大荔县地下水环境质量评价及成因浅析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘瑞平  朱桦  亢明仲  焦建刚  杨柄超  乔刚  赵阿宁  柯海玲 《西北地质》2009,42(2):116-125

基于2006－2007年对研究区野外实地调研和水化学数据的测试分析,以国家地下水质量I类水标准为基值,筛选出12个超标的水化学组分,利用模糊灰色评价方法对地下水环境质量作出评价。结果表明,大荔县地下水绝大部分为5类水．并用熵权赋权法研究导致水质变差的主要水化学组分。结果表明,铁在该区影响最大,其次为氯化物、总硬度、氟化物、溶解性总固体,为苦咸水之源。含水层中铁、总硬度、溶鹪性总固体、硫酸根、卤化物区域性高含量主要由于大荔县特殊的气候、地质背景条件等所决定。而COD、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、锰、铬含量的增高由人类活动所为。  相似文献   

Effects of copper pollution on the activity of soil invertase and urease in loquat orchards   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lijun Fu  Wenjin Yang  Yangye Wei 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):76-80

Dealt with in this paper is the relationship between Cu contents of soil and activity parameters for soil invertase and urease from the Changtai loquat orchards in Fujian Province. The soil invertase activity and maximum reaction velocity (enzyme kinetic parameters: Vmax and Vmax/Km) have no remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, but Cu concentrations have an obvious positive effect on invertase Kin, indicating a reversible com-petitive restraint on the reaction between Cu and invertase. The soil urease activity and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax,Vmax/Km) have a remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, and in this aspect, they can be used as ecological indices of the soil polluted by Cu. A slightly variable Km indicates the non-reversible competitive restraint level.  相似文献   

基于数值模拟和统计拟合分析华北冬季一次大范围重污染过程的形成机理     

秦楚菲  孙家仁  张文君  廖志恒  滕宇威  陈朋龙  陈静华 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(2):185-198

基于WRF/Chem（Weather Research Forecasting/Chemistry）模式对2015年11月25日至12月2日我国北方一次大范围PM2.5（空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5 μm的颗粒物,即细颗粒物）重污染过程进行了模拟。与观测资料对比表明,模式能够较好地模拟出PM2.5浓度及气象因素的变化趋势,结果适用于此次污染事件的机理分析。动力、热力条件及化学转化等因素对此次强污染事件形成的机理分析表明,动力因子主要通过表面风和垂直风切变的减弱对此次污染事件造成影响,边界层逆温等热力因子促进了大气稳定性的增强,不利于污染物扩散。依据PM2.5组成成分变化分析可知,硝酸盐、硫酸盐和有机碳在此次事件中含量增加,说明机动车汽车尾气和燃煤排放所致的二次气溶胶生成对PM2.5污染加剧起重要贡献。多元线性回归分析和多因子相对贡献率量化解析结果表明,热力因子在此次污染过程中起主要作用,方差贡献率为52%,动力因子次之,方差贡献率为34%,而化学转化方差贡献率约为14%,说明气象条件,尤其是热力条件是引起此次污染事件的主要原因。  相似文献   

关中地区大气污染特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

魏俊涛  杨晓春  杜萌萌  白庆梅  白水成 《陕西气象》2022,(1):53-58

基于2014-2018年关中区域西安、咸阳、渭南、铜川、宝鸡等5个主要城市6种大气污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2、CO、NO2、O3)的逐日平均质量浓度和气象探空资料,分析了关中地区大气污染物时空分布特征、重污染过程持续性特征及逆温发生频率.结果表明:关中地区大气污染超标日达31％以上,西安最多为47％,其中颗粒...  相似文献   

Spatial correlations between urbanization and river water pollution in the heavily polluted area of Taihu Lake Basin, China     

赵海霞  段学军  Becky STEWART  尤本胜  蒋晓威 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(4):735-752

Water pollution in the Taihu Lake Basin has been the focus of attention in China and abroad for a long time, due to its position in the forefront of urban development in China. Based on data gathering and processing from 84 monitoring sections in this heavily polluted area, this study first analyzes spatial patterns of urbanization and the distribution of river water pollution, and then uses the GeoDa bivariate spatial autocorrelation model to investigate the spatial correlation between urbanization and river water pollution at the scale of township units. The results show that urbanization has adverse impacts on water pollution, and the influence varies in different levels of development areas. The urban township units have the highest level of urbanization and highest pollution, but the best water quality; the suburban units have lower level of urbanization, but higher pollution and worse water quality; however the rural units have the lowest level of urbanization and lowest pollution, mainly affected by upstream pollution, but worst water quality. Lastly, urban and rural planning committees, while actively promoting the process of development in the region, should gradually resolve the issue of pollution control lagging behind urban life and urban develop- ment, giving priority to construction of centralized sewage treatment facilities and associated pipeline network coverage in the rural areas and suburban areas.  相似文献   

