化,这可能受到了海洋沉积动力事件影响,使得东岛的生态环境产生了剧烈的变化;（3）19~28 cm 深度,TN、TOC出现增加的趋势,沉积物中又重现植物颖果及其残体,此段沉积物更多受到牛粪的影响,δ13C值保持在较轻的水平;（4）19 cm（年代约90 a BP）处至表层,TN、TOC含量快速波动增长,受到鸟类种群恢复带来的大量鸟粪输入的影响,δ13C的值也出现了变重的趋势。  相似文献   

近年来人类活动影响下长江河口的变化模式     

王成龙  赵一飞  邹欣庆  许鑫王豪  葛晨东 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):87-96

To evaluate the controlling factors for coastline change of the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary since 1974,we extracted the mean high tide line from multi-temporal remote sensing images that span from 1974 to 2014 at 2-year intervals.We chose 42 scenes to constrain the changing pattern of the Changjiang Estuary coastline,and implemented GIS technology to analyze the area change of the Changjiang(Yangtze) Subaerial Delta.Runoff,sediment discharge and coastal engineering were withal considered in the analysis of the coastline changes.The coastline has transgressed seaward since 1974,and a part of it presents inter-annual variations.The area of the Changjiang Subaerial Delta increased by 871 km2,with a net accretion rate of 21.8 km2/a.Based on the change of sediment discharge due to the major projects in the Changjiang River Basin,we divided the changing pattern of the coastline into three stages:the slow accretion stage(1974–1986),the moderate accretion stage(1987–2002),and the rapid accretion stage(2003–2014).Liner regression analysis illustrated that there is a significantly positive correlation between the area changes and sediment discharge in the Chongming Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha.This suggested that sediment load has a fundamental effect on the evolution of the Changjiang Estuary.Construction of Deep Waterway in the North Passage of the Changjiang River(1998–2010) led to a rapid accretion in the Hengsha Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha by influencing the hydrodynamics in North Passage.Coastal engineering such as reclamation and harbor construction can also change the morphology of the Changjiang Estuary.We defined a contribution rate of area change to assess the impact of reclamation on the evolution of Changjiang Estuary.It turned out that more than 45.3% of area increment of the Changjiang Estuary was attributed to reclamation.  相似文献   

苏北滨海湿地互花米草潮滩CO₂,CH₄和N₂O通量的日变化规律     

许鑫王豪  傅光翮  邹欣庆  葛晨东  赵一飞 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):105-113

The invasions of the alien species such as Spartina alterniflora along the northern Jiangsu coastlines have posed a threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem function.Yet,limited attention has been given to their potential influence on greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions,including the diurnal variations of GHG fluxes that are fundamental in estimating the carbon and nitrogen budget.In this study,we examined the diurnal variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide(CO_2),methane(CH_4),and nitrous oxide(N2O) from a S.alterniflora intertidal flat in June,October,and December of 2013 and April of 2014 representing the summer,autumn,winter,and spring seasons,respectively.We found that the average CH_4 fluxes on the diurnal scale were positive during the growing season while negative otherwise.The tidal flat of S.alterniflora acted as a source of CH_4 in summer(June) and a combination of source and sink in other seasons.We observed higher diurnal variations in the CO_2 and N_2O fluxes during the growing season(1 536.5 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 25.6 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) compared with those measured in the non-growing season(379.1 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 16.5 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)).The mean fluxes of CH_4 were higher at night than that in the daytime during all the seasons but October.The diurnal variation in the fluxes of CO_2 in June and N_2O in December fluctuated more than that in October and April.However,two peak curves in October and April were observed for the diurnal changes in CO_2 and N_2O fluxes(prominent peaks were found in the morning of October and in the afternoon of April,respectively).The highest diurnal variation in the N_2O fluxes took place at 15:00(86.4 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) in June with an unimodal distribution.Water logging in October increased the emission of CO_2(especially at nighttime),yet decreased N_2O and CH_4 emissions to a different degree on the daily scale because of the restrained diffusion rates of the gases.The seasonal and diurnal variations of CH_4 and CO_2 fluxes did not correlate to the air and soil temperatures,whereas the seasonal and diurnal variation of the fluxes of N_2O in June exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature.When N_2O and CH_4 fluxes were converted to CO_2-e equivalents,the emissions of N_2O had a remarkable potential to impact the global warming.The mean daily flux(MF) and total daily flux(TDF) were higher in the growing season,nevertheless,the MF and TDF of CO_2 were higher in October and those of CH_4 and N_2O were higher in June.In spite of the difference in the optimal sampling times throughout the observation period,our results obtained have implications for sampling and scaling strategies in estimating the GHG fluxes in coastal saline wetlands.  相似文献   

