On the stability relationships between tidal asymmetry and morphologies of tidal basins and estuaries          下载免费PDF全文

Zeng Zhou  Giovanni Coco  Ian Townend  Zheng Gong  Zhengbing Wang  Changkuan Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1943-1959

Simple stability relationships are practically useful to provide a rapid assessment of coastal and estuarine landforms in response to human interventions and long‐term climate change. In this contribution, we review a variety of simple stability relationships which are based on the analysis of tidal asymmetry (TA). Most of the existing TA‐based stability relationships are derived using the one‐dimensional tidal flow equations assuming a certain regular shape of the tidal channel cross‐sections. To facilitate analytical solutions, specific assumptions inevitably need to be made, for example by linearizing the friction term and dropping some negligible terms in the tidal flow equations. We find that three major types of TA‐based stability relationships have been proposed between three non‐dimensional channel geometric ratios (represented by the ratio of channel widths, ratio of wet surface areas and ratio of storage volumes) and the tide‐related parameter a/h (i.e. the ratio between tidal amplitude and mean water depth). Based on established geometric relations, we use these non‐dimensional ratios to restate the existing relationships so that they are directly comparable. Available datasets are further extended to examine the utility of these TA‐based relationships. Although a certain agreement is shown for these relationships, we also observe a large scatter of data points which are collected in different types of landscape, hydrodynamic and sedimentological settings over the world. We discuss in detail the potential reasons for this large scatter and subsequently elaborate on the limited applicability of the various TA‐based stability relationships for practical use. We highlight the need to delve further into what constitutes equilibrium and what is needed to develop more robust measures to determine the morphological state of these systems. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3D stability of unsaturated soil slopes with tension cracks under steady infiltrations     

Long Wang  Wei Hu  De'an Sun  Lin Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(6):1184-1206

Most classical approaches for evaluating the stability of soil slopes with cracks are performed under two-dimensional (2D) condition. Three-dimensional (3D) effect and suction-induced effect of unsaturated soils are generally neglected in assessing the slope stability. This paper develops a 3D limit analysis method to evaluate the stability of an unsaturated soil slope with tension cracks under steady infiltrations. The boundary-value problem is formulated based on the 3D rotational failure mechanism by taking the effects of suction, effective unit weight, and tension crack into account. A simplified method is proposed to calculate the work rate of unsaturated soil weight. A layer-wise summation method is developed based on the divergence theorem to calculate the internal energy dissipation rate. Detailed discussions are conducted to investigate the effects of suction and Poisson's ratio on the stability of unsaturated soil slopes. Examples are given to illustrate the 3D effect, the suction-induced effect as well as the effects of infiltration and water in cracks on the slope stability.  相似文献   

近200 a来云南阳宗海摇蚊群落多样性及稳定性变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑文秀  王荣  张恩楼  曹艳敏  孔德平 《湖泊科学》2018,30(3):847-856

云南省拥有丰富的生物多样性,其生态系统稳定性对于发挥生态系统服务功能十分重要,但近几十年以来的人类活动以及气候变化带来的干扰削弱了该区域的生态系统功能.本文以阳宗海为研究对象,探讨了1820s—2006年间人类活动背景下摇蚊群落多样性和稳定性的变化过程,并进一步探讨阳宗海摇蚊群落多样性与稳定性之间的关系.利用沉积物中的营养指标(总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量和TOC/TN摩尔比)及摇蚊分别重建了湖泊营养变化及摇蚊群落物种丰富度、均匀度、相似度和稳定性(ar1),利用PCA第1轴代表摇蚊群落以检测突变点.研究发现摇蚊群落组成与湖泊营养变化有较好的一致性,二者在1990年左右发生突变,物种丰富度、均匀度和相似度指数分别在1950s、1990s初以及1970s初升高,说明摇蚊群落组成逐渐多样化,种属分布更加均匀.通过检测发现摇蚊群落稳定性在1960s初开始降低,比湖泊系统突变提前30 a左右.摇蚊群落的物种丰富度、均匀度以及稳定性指标伴随着湖泊外源营养物质输入比例增加而升高,群落多样性与稳定性之间的相关性分析表明群落稳定性随物种丰富度的升高而降低.  相似文献   

Stability analysis of seismic slopes with cracks     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

Earthquakes can trigger slope instability, especially in the case of slopes with cracks. Studies of slope stability rarely account for the presence of cracks. In this study, the upper bound limit analysis technique and the pseudo-static method were used to examine the stability of homogeneous slopes with cracks subjected to seismic loading. A series of stability charts for slope inclinations of 2:1 (β = 63.4°), 1:1 (β = 45°), 2:3 (β = 33.7°), and 1:2 (β = 26.6°) (vertical to horizontal) and internal friction angles, φ, of 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° are presented. These charts should be useful for readily determining the stability number (critical slope height), the critical crack depth, and the region affected by cracks for cracks of known depth but unknown location, cracks of known location but unspecified depth, and cracks of unspecified depth and location.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional slope reliability and risk assessment using auxiliary random finite element method     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

