冻结作用下考虑补水层影响的水分迁移试验     

翟金榜  芮大虎  张军  李国玉  伊藤譲 《冰川冻土》2019,41(6):1406-1413

冻融协同淋洗修复污染土壤的过程中,为了提高淋洗效率,须使土体在冻结过程中吸收更多的水分或淋洗液。因此,通过室内大尺寸单向冻结水分迁移试验,开展了开放系统下温度梯度、冻结速率及补水方式对水分迁移的影响研究。试验结果表明：冻结过程中土中水分迁移与温度梯度的变化速率有关,变化速率越大水分迁移量越大;可以通过边界温度控制冻结锋面推移速度进而影响土中水分的迁移,当冻结锋面推移速度为0.5 cm·d^-1左右时,补水速率最大;距离冻结锋面越近水分迁移量越大,当距离冻结锋面10 cm左右时,水分迁移量开始增大,可通过在土体中添加多层补水层的方式让土体吸收更多的水分;有外界水源的补给下土体含水量整体增加,但上层土体含水量增加较多,下层土体含水量增加较少。  相似文献   

Água Bonita pull apart basin and its relationship to Transbrasiliano Lineament     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2019

The Transbrasiliano Lineament (TBL), a NE-SW trending strike slip system at least 2700 km long, is one of the main structures of the South American Platform. This lineament, along with other structures, influenced greatly the installation and depositional history of the Paraná and Parnaíba sedimentary basins. The Água Bonita Basin (ABB) occurs at an intermediate position between both basins. This work aims to provide information on the origin and evolution of the Água Bonita Basin, considered a Silurian-Devonian basin, as well as its relationship with the Transbrasiliano Lineament.Geological, aero and ground geophysics data were used to determine a structural geological model for the ABB located in the Brasilia Fold Belt in the Tocantins tectonic province. The airborne geophysical magnetic data used in the study were acquired in the 1970s by the existing 147 ground gravity stations in addition to the 498 new ground gravity and geodetic stations that were added to the existing ones.The analysis of the outcrops allowed identifying the sedimentary facies associations providing new information on the depositional environments. The compilation of existing data, satellite images analysis, geological maps and shaded relief provided an integrated model for the study area.A geological model was proposed for the ABB based on the interpretation, integration, depth analysis and 2D gravity forward modeling according to a theoretical model for an extensional duplex in a strike slip system with flower structures. We observed several segmented gravity anomalies, which were interpreted as steps/faults. This interpretation is consistent with a pull apart basin. According to the depth data estimated by this model, the maximum thickness of the Água Bonita Formation is 1.6 km and 2.4 km for the precursor rift. The basin has two dextral faults on each border, whose main fault of the TBL strike slip system and the master fault controlling the ABB are observed on the east border of the rift phase. Lineaments perpendicular to the west edge, in addition to those crossing the ABB in the N65E, delineate peculiar magnetic, gravity and geological signatures in the northern part of the basin. The basin is located in the weak region of the TBL and its main eastern fault is dipping sub-vertically to the west. This fault modeled up to the 8 km depth using the gravity data, was also observed in the Tilt Angle of the Total Horizontal Gradient (TAHG) matched filter grid result at approximately 8 km, however this may not be this fault maximum depth.Three main sedimentary-tectonic stages were observed, (i) a Pre-Devonian precursor rift present in the Água Bonita Basin and Jaibaras Group; (ii) the sag stage developed during the Devonian, when the Paleozoic basins of Paraná, Parnaíba and Água Bonita Basin were connected evidenced by the sedimentary facies and similar thicknesses; and (iii) the Pos-devonian rocks that are probably not preserved in the Água Bonita Basin.  相似文献   

Present Terrestrial Heat Flow Measurements of the Geothermal Fields in the Chagan Sag of the YingenEjinaqi Basin,Inner Mongolia,China     

FENG Renpeng  ZUO Yinhui  YANG Meihu  ZHANG Jiong  LIU Zhi  ZHOU Yongshui  HAO Qingqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(2):283-296