全液压车载钻机给进回路负载特性分析及设计     

常江华  凡东  田宏亮 《煤田地质与勘探》2017,45(6):182-186

给进装置是车载钻机的主要执行机构之一,其性能直接影响钻机技术性能的发挥。目前,全液压车载钻机的给进装置大多采用的是两根油缸通过钢丝绳带动动力头运动的伸缩桅杆式结构,结构紧凑,给进行程长。在分析全液压车载钻机给进装置主要工序和负载特性的基础上,ZMK5530TZJ100型车载钻机设计了双泵、双回路控制的液压控制系统,满足快速起下钻及精确钻压控制的正常钻进需求;通过油缸无杆腔贴装防爆阀实现给进装置的可靠悬停功能,避免管路破裂或误操作时钻具自由下落造成的顿钻事故,两个防爆阀可以同步控制油口,并联在一起使两个给进油缸的无杆腔压力相等,保证两油缸同步运行。ZMK5530TZJ100型车载钻机在晋城寺河矿完成了1 675 m的“L”形试验钻孔,验证了给进回路设计的合理性和可靠性。   相似文献   

土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟及其应用     

张巍  史卜涛  施斌  张云  吴方东 《工程地质学报》2017,25(3):815-823

物质点法（MPM）属于一种无网格数值计算方法,它可导入各种土体本构模型,考虑土体流固耦合行为,能够有效模拟土质滑坡大变形及超大变形。本文介绍了物质点法基本原理、控制方程与求解格式;基于5种物质点法的多孔介质表征模型,简要回顾了土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟的最新研究进展。采用单套单相物质点模型,对深圳“12·20”人工堆填土滑坡全过程进行了物质点法模拟,使用了线性加载方式确定初始应力场,并使用了Drucker-Prager屈服准则弹塑性本构模型、GIMP算法与MUSL求解格式。模拟结果表明,该边坡发生失稳后,最大滑距达510m,滑坡范围纵向间距为1050m,最小滑坡角5.95°,均与观测结果相吻合。土体内部等效塑性应变区的演化趋势显示,滑坡机制为渐进式破坏,具体表现为:坡趾土体首先沿基岩界面发生剪切破坏,随后坡顶出现拉张裂隙,坡趾与坡顶塑性区分别沿基岩界面向坡体内部发育,形成贯通滑动面后滑动加速,超大变形出现。物质点法模拟滑坡运动全过程有助于理解滑坡致灾行为,可为滑坡防治提供参考。  相似文献   

汶川M_S8.0级地震InSAR同震形变场观测与研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

单新建  屈春燕  宋小刚  张桂芳  刘云华  郭利民  张国宏  李卫东 《地球物理学报》2009,52(2):496-504

利用InSAR技术,采用地震前后日本ALOS/ PALSAR数据,提取了2008年5月12日四川汶川地震7个条带的地表同震形变场.每个形变条带南北向500 km,东西向70 km,7个形变场覆盖了映秀镇、都江堰、茂县、北川、平武和青川.结果显示,此次地震地表破裂带在北川—映秀断裂带上.地表破裂带从汶川县映秀镇西南震中附近一直到青川县苏河北侧,全长约为230 km.发震断层西北盘为抬升盘,南东盘断层附近,仍然表现为隆起区,显示出以逆冲为主的断层性质.在汶川县映秀镇西侧震中区,最大相对卫星视线向形变量达260 cm,如果全部换算成垂直形变,则两个区域的垂直相对形变达3.3 m.从北川至平通一带,卫星视线向形变范围在120～180 cm的隆起带.其中,擂鼓镇隆起形变范围170～180 cm,换算成垂直形变约在2.2～2.3 m之间.在青川苏河北附近,有70～80 cm范围的隆起形变.在雅安、峨眉山一带,以及射洪至重庆北侧一带有大范围沉降区.在重庆及其南侧区域有幅度在20～30 cm小范围隆起.由青川向东至广元、宁强一带,有形变幅度在60～70 cm的隆起区.整个形变场影响范围较大,四川盆地出现了不同程度的地表形变.  相似文献