洱海沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特征   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

傅平青  刘丛强  吴丰昌  魏中青  黎文  梅毅  黄荣贵 《第四纪研究》2004,24(6):695-700

文章应用三维荧光光谱技术对洱海沉积物孔隙水中的溶解有机质进行了研究。结果表明,所有样品均含有4个明显的荧光峰,其中A和C为类腐殖酸荧光,B和D为类蛋白荧光。荧光强度在沉积物-水界面特别强,在1cm处急剧下降,之后随着沉积深度呈上升趋势。孔隙水溶解有机质均具有强的类蛋白荧光,揭示了溶解有机质中含有大量色氨酸、酪氨酸等芳环结构的类蛋白物质,并且在早期成岩过程中随着沉积深度呈积累趋势;类蛋白荧光与类腐殖酸荧光之间具有一定的相关关系,r(A,C)值在0.94-1.79之间,随着沉积深度逐渐下降,r(D,B)值在0.9-1.75之间,与r(A,C)值极为接近,且随着沉积深度有着类似的变化趋势,说明在洱海沉积物孔隙水中,r(D,B)与r(A,C)之间具有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

Gust Front Statistical Characteristics and Automatic Identification Algorithm for CINRAD          下载免费PDF全文

ZHENG Jiafeng  ZHANG Jie  ZHU Keyun  LIU Liping  LIU Yanxia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):607-623

Gust front is a kind of meso-and micro-scale weather phenomenon that often causes serious ground wind and wind shear. This paper presents an automatic gust front identification algorithm. Totally 879 radar volume-scan samples selected from 21 gust front weather processes that occurred in China between 2009 and 2012 are examined and analyzed. Gust front echo statistical features in reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width fields are obtained. Based on these features, an algorithm is designed to recognize gust fronts and generate output products and quantitative indices. Then, 315 samples are used to verify the algorithm and 3 typical cases are analyzed. Major conclusions include： 1） for narrow band echoes intensity is between 5 and 30 dBZ, widths are between 2 and 10 km, maximum heights are less than 4 km （89.33%are lower than 3 km）, and the lengths are between 50 and 200 km. The narrow-band echo is higher than its surrounding echo. 2） Gust fronts present a convergence line or a wind shear in the velocity field;the frontal wind speed gradually decreases when the distance increases radially outward. Spectral widths of gust fronts are large, with 87.09% exceeding 4 m s-1 . 3） Using 315 gust front volume-scan samples to test the algorithm reveals that the algorithm is highly stable and has successfully recognized 277 samples. The algorithm also works for small-scale or weak gust fronts. 4） Radar data quality has certain impact on the algorithm.  相似文献   

高光谱遥感仪器的光谱参数和信噪比需求          下载免费PDF全文

王倩  杨忠东  毕研盟 《应用气象学报》2014,25(5):600-609

卫星短波红外CO₂遥感获得大气低层CO₂浓度信息,已成为目前国际热点研究领域。结合气候变化及碳源、汇观测需求,利用高精度大气辐射传输模式研究了高光谱分辨率、高精度CO₂探测目标的可实现性。针对高光谱CO₂探测器光栅分光、阵列探测器特点,分析了光谱分辨率、光谱采样率等关键技术指标对CO₂探测的可能影响;基于辐射敏感度因子分析了不同探测精度要求下的信噪比需求。结果表明:高光谱CO₂探测器首先应具有足够高的光谱分辨率,以便从太阳反射连续谱段中分辨出CO₂吸收线;为保证CO₂光谱的准确性,光谱仪所用探测器面元应该保证光谱采样率大于2;尽管探测边界层内CO₂浓度1%变化所要求的信噪比难以达到,但探测整层大气CO₂浓度1%的变化所需要的信噪比是可以实现的。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠地表发射率及分布变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘永强 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(3):1-7

通过利用便携式傅立叶变换热红外光谱仪,对冷热黑体辐射和漫反射金板辐射校正,测量波长在8–14 μm的热红外大气窗口的地表辐射光谱,计算出地表的发射率光谱,再转换成地表的发射率值(ε)。为获得塔克拉玛干沙漠精确的ε,沿着沙漠公路,从南至北穿越沙漠,平均每50 km进行一次测量,获得了沙漠地表发射率的分布变化特征。结果表明：靠近绿洲的地表发射率值最高,达到0.93,绿洲与沙漠过渡带的值为0.91–0.92,沙漠其它地区的值为0.90–0.91,而沙漠中心区接近0.89。  相似文献   

基于高光谱大气红外探测器模拟亮温的稳健变分反演研究     

王根  吴玲玲  李南 《气象与环境科学》2014,37(3):21-26

经典变分反演法是基于观测误差服从高斯分布的假定,对偏离均值较大的离群值较敏感。当实际观测数据包含离群值观测误差呈现非高斯分布时,如果采用经典反演法进行变分反演就会产生大的偏差,甚至导致变分反演的失败。使用经典变分反演法首先需要进行质量控制,剔除所谓的离群值,但有相当部分的离群值包含了一些亮点,如天气现象。如果对其“视而不见”,则对很多重要的信息就无法把握。基于此,研究采用稳健变分反演的思想同化这些离群值,主要思想是把M-估计法（L2、Huber、Fair和Cauchy一估计）的权重函数耦合到经典变分反演中,在每次变分反演极小化迭代过程中重新估计观测项对经典变分反演目标泛函的贡献率。采用高光谱大气红外探测器（AtmosphericInfraRedSounder,AIRS）的通道模拟亮温进行理想试验,结果表明：采用Huber一估计进行稳健变分反演对温度和湿度反演具有较好的效果;采用Cauchy-估计得到的效果反而更差,这是由Cauchy等分布函数固有的缺陷所决定的。因此,稳健变分反演观测误差非高斯分布是可行的,但依赖M-估计法权重函数的选取。  相似文献   