Owing to the lack o f terrestrial heat flow data, studying lithospheric thermal structure and geodynamics of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin in Inner Mongolia is limited. In this paper, the terrestrial heat flow o f the Chagan sag in the YingenEjinaqi Basin were calculated by 193 system steady-state temperature measurements of 4 wells, and newly measuring 62 rock thermal conductivity and 20 heat production rate data on basis o f the original 107 rock thermal conductivity and 70 heat production data. The results show that the average thermal conductivity and heat production rate are 2.11 ±0.28 W/(m.K) and2.42±0.25 nW/m~3 in the Lower Cretaceous o f the Chagan sag. The average geothermal gradient from the Lower Suhongtu 2 Formation to the Suhongtu 1 Fonnation is 37.6 °C/km, and that o f the Bayingebi 2 Formation is 27.4 °C/km. Meanwhile, the average terrestrial heat flow in the Chagan sag is 70.6 mW/m~2. On the above results, it is clear that there is an obvious negative correlation between the thermal conductivity o f the stratum and its geothermal gradient. Moreover, it reveals that there is a geothermal state between tectonically stable and active areas. This work may provide geothermal parameters for further research o f lithospheric thermal structure and geodynamics in the Chagan sag.  相似文献   

顾及梯度的高斯混合模型在三维属性场空间聚类中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

张宝一  陆浩  杨莉  李雪峰  黄岸烁  王丽芳  吴湘滨 《地质找矿论丛》2019,34(3):460-470

针对高斯混合模型(GMM)在空间聚类中由于忽视目标对象之间的空间关联性而导致的高误判率等问题,本文提出了一种顾及梯度的高斯混合模型:GMM-G,并将其应用在三维属性场的空间聚类中。GMM-G用反映标量场最大属性变化方向的梯度因子来定义邻域规则,设定梯度正交平面所通过的邻域体元更倾向于与中心体元归属于相同或相近的类别;并据此设计了符合归一性和空间连续性的空间邻域信息函数,来定义中心体元属于各类别的具有空间领域规则约束的后验概率。通过对由蒙特卡洛随机抽样构建的实验场的空间聚类结果进行对比表明,相对GMM方法,GMM-G具有更优的聚类精度及效率。最后,把GMM-G方法用于红透山铜矿区可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三维视电阻率场的空间聚类,得到了与已知岩性划分具有较高匹配度的分类结果,该方法可为物性属性场的岩性划分及地质推断提供相关的依据和参考。  相似文献   

位场归一化差分法的边界检测技术     

王彦国  张凤旭  王祝文  孟令顺  张瑾 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(2):592-602

针对常规位场数据处理存在场源边界定位精度低和识别能力差的问题,提出了识别边界位置的归一化差分法。根据x、y、z 3个方向的差分算子与构造边界位置位场异常特征间的关系,给出了突出异常梯级带的n阶归一化差分表达式。单体模型试验表明：z方向和经90°相移的x、y方向的一阶差分可以对模型体边界位置的异常梯级带进行紧缩;一阶归一化差分的异常等值线较为集中地分布在模型体边界位置,说明对边界有一定的识别能力,但精度稍低。为此,采用二阶差分进行进一步试算。结果表明:3个方向的二阶差分在一阶差分的基础上进一步增强了对边界的识别能力,而且二阶归一化差分的异常梯度带与模型边界位置具有良好的一致性。含噪声组合模型重力异常对比分析表明：与常规边界识别方法相比,差分半径较小的二阶归一化差分对地质体的边界识别能力强、定位精度高;差分半径较大的二阶归一化差分在一定程度上可以解决噪声干扰的问题,且等值线梯级带可以相对地突出大型地质体的边界。在实例应用中,归一化差分法检测出了黑龙江虎林盆地28条断裂,其中13条断裂通过盆地已有单元构造格局和DB1线电阻率剖面得到了证实。  相似文献   

Topographic characteristics for the geomorphologic zones in the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Wei-ming Cheng  Shang-min Zhao  Cheng-hu Zhou  Xi Chen 《山地科学学报》2013,10(6):1039-1049

Based on geomorphologic and digital elevation model （DEM） data, the topographic characteristics of the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are analyzed. Five representative peaks are first determined according to the topographic profile maps for the ridge and piedmont lines, and then the topographic gradient characteristics are analyzed according to the representative topographic profile acquisition method. Based on the geomorphologic database data, the regions between the ridge and the piedmont lines are divided into four geomorphologic zones; and the topographic characteristics are finally analyzed for the different geomorphologic zones regions using the DEM data. The research results show that from the piedmont to the ridge, there exist four geomorphologic zones： arid, fluvial, periglacial and glacial. The arid has the lowest elevation, topographic gradient, relief and slope characteristics. The fluvial has lower elevation and the highest topographic gradient, but with lower relief and slope characteristics. With higher elevation, the periglcial has lower topographic gradient, but the highest relief and slope characteristics. The glacial has the highest elevation with higher topographic gradient, relief and slope characteristics.  相似文献   

