地震海洋学方法在海洋混合参数提取中的研究与应用——以南海内波和地中海涡旋为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

拜阳  宋海斌  董崇志  刘伯然  陈江欣  耿明会 《地球物理学报》2015,58(7):2473-2485

混合是海洋中普遍存在的一种海水运动形式,对多个海洋学分支的研究具有重要的影响.随着物理海洋学的研究重心从大尺度向中小尺度现象过渡,近年来混合问题的研究重心也逐渐转向了中小尺度现象.内波与中尺度涡都是非常重要的中小尺度物理海洋学现象,对海洋能量在不同尺度中的级联发挥着重要的作用.本文基于地震海洋学研究了海洋混合参数的提取方法,并以南海内波和地中海涡旋为例进行了计算和分析.结果显示,南海内波在200~600m深度范围内所引起的混合可达10-2.79 m2·s-1左右,比大洋的统计结果10-5 m2·s-1高出两个数量级以上.而地中海涡旋所引起的湍流混合率可达10-3.44 m2·s-1左右,与大洋统计结果相比高出1.5个数量级左右,并且地中海涡旋下边界的混合要强于上边界,这一特征与前人的研究一致,另外涡旋上边界之上以及侧边界的外侧也具有非常高的混合率.  相似文献   

广西春季降水的云物理特征数值预报个例研究     

邹光源  刘奇俊  马占山 《热带地理》2010,30(5)

利用国家气象中心研制的中尺度云系模式,模拟研究了广西地区的一次春季云降水天气过程。结果表明,该模式系统对这次云降水系统有较好的预报能力,预报的云降水系统的宏微观结构特征合理。研究显示,冰晶主要处于上层,雪晶主要处于中层,霰主要处于中下层,云水主要处于中下层,雨水主要处于下层;云中强对流区对应地面强降水区;广西春季典型云降水系统中有过冷水,以过冷云水滴为主,有少量的过冷雨水滴,过冷水区冰晶含量稀少,具备人工增雨潜力。云系模式预报的云顶温度与FY-2C卫星反演的云顶温度除了最小值位置略有差别外,最小值基本一致,该云系模式的云产品对人工增雨作业具有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

2004年初夏一次云南暴雨过程的中尺度系统及其水汽特征分析研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董海萍  赵思雄  曾庆存 《热带气象学报》2011,(5):657-668

利用NCEP再分析资料、地面加密降水资料和风云-2卫星红外云图,对2004年云南初夏的一次强降水过程的大尺度环流背景、中尺度系统和水汽输送特征及来源情况进行了较为详尽的分析研究。结果表明:(1) 高低空环流的有利配置、印缅槽与东亚冷槽的相互作用,为此次云南地区暴雨的产生提供了有利条件;(2) 暴雨至少与四个连续生消的对流云团活动直接相关,强降水落区与云南的地形特征相关不大,只与低层辐合线有很好的一致性,而辐合线的发展演变与冷暖空气的势力对比相关;(3) 对降水区三维结构的分析表明,中尺度对流系统强烈发展区的低层为强辐合、正相对涡度,高层为辐散、负相对涡度;中低层有较强的上升运动,低层湿度较大、有不稳定能量的蓄积和释放;(4) 对云南水汽输送分析表明,直接影响此次云南强降水的水汽输送主要来源于孟加拉湾,并且引起此次云南强降水的水汽辐合是由风场辐合引起的,而水汽平流在这一地区为弱的干平流;同时,在较强的西南气流下,水汽辐合可存在于较高的气压层。   相似文献   

基于指标叠套法的安徽省强对流天气潜势预警研究          下载免费PDF全文

翟菁  周后福  张建军  黄勇 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):1-7

对2005－2007年4-9月安徽省冰雹、雷雨大风等强对流天气日数进行统计,分析了基于探空资料计算的不稳定指标与强对流天气发生的关系。结果表明：K指数、A指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能、归一化对流有效位能和对流抑制能量这几个指标对于强对流天气指示意义较好。基于此结果,挑选K指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能针对不同季节划分阈值,建立强对流天气潜势预警指标,并利用中尺度模式MM5的数值预报产品计算该指标,对2005-2010年13个强对流天气过程预报结果进行对比检验表明,MM5模式给出的强对流天气潜势预警产品对大多数过程均能起到预警作用。对其中两次强对流天气过程的进一步分析表明,模式具备预报强对流发生潜势的能力,预报结果对强对流天气发生的时间、落区有预警意义。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of the critical scale of oasis maintenance and development in the arid regions of Northwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

