西江下游溶解无机碳含量的时空变异特征及其输出通量   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

姚冠荣  高全洲  王振刚  何桐  张永领  刘昆  焦树林 《地球化学》2008,37(3):258-264

选取西江下游干支流6个样点进行一个完整水文年度的观测分析,利用基本水文水化学参数来揭示河水溶解无机碳(DIC)含量的时空变异特征,并估算流域DIC输出通量.结果表明,西江下游干支流DIC含量受控于流域地质环境和水热条件,变化于0.74～2.40 mmol/L之间,存在明显的时空变异.干支流DIC含量季节变化模式基本一致,呈现汛期(不包括受洪水影响极强的时段)较高、非汛期较低而洪水期最低的变化特征,流域水热条件的季节变化是其根本原因;河水DIC含量的空间变异基本与流域碳酸盐岩空间分布格局一致,干流DIC含量明显高于支流,且向下游呈减小趋势.西江流域DIC输出通量约4.57×1012g/a,汛期和6月洪水贡献分别达84%和40%.全流域DIC侵蚀通量约12.95 g/(m2·a),在世界各流域中居中上水平.  相似文献   

黄土塬竖井剖面黄土-古土壤碳同位素记录特征   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张普  刘卫国  周卫健  武振坤  宋少华 《地球化学》2008,37(5)

选取位于黄土高原中部西峰和洛川塬面中心地区,分别开挖一个竖井获得L2以来连续黄土-古土壤沉积序列的剖面,并对剖面样品的总有机碳、无机碳酸盐的碳同位素组成进行分析.结果显示黄土-古土壤的有机质碳同位素变化与前人对天然剖面的研究结果一致,同时也注意到黄土-古土壤序列有机碳δ813Corg与无机碳酸盐δ13Ccarb有相似的变化趋势,两者在统计学分析意义上均呈显著正相关关系,西峰塬和洛川塬的相关系数分别为r=0.615和r=0.314,a<0.01,该结果与以往对黄土高原塬面边缘天然露头剖面获得有机碳与总碳酸盐碳同位素呈反相关趋势的结论不一致.对于这种现象的初步解释可能是:(1)来自后期的改造作用:由于黄土沟谷出露的天然剖面多发生在雨水冲刷黄土塬面所切割形成的沟谷两侧,这样天然剖面处于一个开放或半开放的环境,其表层至某一深度受外界水热环境和气体交换影响黄土中的无机碳酸盐;(2)同时黄土-古土壤竖井剖面也可能受土壤CO2分压的影响造成土壤次生碳酸盐的形成而导致同位素变化趋势的复杂性;(3)采样点区域性的差异.结果表明,深入研究不同地区塬面竖井剖面黄土-古土壤碳同位素组成并与相应地区的天然剖面碳同位素组成进行对比,将有助于更准确地理解黄土-古土壤碳同位素所记录的古植被和古气候变化历史.  相似文献   

川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青地球化学特征及其气源指示意义   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王铜山  耿安松  孙永革  熊永强  刘德汉  李霞 《沉积学报》2008,26(2):340-348

运用有机岩石学、有机地球化学、催化加氢热解、GC—IRMS等方法和技术,深入研究了川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青及可能烃源岩的地球化学特征。研究认为,飞仙关组储层固体沥青反射率高,双反射明显,为非均质结构储层焦沥青;在碳酸盐岩储层的各种孔隙中,呈脉状、球粒状、角片状或块状等他形充填,具有中间相结构和镶嵌状结构特征,反映其高温热变质成因;元素组成有S/C高、H/C低的特点,其固体碳同位素组成与长兴组烃源岩干酪根相似。储层固体沥青的可能烃源岩发育于还原—弱氧化咸水沉积环境,有机质来源于水生藻类;氯仿沥青“A”饱和烃甾萜类生物标志物对比表明,上二叠长兴组烃源岩是主要来源,飞仙关组、下志留统烃源岩亦有贡献;催化加氢产物饱和烃及其正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成显示,坡2井飞仙关组储层固体沥青与罐5井飞仙关组烃源岩具有明显的亲缘关系,这也可作为飞仙关组海槽相烃源岩对飞仙关组气藏有贡献的佐证。  相似文献   

Kinetic Modeling the Formation of Low-mature Gases and Analysis of the Possibility to Be Accumulated     

SHUAI Yanhu  WANG Hui  ZHANG Shuichang  SU Aiguo 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):537-542

At present, shallow gases have received much attention due to low cost in exploration and production. Low-mature gases, as one significant origin to shallow gas, turns to be an important research topic. The present understanding of low-mature gases is confined within some geological cases, and few laboratory studies have been reported. Therefore, the potential and characters of low- mature gases are not clear up to now. Here, two premature samples （one coal and the other shale） were pyrolyzed in a gold confined system. The gaseous components including hydrocarbon gases and non-hydrocarbon gases were analyzed. Based on kinetic modeling, the formation of low-mature gases was modeled. The results showed that during low mature stage, about 178 mL/gTOC gas was generated from the shale and 100 mL/gTOC from the coal. Two third to three fourth of the generated gases are non-hydrocarbon gases such as H2S and CO2. The total yields of C1-5 for the two samples are almost the same, 30-40 mL/gTOC, but individual gaseous hydrocarbon is different. The shale has much lower C1 but higher C2-5, whereas the coal has higher C1 but lower C2-5. Hydrocarbon gases formed during low-mature stage are very wet. The stable carbon isotope ratios of methane range from -40‰ to -50‰ （PDB）, in good consistence with empiric criterion for low-mature gases summed up by the previous researchers. The generation characters suggest that the low-mature gases could be accumulated to form an economic gas reservoir, but most of them occur only as associated gases.  相似文献   