低渗透油藏七点井网的有效动用程度     

王军磊  周明旺  罗二辉  韩海水 《东北石油大学学报》2013,(2):102-106,117,11

为表征剩余油的分布规律,以及井网后期加密调整提供理论参考,利用叠加原理,求解考虑启动压力梯度的七点井网稳态压力方程,用压力公式推导流函数模拟井网单元间的流线分布.结果表明:考虑启动压力梯度时井网单元内存在流体流动区和不动区,定义为流动面积与井网单元面积比值的有效动用因数随储层参数变化而变化,启动压力梯度越大,有效动用程度越低,增加储层有效渗透率(如酸化、压裂)、增大注采压差和缩小注采井距能提高有效动用因数;储层物性较差时,缩小井距是提高有效动用因数的有效方式,储层物性较好时增大生产压差效果更好.  相似文献   

激发极化法在内蒙古阿荣旗矿产远景调查中的应用     

赵维俊  闫国磊  徐英奎  高飞  金鑫  孙中任 《地质与资源》2012,21(5):474-477

激发极化法是寻找硫化物金属矿床的一种有效方法,被广泛应用于矿产勘查中.在内蒙古阿荣旗矿产远景调查中,运用时间域激发极化法,通过激电中梯扫面测量后,绘制视电阻率与视极化率等值线平面图,迅速地圈定激电异常.依据地质与化探调查结果,选择其中3个激电异常区做激电测深.通过对激电测深数据反演,得到极化率与电阻率断面图,确定了潜在矿（化）体的形态.  相似文献   

核磁共振测井在火成岩地层应用的适应性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

司马立强  赵辉  戴诗华 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(1):145-152

火成岩岩石具有高磁化率特征,与沉积岩差别明显,岩石的高磁化率会对核磁共振信号产生显著影响,开展核磁共振测井在火成岩地层应用的适应性分析研究,为广泛使用核磁共振测井用于火成岩储层评价提供参考.采用理论模拟、实验分析及实际测井资料相结合的方法,分析了高磁化率岩石的核磁共振响应特征.分析结果表明,火成岩岩石具有很高的磁化率,从酸性火成岩到基性火城岩,岩石的磁化率一般是逐渐增大的.高磁化率岩石孔隙内部会产生强梯度磁场,孔隙内部的磁场梯度越强,核磁共振的T2谱前移越明显,核磁信号衰减幅度也越大,核磁分析孔隙度与常规分析的孔隙度误差也越大;相同岩石磁化率情况下,岩石孔径越小,岩石孔隙内部磁场梯度越强,核磁信号衰减越大,核磁共振测井计算的孔隙度也越低.因此,核磁共振测井与岩性有关系,核磁共振测井会受到高磁化率岩石的显著影响.核磁共振测井在部分火成岩,尤其在中基性火成岩和小孔径火成岩储层中应用具有很大的局限性.  相似文献   

基于改进的小子域滤波的重力异常及重力梯度张量边缘增强(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋甫玉  高丽坤 《应用地球物理》2012,9(2):119-130,233

针对利用重磁资料增强地质体边界在图像中的视觉效果和提高地质解译的准确性问题,提出应用改进的小子域滤波方法对重力异常及重力梯度张量数据进行增强处理。根据滑动窗口子域平均选择原理,探讨了改进的小子域滤波方法在位场异常数据含有高斯白噪声时,不同窗口大小对地质体边界的识别效果及其在具有不同边界延伸方向地质体中的应用效果。模型试验结果表明,利用改进的小子域滤波对重力梯度张量数据进行增强处理,得到的地质体边界形态失真更小,且受滤波窗口大小、噪声以及地质体边界方向的影响较小;对深部场源体,通过增大滤波窗口的方式,可以较好地反映深部场源体的边界。结合黑龙江省虎林盆地重力异常以及计算的重力梯度张量的处理实例表明改进的小子域滤波法较传统的小子域滤波法增强了对断裂水平位置信息的识别。  相似文献