山东岩溶地貌特征及其形成演化分析     

韦跃龙  蒋忠诚  陈伟海  罗书文  李成展  吴华英  罗劬侃 《地球学报》2020,41(4):561-574

山东,既发育着崮群、海岸等具有山东特色的岩溶地貌形态,也发育着泉群、长垣状山体、干谷等中国北方及温带岩溶地貌的典型形态,还发育着洞穴群、漏斗、洼地、峡谷等常见的岩溶地貌形态;它们以寒武系和奥陶系为主的可溶性地层为物质基础,或呈线状,或呈面状,或呈点状分布于众多规模、形态不一,且彼此独立的岩溶孤岛内,是崮群、泉群、洞穴群和海岸等岩溶地貌的典型集中发育区,是展现崮、泉自然美景最杰出的代表地之一。同时在对区域地质地理背景进行分析和研究的基础上,按区域气候特征将山东岩溶地貌划分为半干旱、半湿润、海岸性3类暖温带岩溶地貌区,并系统研究和探讨了山东岩溶"离散型孤岛式"的形成演化过程,认为它是一个能充分展现中国北方及全球温带岩溶地貌复杂演化过程和规律的杰出范例。  相似文献   

晋祠泉域岩溶水生态系统健康评价     

陆帅帅  郑秀清  李旭强  陈军锋  张永波  臧红飞 《中国岩溶》2020,39(1):34-41

文章尝试性地提出岩溶水生态系统的概念,从系统的特征、功能和面临的威胁三方面论述了其内涵,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)模型,综合考虑自然因素和人类活动叠加影响,构建了岩溶水生态系统健康评价指标体系;用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,用综合评价法确定岩溶水生态系统所处健康状态,并将其分为很健康、健康、亚健康、不健康和病态五级。并以晋祠泉域为例,采用ArcGIS空间分析技术确定岩溶水生态系统健康评价等级。结果表明:泉域煤矿开采区处于不健康状态,东部平原区和中部径流区均处于亚健康状态,碳酸盐岩裸露区和汾河周边区域处于健康状态,分别占晋祠泉域总面积的29%、31%和40%。  相似文献   

基于时间序列分形的济南岩溶大泉动态研究     

于苗  邢立亭  吴吉春  侯玉松  朱恒华  彭玉明  李罡 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2509-2519

为研究岩溶大泉动态变化的影响机制，以济南泉域为例，根据2003年关闭地下水供水水源地以来趵突泉及黑虎泉的泉水位、泉域内降水量、地下水开采及人工补源资料，采用分形理论中时间序列分形维数法，计算各要素数据序列分维值及稳定性指数，结果表明:旬尺度下泉水位分维值大于月尺度下泉水位分维值；奥陶系灰岩分布区雨量站降水量分维值较小，但奥陶系灰岩降水入渗补给条件好，因此与泉群的水位波动关系更为密切。各泉水位影响因素中，人工补源因素的稳定性最差，极易受外界因素干扰发生改变。利用灰色关联度验证分析表明降水量、人工开采量、人工补源量与趵突泉泉水位的关联度分别为0. 858、0. 647、0. 667，与黑虎泉泉水位的关联度分别为0. 859、0. 646、0. 668；关联度总体排序为:降水量>人工补源量>人工开采量，说明2003年以来影响泉水位动态的首要因素是大气降水并非人工开采，即泉水动态主控因素发生转变。在分析了泉域资源量的演化基础上，对各影响因素的分维值与泉水位动态分维值进行回归分析认为，为保持泉水持续喷涌奥陶系灰岩分布区更适宜作为泉水人工补源地带。研究结果为济南岩溶大泉的保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Spring water table depth mediates within-site variation of soil temperature in groundwater-fed mires     

Michal Horsák  Veronika Horsáková  Marek Polášek  Radovan Coufal  Petra Hájková  Michal Hájek 《水文研究》2021,35(7):e14293

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems represent globally rare edaphic islands of scattered distribution, often forming areas of regionally unique environmental conditions. A stable groundwater supply is a key parameter defining their ecological specificity, promoting also soil thermal buffering. Still, a limited number of studies dealt with the importance of water temperature in mire ecosystems and virtually no data exist on within-site variation in the temperature buffer effect. Three temperature dataloggers, placed in patches potentially differing in groundwater supply, were installed in each of 19 Western Carpathian spring mire sites from May 2019 to July 2020. Spring source plots statistically differed in water temperature parameters from the plots located towards the spring mire margin, which did not significantly differ from one another. At the majority of sites, the temperature values changed gradually from spring source to mire margins, fitting the pattern expected in the groundwater temperature buffering scenario. Dataloggers placed in the spring sources were the most distinctive from the others in thermal buffering parameters in conditional principal component analysis. The difference between the spring source and its margin was on average 3.25 °C for 95th percentile of the recorded water temperature data points (i.e. warm extremes) and 1.91 °C for 5th percentile (i.e. cold extremes). This suggests that if the temperature at spring source area is considered, thermal buffering within a site may mitigate mainly warm extremes. Thus, our data may provide an important baseline for predictions of possibly upcoming changes in spring mire hydrology caused by climate change. Both warming and precipitation decrease can give rise to the loss or substantial reduction of buffering effect if the contrasting parameters now recorded at the central part shift to those found towards the margins of groundwater-fed areas.  相似文献   