This paper aims to propose an auxiliary random finite element method (ARFEM) for efficient three-dimensional (3-D) slope reliability analysis and risk assessment considering spatial variability of soil properties. The ARFEM mainly consists of two steps: (1) preliminary analysis using a relatively coarse finite-element model and Subset Simulation, and (2) target analysis using a detailed finite-element model and response conditioning method. The 3-D spatial variability of soil properties is explicitly modeled using the expansion optimal linear estimation approach. A 3-D soil slope example is presented to demonstrate the validity of ARFEM. Finally, a sensitivity study is carried out to explore the effect of horizontal spatial variability. The results indicate that the proposed ARFEM not only provides reasonably accurate estimates of slope failure probability and risk, but also significantly reduces the computational effort at small probability levels. 3-D slope probabilistic analysis (including both 3-D slope stability analysis and 3-D spatial variability modeling) can reflect slope failure mechanism more realistically in terms of the shape, location and length of slip surface. Horizontal spatial variability can significantly influence the failure mode, reliability and risk of 3-D slopes, especially for long slopes with relatively strong horizontal spatial variability. These effects can be properly incorporated into 3-D slope reliability analysis and risk assessment using ARFEM.  相似文献   

基于三维渗流模拟的坝基渗漏和渗透稳定分析——以哇沿水库为例          下载免费PDF全文

李铎  白云  魏爱华 《水文》2016,36(5):46-49

水库坝基渗漏不但损失水库蓄水量,更重要的会引起大坝渗透变形失去稳定。应用三维地下水流数值模拟计算坝基渗漏量和分析渗透稳定,较好地解决了周边与底面边界的不规则问题和垂向上地层的非均质问题,提高了计算精度。以青海省哇沿水库为例,在充分分析水库坝基水文地质条件的基础上,建立了坝基渗漏三维地下水流数值模型,模拟了设置不同深度防渗墙时的渗漏量和坝后出溢段水力坡度。评价了大坝的渗透稳定性,为防止哇沿水库发生渗透变形,设置防渗墙深度应大于50m。当防渗墙深度为50m时,水库渗漏量为12 012m~3/d。  相似文献   

四川省南江县陈家湾滑坡稳定性分析及防治建议          下载免费PDF全文

张涛  石胜伟  谢忠胜  梁炯  熊德清 《探矿工程》2016,43(1):14-19

由于山体的特殊地质背景及人类工程活动,四川省南江县陈家湾滑坡在平面位置上以中间山梁为界分为Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号滑坡及潜在不稳定斜坡。通过地质灾害勘查,研究了滑坡特征及其地质成因机制,并进行了稳定性分析评价。结果表明：仅Ⅰ号滑坡在暴雨工况下处于欠稳定状态。根据滑坡地形特征、稳定性分析结果,结合保护对象,对Ⅰ号滑坡提出了“抗滑桩+截水沟”和“预应力锚索+抗滑短桩+截水沟”两种防治方案。通过对比分析,推荐“抗滑桩+截水沟”为实施方案。  相似文献   

青海大通西山滑坡稳定性分析及防治方案          下载免费PDF全文

邓晓飞  于漂罗  唐书君  侯利鹏 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):16-21

通过对大通县桥头镇西山滑坡野外勘查,室内综合研究分析,查明大通县桥头镇西山滑坡的范围、规模、发育特征、形成机制、影响因素以及稳定性特征,评价和分析了其稳定性和破坏模式,并为滑坡灾害防治工程可行性研究和施工图设计提供地质资料。同时,对于西北类似滑坡勘查、治理具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

涪陵页岩气田水基钻井液技术          下载免费PDF全文

孙东营  王武斌  杜明军  毛世发  万朝阳  商峰 《探矿工程》2016,43(7):19-23

涪陵页岩气田属川东南地区川东高陡褶皱带包鸾-焦石坝背斜带焦石坝构造,主要开发上奥陶系五峰组—下志留系龙马溪组页岩气层,岩性主要为灰岩、泥岩、页岩,钻井施工中易漏、易塌、易喷。井型为三开结构水平井,一开、二开采用水基钻井液体系。通过技术研究,确立了以氯化钾、聚胺页岩抑制剂等为主剂的水基钻井液体系,形成了适合涪陵页岩气田勘探开发的浅层气预防、井壁稳定、降摩减扭、防漏堵漏等系列水基钻井液技术,较好地满足了钻井施工要求。  相似文献   

露天煤矿边坡稳定性实例分析及优化设计          下载免费PDF全文

宋国龙 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):30-35

结合内蒙古某露天煤矿的边坡实例,综合运用现有的工程地质资料、理论分析以及计算等手段,对该露天矿边坡工程地质条件、稳定性进行了分析和评价,提出了优化设计方案和滑坡治理建议。最后,从技术和工程方面提出了露天矿边坡稳定性的防治措施。  相似文献