A Study of the Migration and Accumulation Efficiency and the Genesis of Hydrocarbon Natural Gas in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LI Jijun  LU Shuangfang  XUE Haitao  HUO Qiuli  XU Qingxia 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):629-635

In order to investigate the migration and accumulation efficiency of hydrocarbon natural gas in the Xujiaweizi fault depression, and to provide new evidence for the classification of its genesis, a source rock pyrolysis experiment in a closed system was designed and carried out. Based on this, kinetic models for describing gas generation from organic matter and carbon isotope fractionation during this process were established, calibrated and then extrapolated to geologic conditions by combining the thermal history data of the Xushen-1 Well. The results indicate that the coal measures in the Xujiaweizi fault depression are typical ＂high-efficiency gas sources＂, the natural gas generated from them has a high migration and accumulation efficiency, and consequently a large-scale natural gas accumulation occurred in the area. The highly/over matured coal measures in the Xujiaweizi fault depression generate coaliferous gas with a high δ^13C1 value （〉 -20‰） at the late stage, making the carbon isotope composition of organic alkane gases abnormally heavy. In addition, the mixing and dissipation through the caprock of natural gas can result in the negative carbon isotope sequence （δ^13C1 〉δ^13C2 〉δ^13C3 〉δ^13C4） of organic alkane gases, and the dissipation can also lead to the abnormally heavy carbon isotope composition of organic alkane gases. As for the discovery of inorganic nonhydrocarbon gas reservoirs, it can only serve as an accessorial evidence rather than a direct evidence that the hydrocarbon gas is inorganic. As a result, it needs stronger evidence to classify the hydrocarbon natural gas in the Xujiaweizi fault depression as inorganic gas.  相似文献   

树木年轮碳稳定同位素在气象中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吕军  屠其璞  钱君龙 《气象》2001,27(1):9-13

对树木年轮碳同位素方法在气象中的应用及其成果作了综合评述，并对该领域目前存在的问题和前景作了一定的展望。  相似文献   

全球植被与大气之间碳通量的模式估计   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Li Yinpeng  Ji Jinjun 《大气科学进展》2001,18(5):807-818

用大气植被相互作用模式(AⅥM)模拟了全球陆地植被的净初级生产力(NPP)。AⅥM由相互耦合的两部分组成：物理过程，包括陆地表面水分和能量在土壤、植被与大气之间的传输；以及生理生态过程，如：光合、呼吸、干物质分配、凋落和物候等。全球的植被分为13类，土壤按质地分为6类。用EMDI提供的全球1637个包括不同植被类型的NPP观测点数据对模型进行了检验。NPP模拟的结果表明：全球陆地植被的平均NPP为405.13 g C m-2yr-1，不同植被类型的平均NPP变化范围在99.58 g C m-2yr-l(苔原)到996.2 g C m-2yr-l(热带雨林)之间。全球年总NPP为60.72 Gt C yr-l，其中最大的部分为热带雨林，15.84 Gt C yr-1，占全球的26.09％。最大的碳汇是在北半球的温带。模式模拟的NPP在全球的空间和季节分布是合理的。  相似文献   

The Role of Organic Matter in the Formation of Siderite from Xuanlong Area,Hebei Province     

刘敏  陈志明等 《中国地球化学学报》1997,16(1):86-94

Based on the analysis of siderite distribution,occurrence,chemical compositionk,structureal characteristics,carbon-oxygen isotopic characteristics and relationship between siderite and hematite,this paper presents a systematic study of siderite in the region studied.suggesting that the siderite in the Xuanlong area genetically resulted from organically reduced primary hematite during the diagenesis.The ferric and ferrous relations directly depend on organic contents.In the presence of organic matter ferrous iron can be converted to ferric iron through or ganic reduction.The above conclusion has also been proved by organic geochemistry.data.  相似文献   

胜利油田孤岛原油中有机硅化合物的发现及其石油地质意义   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张世英  张景廉 《沉积学报》1997,15(1):7-12

采用溶剂萃取法从胜利油田孤岛原油中分离得到浓缩的含氧化合物，再用柱色谱分离得到有机硅及其它组分。用红外、电子能谱、气相色谱－质谱法分离鉴定了有机硅组分。鉴定出的有机硅化合物有硅Ｓｉ₃－Ｓｉ₇的甲基硅氧烷和Ｓｉ₃－Ｓｉ₅的环甲基硅氧烷以及三甲基硅的衍生物。资料表明:在高等和低等生物体中还不能肯定含有Ｓｉ－Ｃ键的有机化合物。因此，原油中有机硅化合物的发现是原油无机成因的一个证据。本文还简要讨论了位于勃海湾盆地孤岛原油的无机成因的地质环境及其石油地质意义。  相似文献   

利用甲烷碳同位素研究混合气的混合体积   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

高先志 《沉积学报》1997,15(2):63-65

自然界不同源天然气的混合是一种普遍现象。混合作用是一种物理过程，混合气中某一组份的含量为该组份在各种来源气中的含量以其体积比例为权的和。因此，根据混合气的碳同位素以及被混合的气的碳同位素丰度可确定出各种被混合的气的比例。文章根据这一原理对廊固凹陷河西务构造带天然气的混合比例进行了计算，结果表明混合气中有２４%～６３%是来自石炭－二叠系的煤成气。在实际应用中，确定典型气的甲烷碳同位素丰度是基础，根据天然气甲烷同位素丰度与其源岩热演化成熟度Ｒｏ有线性关系的原理，可利用研究区源岩的Ｒｏ来确定本区的煤成气或油型气甲烷碳同位素的丰度。  相似文献