基于MODIS和HJ-1数据的宿鸭湖水库面积遥感监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭鹏 《气象与环境科学》2014,37(3):49-54

水体与植被、城市和土壤等地物在不同波段的光谱反射率的差异是利用遥感手段提取水体信息的基本原理。以宿鸭湖水库为例,在水体光谱特征分析的基础上,采用归一化植被指数（NDVI）方法提取2010年的MODIS和HJ-1遥感影像上的水体信息。首先将MODIS数据的第1和第2波段,以及HJ-1数据的第3和第4波段经过波段运算得到NDVI图像。将两种遥感图像中NDVI值为负的像元判识为水体,NDVI值为正的判识为水库周围的农田,经过计算像元数量得到水体面积信息。水体判识阈值在全年变化范围在-0．08和0．08之间。HJ-1数据具有较高的空间分辨率,水体判识的结果比MODIS数据更加精确。利用HJ—I数据水体监测结果对MODIS数据结果进行校正,使得到的监测结果同时具有较高的时间分辨率和空间分辨率。研究结果表明：利用HJ-1数据校正后的MODIS数据所测得的水域面积与实际观测得到的水库蓄水量之间的复相关系数为0．8603,显著提高了水体监测的精度,从而为大范围的水资源与水环境动态监测提供了迅速、可靠的依据。  相似文献   

飓风Juan(2003)路径附近实测飓风浪的谱特性研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

XU Fumin  BUI THI Thuy Duyen  PERRIE Will 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):112-122

Hurricane Juan provides an excellent opportunity to probe into the detailed wave spectral patterns and spectral parameters of a hurricane system, with enough wave spectral observations around Juan＇s track in the deep ocean and shallow coastal water. In this study, Hurricane Juan and wave observation stations around Juan＇s track are introduced. Variations of wave composition are discussed and analyzed based on time series of one-dimensional frequency spectra, as well as wave steepness around Juan＇s track： before, during, and after Juan＇s passing. Wave spectral involvement is studied based on the observed one-dimensional spectra and two-dimensional spectra during the hurricane. The standardization method of the observed wave spectra during Hurricane Juan is discussed, and the standardized spectra show relatively conservative behavior, in spite of the huge variation in wave spectral energy, spectral peak, and peak frequency during this hurricane. Spectral widths＇ variation during Hurricane Juan are calculated and analyzed. A two-layer nesting WW3 model simulation is applied to simulate the one-dimensional and two-dimensional wave spectra, in order to examine WW3＇s ability in simulating detailed wave structure during Hurricane Juan.  相似文献   

Retrieval of aerosol optical properties over a vegetation surface using multi-angular,multi-spectral,and polarized data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Han  SUN Xiaobing  SUN Bin  LIANG Tianquan  LI Cuili  HONG Jin 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):879-887

An algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical properties using multi-angular,multi-spectral,and polarized data without a priori knowledge of the land surface was developed.In the algorithm,the surface polarized reflectance was estimated by eliminating the atmospheric scattering from measured polarized reflectance at 1640 nm.A lookup table （LUT） and an iterative method were adopted in the algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness （AOT,at 665 nm） and the （A）ngstr（o）m exponent （computed between the AOTs at 665 and 865 nm）.Experiments were performed in Tianjin to verify the algorithm.Data were provided by a newly developed airborne instrument,the Advanced Atmosphere Multi-angle Polarization Radiometer （AMPR）.The AMPR measurements over the target field agreed well with the nearby ground-based sun photometer.An algorithm based on Research Scanning Polarimeter （RSP） measurements was introduced to validate the observational measurements along a flight path over Tianjin.The retrievals were consistent between the two algorithms.The AMPR algorithm shows potential in retrieving aerosol optical properties over a vegetation surface.  相似文献   

Construction of lake bathymetry from MODIS satellite data and GIS from 2003 to 2011     

严翼  肖飞  杜耘 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(3):720-731

In recent years, sedimentation conditions in Dongting Lake have varied greatly because of significant changes in runoff and sediment load in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River following the construction of Three Gorges Dam. The topography of the lake bottom has changed rapidly because of the intense exchange of water and sediment between the lake and the Changjiang River. However, time series information on lake-bottom topographic change is lacking. In this study, we introduced a method that combines remote sensing data and in situ water level data to extract a record of Dongting Lake bottom topography from 2003 to 2011. Multi-temporal lake land/water boundaries were extracted from MODIS images using the linear spectral mixture model method. The elevation of water/land boundary points were calculated using water level data and spatial interpolation techniques. Digital elevation models of Dongting Lake bottom topography in different periods were then constructed with the multiple heighted waterlines. The mean root-mean-square error of the linear spectral mixture model was 0.036, and the mean predicted error for elevation interpolation was -0.19 m. Compared with field measurement data and sediment load data, the method has proven to be most applicable. The results show that the topography of the bottom of Dongting Lake has exhibited uneven erosion and deposition in terms of time and space over the last nine years. Moreover, lake-bottom topography has undergone a slight erosion trend within this period, with 58.2% and 41.8% of the lake-bottom area being eroded and deposited, respectively.  相似文献   

AVHRR NDVI和MODIS NDVI一致性评估     

任梓菡 《地理空间信息》2014,(3):125-128

以AVHRR传感器和MODIS传感器为研究对象,以冠层辐射传输模型模拟植被多种状况下的冠层反射率为基础,得到对应于AVHRR和MODIS红光和近红外波段的反射率,计算并比较这两种传感器提取的NDVI结果。研究表明,这种方法从新的角度评估了AVHRR NDVI和MODIS NDVI产品之间的一致性,并提供了对应的校正系数。  相似文献