真空联合堆载预压法作用机理及其应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨顺安  吴建中 《地质科技情报》2000,19(3):77-80

沿海地区海相沉积的软土地基加固以排水固结为主要方法,但随着工程要求的提高,加固方法也不断发展经体的综合讨论了真空联合堆载预压法的基本原理,加固特点与效果,该法利用真空预压法与堆载预压法加固效果可以叠加的原理,在超软基上可以获得较真空预压法更大的预压荷重,获得更佳的加固效果,同时结合一些工程应用实例具体分析了真空联合堆载预压法的应用效果与发展前景。  相似文献   

Optimum combination of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection in coal-accumulated basin of North China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WU Qiang  DONG Donglin  SHI Zhanhua  WU Xiong  SUN Weidong  YE Guijun  LI Shuwen  LIU Jintao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(2):122-131

The conflict among water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection is getting more and more serious due to the irrational drainage and exploitation of ground water resources in coal-accumulated basins of North China. Efficient solutions to the conflict are to maintain long-term dynamic balance between input and output of the ground water basins, and to try to improve resourcification of the mine water. All solutions must guarantee the eco-environment quality. This paper presents a new idea of optimum combination of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection so as to solve the problem of unstable mine water supply, which is caused by the changeable water drainage for the whole combination system. Both the management of hydraulic techniques and constraints in economy, society, ecology, environment, industrial structural adjustments and sustainable developments have been taken into account. Since the traditional and separate management of different departments of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection is broken up, these departments work together to avoid repeated geological survey and specific evaluation calculations so that large amount of national investment can be saved and precise calculation for the whole system can be obtained. In the light of the conflict of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection in a typical sector in Jiaozuo coal mine, a case study puts forward an optimum combination scheme, in which a maximum economic benefit objective is constrained by multiple factors. The scheme provides a very important scientific base for finding a sustainable development strategy.  相似文献   

黄河流域地下水资源开发利用与潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈德华  秦毅苏  王昭 《地理与地理信息科学》2000,16(2):48-52

论述黄河流域地下水资源利用和开采潜力 ,以及其环境地质问题 ,对黄河流域水资源必须合理规划 ,强化管理 ,提高水资源利用率。  相似文献   

Groundwater resources development in hard rock terrain - an approach using remote sensing and GIS techniques     

Jagannathan Krishnamurthy  Arul Mani  Venkatakrishnan Jayaraman  M Manivel 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2000,2(3-4)

To demonstrate the capabilities of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques for groundwater resources development in hard rock terrains, specifically for the demarcation of suitable sites for artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers, a study was carried out in the Kallar Basin, which is located in parts of the Salem and Tiruchirapalli districts, Tamil Nadu, India. Thematic maps defining lithology, lineaments, landforms, landuse, drainage density, thickness of weathered zone, thickness of fractured zone, hydrological soils, and well yield were prepared from data collected by the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) -1C and by conventional methods. All the thematic layers were integrated using a GIS-based model developed specifically for this purpose, enabling a map showing artificial recharge zones to be generated. The exact type of artificial recharge structure, eg, check dam, nallabund, gully plugging and percolation pond, suitable for replenishing groundwater was identified by superposing a drainage network map over an artificial recharge zones map. The GIS-based demarcation of artificial zones developed in the study was based on logical conditions and reasoning, so that the same techniques (with appropriate modifications) could be adopted elsewhere, especially in hard rock terrain, where the occurrence of groundwater is restricted and subject to greater complexity.  相似文献   

An overview of the surface and near-surface geology, geomorphology and natural resources of Kuwait     

J. Reference to Al-Sulaimi  A. Reference to Mukhopadhyay   《Earth》2000,50(3-4):227-267

The surface and near-surface geology, geomorphology and natural resources of Kuwait have been reviewed based on the published work. The stratigraphy and structure of the near-surface sediments of Kuwait have been mainly controlled by the Tertiary tectonic activity of the Arabian Shield. The shield started separating from the African mainland by the close of the Eocene and drifted northeastward towards the Asian plate, giving rise to the folding and thrusting of the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The tectonic activity superimposed a northwest–southeast trend over an earlier north–south structural trend, and gave rise to parallel ridges and valleys trending northwest–southeast through differential erosion. It has been possible to identify 15 geomorphic zones and 11 morphostructures from analysis of the surface features of Kuwait. Seven of these morphostructures can be attributed to tectonic processes and two to fluvial processes. It has not been possible, however, to explain satisfactorily the origin of the Jal Az-Zor escarpment or the Ad-Dalmaniyah cliff. The whole of Kuwait can be divided into seven drainage zones. Of these, the internal drainage systems of the Ar-Raudhatain-Umm Al-Aish drainage system and the Ad-Dibdibba drainage system are hydrogeologically most important. The clastic deposits of Kuwait Group sediments, often affected by low-temperature carbonate (calcite and dolomite) and sulfate (gypsum) precipitation, form the surface rock of Kuwait. These are covered by recent aeolian and residual deposits; playa deposits in the enclosed basins; and near the coast, oolitic sediments, beach sands and sabkha deposits. The surface and near-surface deposits of Kuwait contain important reserves of construction sand and gravel as well as the only naturally occurring freshwater reserves of the country. An understanding of the nature of these surface deposits is required for the management of environmental issues like sand encroachment, land-use planning, and soil and groundwater pollution.  相似文献   