GAO Yanhong  CHEN Yuchun  Lü Shihua 《大气科学进展》2004,21(1):113-124

Oasis is a special geographic landscape among the vast desert/Gobi in Northwest China (NWC). The surface sensitive heat flux and latent heat flux at Zhangye Oasis during 1 to 11 August 1991 are simulated using the NCAR nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 Version 3. The horizontal grid resolution is set as 1km. By comparing the simulation results with HEIFE observations, it is proved that the model can be used to simulate the surface energy and water mass exchange of arid and semiarid regions in NWC.Based on the above results, the influence of different oasis scales on the local atmospheric field near the ground surface, and the critical scale of oasis maintenance, in NWC are studied dynamically. The following conclusion is obtained: the local thermal circulation between the oasis and the desert/Gobi is formed in the oasis downstream if the oasis scale is larger than 4 km. This local thermal circulation between the oasis and the desert adjacent to the oasis helps to conserve water vapor over the oasis. At the sametime, it transfers the abundant water vapor from the oasis into the desert/Gobi near to the oasis to supply relatively plentiful water vapor for desert crops to grow on the fringe of the oasis. So, it is advantageous for oasis extension. However, if the scale of the oasis is smaller than 4 km, it is not easy for the local thermal circulation between the oasis and the desert/Gobi to take shape. This study provides a new standpoint for oasis maintenance and development.  相似文献   

Kinematic structure of a heavy rain event from dual-Doppler radar observations   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

SHAO Aimei  QIU Chongjian  LIU Liping 《大气科学进展》2004,21(4):609-616

The detailed kinematic structure of a heavy rain event that occurred in the middle reaches oi the Yangtze River was investigated using dual-Doppler radar observation. A variational analysis method was developed to obtain the three-dimensional wind fields. Before the analysis, a data preprocessing procedure was carried out, in which the temporal variation with the scanning time interval and the effect of the earth curvature on the data position were taken into account. The analysis shows that a shear line in the lower and middle levels played an important role in the rainfall event. The precipitation fell mainly on the south end of the shear line where southerly flow prevailed and convergence and updraft were obvious. With the movement and decay of the shear line, the precipitation moved and decayed correspondingly.  相似文献   

南宁市中尺度自动站网数据库业务系统     

任晓炜  王丽玫  李涛  庞芳 《气象研究与应用》2004,25(3):35-39

利用数据库等计算机技术,以南宁市12个自动站原始观测要素为数据来源,建立南宁市中尺度自动站网数据库,并为预报人员提供基于网页浏览和Micaps平台调用的客户端应用。  相似文献   

THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM WITH HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG SOUTH CHINA COASTAL AREA   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蒙伟光  张艳霞  戴光丰  闫敬华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):57-60

Observational analysis shows that a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) occurred on May 13- 14 2004 along the coastal area in South China. The MCS initiated among the southwesterly flows within a west-east orientation low-level shear line. Associated with the system, in its subsequent development stages, no distinct vortex circulation developed in low-level. Instead, a cyclonic flow disturbance was observed in the mid-troposphere. How the convection starts to develop and evolve into a MCS? With observational analysis and numerical simulation, the problem has been studied. The high-resolution MM5 simulation shows that topographic convergence along the coastal line and the nearby mountains in western South China plays an important role to initiate the MCS convection. Once the convection occurs, due to the condensation heating, a cooperative interaction between the preexisting mid-level disturbance and convection is created,which may greatly affect the MCS development during periods when the system continues moving eastward.Compared to some typical MCS that happen in Southern China, which are usually accompanied with upward development of cyclonic vorticity, the development and evolution of the investigated MCS shows distinguishing features. In this article, the physical mechanisms responsible for the intensification of mid- level disturbance are discussed, and a viewpoint to interpret the effects of mid-level disturbance on the MCS organizational development is proposed.  相似文献   

中国大陆中尺度对流复合体的环境场演变特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康凤琴  肖稳安  顾松山 《南京气象学院学报》1999,22(4):720-724

采用合成分析方法,将中国大陆中尺度对流复合体的生命史划分为７ 个子阶段,详细探讨ＭＣＣ演变过程中的能量生消特征。结果表明：在ＭＣＣ的持续阶段,５００ｈＰａ 以下始终有深厚不稳定层存在,不稳定度渐渐减小,水汽、热量从西南和偏南方进入ＭＣＣ,最大通量值出现在９００～５００ ｈＰａ 高度。高、低、中空环流配合对ＭＣＣ的启动和发展有重要意义。  相似文献   

利用SAWYER-ELIASSEN次级方程对两支雨带的诊断   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周顺武  丁治英  陈永康 《南京气象学院学报》1999,22(3):326-330

利用中尺度模式（ Ｍ Ｍ４）模拟的 １９８１ 年 ６ 月 ２７ 日江淮地区梅雨锋暴雨过程的高分辨率资料,使用 Ｓａｗ ｙｅｒ Ｅｌｉａｓｓｅｎ 次级方程,对与雨带相联系的中尺度结构进行了诊断分析。通过模式输出资料进行数值求解,揭示了急流锋生在两支雨带形成和维持中的特殊贡献。分析表明,高、低空急流耦合产生急流锋生环流,锋生环流有利于两支雨带的形成。  相似文献