镉米之痛     

刘焕启 《地球》2013,(6)

正"民以食为天,国以粮为本。"我国有7000年有水稻种植历史,是世界上水稻品种最早有文字记录的国家。在我国南方,大米一直是长江流域及其以南地区人民的主粮。然而,就是这种每天饭桌必不可少的主食,最近却被曝出安全隐忧,被推到舆论的风头浪尖。5月16日,广州市食品药品监管  相似文献   

Geochemistry of the High Dam Lake sediments,south Egypt： implications for environmental significance     

Mohamed Abdallah  Gad DARWISH 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(4):544-559

The goal of the present work is to perform a geochemical assessment of High Dam Lake bottom sediments for determining the fate, dispersion and levels of trace elements causing environmental pollution, and provided an access to their probable sources. The sediment samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for 20 elements; Ag, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta Th Ti, T1, U, V and Zr, and their obtained data were treated using statistical, graphical and mapping techniques. The results showed the data set of all analyzed elements affected by outliers and extreme values that caused deviation away from normality. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that median of some trace element levels in Lake sediments, was not significantly different and other elements rejected the Null hypothesis. Most analyzed elements had high values of median and mean in sediments of Lake Nubia rather than Lake Nasser and their normalization gave the same results of calculated environment factors. Subsequently, Lake Nubia sediments possessed high combined EF levels ofTh, Sc, Sn, Ag, Zr, Hf, Ta, Sr, U, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn, causing significant contamination, which was great potentially related to industrial, agricultural, urbanization and mining activities. Whereas, combined EF of Se, Cu, Ga, Pb, Ba, Rb, and Tl, which are highly elevated in southern Lake Nasser sediments owing to their source are great possibly derived from Lake Nubia and geogenic activities. With decreasing distance towards the High Dam body, the contaminant elements were diminished due to reduction in the environmental factors and Sudanese pollution sources leading to the northern Lake Nasser considered to be less contaminated. Overall, the present study is an environmental alert for contaminated sediments that carried contaminants and considered the secondary source of pollution impact on ecosystem, and subsequently, their environmental risk on Human health.  相似文献   

数字     

《地球》2013,(8):6

正3.6亿在我国农村,村民大多是将用手压井直接抽取的浅层地下水作为饮用水源。但地下水污染形势日益严峻,我国农村大约有3.6亿人喝不上符合标准的饮用水。90万2000年时中国有360万个自然村,到2010年,自然村减少到270万个,10年里有90万个村子消失,平均每天有  相似文献   

福建省木兰溪流域浮游植物群落结构特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林施泉  邵晓阳  姜丹  刘成士 《湿地科学》2013,11(1):48-53

于2012年5～6月,对福建省木兰溪流域11个断面的浮游植物群落结构进行了调查研究.研究结果显示,在木兰溪流域,共鉴定到浮游植物6门51属68种.绿藻在种类组成和数量上占绝对优势,有25属36种,占浮游植物总数的41.57％;其次是硅藻,有16属21种,占总数的29.70％;蓝藻有5属6种,占总数的26.96％;其他藻类占1.77％.木兰溪流域内,浮游植物的平均密度为22.28×106个/L;其中,浮游植物的最高密度(49.67× 106个/E)出现在下游木兰陂段,最低密度(6.31×106个/L)出现在上游支流金溪段.水体溶解氧和氨氮含量是影响木兰溪浮游植物群落结构的主要因素.木兰溪浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.7～2.87,Simpson多样性指数为0.73～0.92,Margalef丰富度指数为0.72～2.27,Pielou均匀度指数为0.65～0.86.木兰溪流域下游木兰陂段水体处于中—富营养化污染状态;上游支流苦溪和柴桥头溪水体处于中营养化污染状态;流域的其他水体处于贫—中营养化污染状态.  相似文献   

基于Matlab的断裂带温泉水地球化学特征及地震活动性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伍剑波  张慧  苏鹤军  李晨桦 《地震工程学报》2013,35(2):354-359

基于Matlab开发出地下流体分析软件,对比分析了甘肃西秦岭北缘的武山、街子和清水温泉水化学组分特征;初步分析了温泉水水质类型、补给来源、水-岩平衡状态以及循环深度,并讨论了温泉水深循环对地震活动性的影响.研究表明温泉水均为大气降水成因,其水化特征受围岩的控制作用;清水温泉水的成熟度没有武山和街子温泉水高.地下水循环深度较浅的武山温泉和街子温泉水化类型属于Na-HCO3·SO4·Cl,所处断裂的地震活动频繁;地下水循环深度较深的清水温泉水化类型属于Na-SO4·Cl,所处断裂的地震活动性弱.  相似文献