西藏沃卡地堑地下热水水文地球化学特征及其形成机制     

章旭  郝红兵  刘康林  毛武林  肖尧  张文 《中国地质》2020,47(6):1702-1714

通过沃卡地堑盆地地下热水水文地球化学特征研究，进行热储温度、补给高程计算，建立沃卡地堑地下热水系统中-高温地热概念模型。结果表明，沃卡温泉为中偏碱性水，溶解性总固体较低，水化学类型主要为SO₄-Na型、SO₄·Cl-Na型、HCO₃·SO₄-Na型。热水水文地球化学特征表明，沃卡盆地地下热水系统具有大气降水补给、浅循环地下水的特征，热水以深部熔融体为热源，受控于沃卡半隐伏控热断裂构造，但受裂隙潜水或地表冷水的混合作用，其Na-K-Mg平衡图表现为部分平衡或混合水。利用混合模型对热储真实温度进行估算，得到热储的温度范围为120~200℃，冷水混入比例为70%~83%。  相似文献   

温泉旅游地特性及空间竞争分析--以从化新旧温泉为例   总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25  

王冠贤  保继刚 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(6):83-87,122

温泉是一种异类资源替代性弱而同类资源替代性强的旅游资源,因而温泉旅游地开发的模式易呈现同质化的趋势,旅游地空间竞争异常剧烈。文章主要从温泉旅游地的特性研究出发,通过对邻近温泉旅游地的空间竞争的特征分析,探讨温泉旅游地在不同层面资源竞争的一般规律,以促进温泉旅游地空间竞争的良性循环。  相似文献   

陕西秦岭翠华山泉水化学成分研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵景波  肖军  李瑜琴  岳应利  刘再华 《第四纪研究》2005,25(5):568-573

为了研究泉水化学成分特点和在一年内的变化,文章利用pH-电导率自动记录仪对陕西秦岭翠华山地区两处泉水化学成分进行了每月2次的观测,并进行了水化学分析。翠华山泉水中HCO-3含量在76.27～152.55mg/L之间,Ca_²⁺含量在14.48～26.92mg/L之间,Mg²⁺含量在4.46～4.89mg/L之间,K⁺含量在0.60～2.75mg/L之间,Na⁺含量在0.93～1.09mg/L之间,这些成分的特点是含量低。泉水pH值在6.98～5.69之间,夏秋季低于该区雨水的pH值,具酸性特征,这是该区地层主要由片麻岩构成决定的。从1月到11月,水秋池村泉水pH值和电导率呈现由大到小再到大的变化规律,引起这种变化的主要原因是夏秋季土壤CO₂含量比冬春季高,泉水在夏秋季流动过程中吸收了较多的CO₂。翠华湖西泉水pH值和Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺,Na⁺离子含量比水秋池泉水高,从1月到11月Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺,Na⁺离子含量变化与水秋池泉水变化相反,这应当是两个泉水的来源不同或在流动过程中遇到了酸碱性不同的土层和地层造成的。翠华山地区泉水化学成分变化是易于观测到的规律性很强的变化。  相似文献   

福州市温泉区地面沉降分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

樊秀峰  吴振祥  简文彬 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(2):89-92

地面沉降是在自然和人为因素作用下,由于地壳表层土体压缩而导致区域性地面标高降低的一种环境地质灾害现象,是一种难以补偿的永久性环境和资源损失。福州市温泉区存在大面积沉降现象,给经济发展、城市建设和人民生活带来极大威胁。本文对温泉区地面沉降影响因素、地面沉降现状及表现形式以及与地下热水的相关关系进行了分析,指出地下热水开采与地面沉降在时间、空间分布上存在极好的相关性．过量开采是导致地面沉降的直接诱因,最后提出防治措施。  相似文献   

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何案华  汪成国  李晓东  高守权  赵刚  邹广 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(1):51-54

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Mechanism of Salt Contamination of Karstic Springs Related to the Messinian Deep Stage. The Speleological Model of Port Miou (France)     

《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-3):15-28

Submarine karstic springs are frequent on the Mediterranean shore but most of them are brackish which prohibits their use. The numerous attempts to catch these springs ended in failure. Recent studies on the development of karst systems and the paleogeography of the Mediterranean sea explain these failures. Studies on the shores of south-eastern France have enabled us to propose an operating model that explains the mechanism of salt contamination.

The Port Miou system (Cassis, France) is a two kilometers long submarine gallery developped in the limestone series of Calanques (Marseille, France). The average discharge is between 2 to 5 m3/s but the water is brackish. In the 70's a dam was built to prevent sea intrusion in the cave but the water remained brackish upstream of the dam. The use of helium, and then rebreathers by cave divers, made it possible to explore a vertical pit down to -179 m below the sea level at the end of the cave. At that depth, the water is still brackish.

Important quantity of titanium was observed at the surface of the cave sediment upstream of the dam and at the end of the cave. The titanium comes from the residual product of a factory of alumina that is discharged in the Cassidaigne submarine canyon, at a depth of 300 m b.s.l., a few kilometers south to the spring. This residual product locally called «red mud» is very rich in titanium. This supports the model of a sea water aspiration in a deep gallery connected to the canyon. The Cassidaigne canyon that cuts a limestone plateau with dolines and caves is probably a pocket valley. Its presence is related to the several stages of lowering of the Mediterranean sea at the Messinian Deep Stage that allowed the existence of cave networks up to several hundreds of meters below the present sea level. The sea water is now sucked into the system.

A similar example exists in Kefalonia island (Greece) where a sea intrusion is observed in coastal sinkholes. This model explains why the different attempts to diminish the salinity of these brackish springs, by construction of dams close to the outlets, have failed.  相似文献