云南哀牢山地区化探异常分布规律及找矿意义     

戚东平  李麦兑 《黄金地质》2000,6(2):66-69

云南哀牢山地区地质条件复杂,矿产丰富。１：５万化探分散流圈定的Ａｕ异常,因地质体的不同,异常特征各异。以哀牢山地区已知金矿地质地球化学特征为依据,划分了３类不同地质体控制的Ａｕ异常,在此基础上提出了地质找矿远景区。  相似文献   

What factors control mechanical erosion rates?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. G. A. Harrison 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,88(4):752-763

Mechanical erosion rates are important factors in understanding how continents evolve. Mechanical erosion is much faster than chemical erosion, especially for highly elevated regions of the Earth's surface. It is a principal way in which mountain ranges are removed, exposing deep metamorphic roots, which comprise much of the older portions of the continental masses. In addition, there has to be a long-term balance between erosion and mountain building. A new data set allows us to explore in greater detail some of the many factors which control mechanical erosion rates. The most important factors are some expression of the average slope of a drainage basin, some measurement of the amount of water available for erosion, some environmental measurements, and also a measurement of basin length, for which we have no good explanation. The estimate of global mechanical erosion rate obtained here is considerably lower than those obtained by some other workers, some of whom have concentrated on the fact that smaller river basins tend to get eroded faster than larger basins, and it is mainly smaller basins which have not been measured and which are therefore not allowed for by simple arithmetic averaging of observed erosion rates. It is shown here that although smaller basins are eroded faster, this is mainly because they are steeper than larger basins. We also show that extrapolation of current data to smaller basins does not work because the observed continental area which is draining to the ocean cannot be attained by the simplest extrapolation scheme. Received: 23 October 1998 / Accepted: 29 June 1999  相似文献   

Speciation of Trace Elements in Acidic PoreWaters from Waste Rock Dumps by Ultrafiltration andIon Exchange Combined with ICPMS and ICPOES     

Alexander Pleßow  Hartmut Heinrichs 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2000,6(3):347-366

A speciation procedure developed on reactive acidicpore water samples from mining areas is presented.Methods with low consumption of solution are requiredthat allow rapid sample preparation to avoid equilibriumchanges as far as possible. The entire procedure includesonly three parallel separation steps. One aliquot is filteredthrough an 1 kd ultrafiltration membrane to separate traceelements adsorbed or complexed by colloids. One cationand one anion exchange are performed with two additionalaliquots to determine simple hydrated ions and smallinorganic complex ions. Commonly used procedures ofion exchange seem to be problematic. This new techniqueis based on a novel ion exchanger. Subsequently the threefractions obtained from the separation procedures and theoriginal pore water sample are analysed by ICPMS, ICPOES,ET-AAS, Flame-AAS, FES and IC to determine the concentrationsof the major ions and additionally up to 50 trace elements. Theinfluence of pH-values and several dissolved compounds iscontrolled in experiment series with synthetically preparedsolutions to reveal potential artifacts.  相似文献   

Simulation of groundwater drainage into a tunnel in fractured rock and numerical analysis of leakage remediation, Romeriksporten tunnel, Norway   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

N.-O. Kitterød  H. Colleuille  W. Wong  T. Pedersen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(5):480-493

Standard geostatistical methods for simulation of heterogeneity were applied to the Romeriksporten tunnel in Norway, where water was leaking through high-permeable fracture zones into the tunnel while it was under construction, causing drainage problems on the surface. After the tunnel was completed, artificial infiltration of water into wells drilled from the tunnel was implemented to control the leakage. Synthetic heterogeneity was generated at a scale sufficiently small to simulate the effects of remedial actions that were proposed to control the leakage. The flow field depends on the variance of permeabilities and the covariance model used to generate the heterogeneity. Flow channeling is the most important flow mechanism if the variance of the permeability field is large compared to the expected value. This condition makes the tunnel leakage difficult to control. The main effects of permeability changes due to sealing injection are simulated by a simple perturbation of the log-normal probability density function of the permeability. If flow channeling is the major transport mechanism of water into the tunnel, implementation of artificial infiltration of water to control the leakage requires previous chemical-sealing injection to be successful. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

西北干旱区全新世气候变化的湖泊有机质碳同位素记录--以石羊河流域三角城为例   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14  

张成君  陈发虎  施祺  孙维贞  唐富荣 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2000,20(4):93-97

对我国河西走廊东端西北内陆干旱区与东部季风区交汇带的石羊河流域三角城古湖泊剖面进行了有机质碳同位素组成、有机碳和碳酸盐含量, 重建了西北干旱区全新世古气候高分辨变化模式。分析结果表明有机质碳同位素组成能灵敏地反映该区湖相地层记录的古气候特征,是一个较好的古气候替代指标。在湿湿期,湖泊水体扩大,生产力高,沉积物中有机物主要是沉水植物供给,δ^13Corg偏重;在干冷期,湖泊水体减小,沉积物中有机质以挺水植物为主,植被不发育,沉积物中有机质含量低,δ^13Corg偏轻。全新世气候演化主要分为4个主要阶段;暖湿期（约10000－5000aB.P.)、温湿期（约5000－3800aB.P.)、凉湿期（约3800－2600aB.P.)、干旱期（约2600aB.P.至今）,各阶段中气候快速变化明显。该区的古气候演化与同处于我国东部季风西北边缘的相邻地区有一定的可比,也具有自身的区域特色。  相似文献