2008年初湖北省低温雨雪冰冻天气温度平流配置分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

龙利民  黄治勇  苏磊  王珊珊  邓红  韩琦 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(6):745-750

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,对2008年1月11日-2月1日湖北省低温雨雪冰冻过程进行温度平流空间分布诊断分析。结果表明：低温雨雪冰冻期间,湖北省近地层不断有弱冷空气补充和渗透;中层暖平流、低层冷垫和南方沿冷垫向上爬升的暖空气是湖北省降雪最基本的条件,而湖北省东部出现强降雪的另一个更重要的原因就是低层偏东回流带来的暖平流;当冷空气充斥湖北省上空整层大气时,则预示雨雪将减弱停止。  相似文献   

GTS的温盐资料在BCC_GODAS中的同化结果分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘向文  李维京  吴统文  肖贤俊 《应用气象学报》2010,21(5):558-569

分析了从GTS(全球无线通讯系统)获得的2002-2007年海洋温盐观测资料在国家气候中心第2代全球海洋资料同化系统(BCC_GODAS 2.0)中的同化结果。与SODA(简易海洋同化数据)资料的比较表明:GTS中的海洋温盐资料同化对模式温盐场的改进之处主要表现在混合层暖区的范围和中心强度、温跃层中温度槽脊的深度、温跃层附近的温度梯度以及盐度高、低值区的范围和中心强度等方面,同化后全球温盐场的均方根误差得到一定程度的降低。挑选位于不同海区的单点温盐廓线与ARGO(地转海洋学实时观测阵)观测作了进一步比较,结果表明:大多数情况下,同化后温盐廓线的均方根误差得到明显降低,模拟的温盐垂向分布特征也更为准确。与TAO(热带大气海洋观测网)资料的比较也同样表明:同化后的温盐场特征会得到一定程度改善。  相似文献   

气候场重建方法的比较——以欧洲为例     

尹仔锋 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,4(1):59-60

<正>1两种气候场重建方法的历史回顾温度变幅对更好地了解过去温度的演变和变化至关重要。基于古气候资料重建过去温度的变化能够深刻阐释气候的强迫作用。现有的多数重建研究均把欧洲到全球尺度的20世纪变暖置于宽泛的历史长河  相似文献   

春季大风的预报和分析     

张晓芳  李宇华 《黑龙江气象》2010,27(2):11-14

用地面观测日平均气压差与气温日较差统计分析,寻找5月份≥5级大风的气压与温度变化的关系,用统计数据制作点聚图,发现了大风在点聚图上的集中落区;制作了曲线图;用历年4月下旬平均最高、平均最低气温,寻找冷暖气团春季进退早晚与5月大风多少的关系。经统计发现,在5月份出现≥5级大风起报日的温度日较差临界值,即在日平均气压差(Δp24)与气温日较差(Tm-Td)的曲线图模型上,是该报大风,日较差必须在13.5℃或以上,锁定了模式出现后是否有大风的第一关,起报日当天升温值必须≥5℃,这是该模型是有大风的第二关。大风模型和数据相互关联制动,有效的提高了预报大风的可信度。  相似文献   

浅析地方气象在民航系统中的应用     

王贵明 《内蒙古气象》2010,(5):44-45

1机场气象服务内容 1.1机场气象观测 每天第一个航班起飞前2.5小时发布第一份实况整点报（METAR）,报文内容包含风、能见度、天气现象、云状、云高、气温、露点温度和修正海压。之后每整点发布一次,直至所有航班结束。整点之间如有特殊天气,需随时发布特选报（SPECI）。与之相反,如果天气转好需发解除特选报（SPECI）,直至当天所有航班结束。  相似文献   

Consistency Problem with Tracer Advection in the Atmospheric Model GAMIL     

ZHANG Kai  WAN Hui  WANG Bin  ZHANG Meigen 《大气科学进展》2008,25(2):306-318

The radon transport test, which is a widely used test case for atmospheric transport models, is carried out to evaluate the tracer advection schemes in the Grid-Point Atmospheric Model of IAP-LASG （GAMIL）. Two of the three available schemes in the model are found to be associated with significant biases in the polar regions and in the upper part of the atmosphere, which implies potentially large errors in the simulation of ozone-like tracers. Theoretical analyses show that inconsistency exists between the advection schemes and the discrete continuity equation in the dynamical core of GAMIL and consequently leads to spurious sources and sinks in the tracer transport equation. The impact of this type of inconsistency is demonstrated by idealized tests and identified as the cause of the aforementioned biases. Other potential effects of this inconsistency are also discussed. Results of this study provide some hints for choosing suitable advection schemes in the GAMIL model. At least for the polax-region-concentrated atmospheric components and the closely correlated chemical species, the Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian advection scheme produces more reasonable simulations of the large-scale transport processes without significantly increasing the computational expense.  相似文献   

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

符娇兰  钱维宏  林祥 《大气科学进展》2008,25(2):267-278

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.  相似文献   

Warming in the northwestern Indian Ocean associated with the El Niño event     

횣톭뮪  쇵뒺퇒  袁媛  周文 《大气科学进展》2008,25(2):246-252

This paper investigates possible warming effects of an E1 Nifio event on the sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Most pure positive Indian Ocean dipole （IOD） events （without an E1 Nifio event co-occurring） have a maximum positive SSTA mainly in the central Indian Ocean south of the equator, while most co-occurrences with an E1 Nifio event exhibit a northwest-southeast typical dipole mode. It is therefore inferred that warming in the northwestern Indian Ocean is closely related to the E1 Nifio event. Based on the atmospheric bridge theory, warming in the northwestern Indian Ocean during co-occurring cases may be primarily caused by relatively less latent heat loss from the ocean due to reduced wind speed. The deepened thermocline also contributes to the warming along the east coast of Africa through the suppressed upwelling of the cold water. Therefore, the E1 Nifio event is suggested to have a modulating effect on the structure of the dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean.  相似文献   

Variation of Radio Refractivity with Respect to Moisture and Temperature and Influence on Radar Ray Path     

Jidong GAO  Keith BREWSTER  Ming XUE 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):1098-1106

In this study, the variation of radio refractivity with respect to temperature and moisture is analyzed. Also, the effects of vertical gradients in temperature and moisture on the propagation paths of electromagnetic waves of weather radar are examined for several sites across the United States using several years of sounding data from the National Weather Service. The ray path is important for identifying storm characteristics and for properly using the radar data in initializing numerical weather prediction models. It is found that during the warm season the radio refractivity gradient is more sensitive to moisture gradients than to temperature gradients. Ray paths from the commonly accepted vertical ray path model are compared to a ray path computed from a stepwise ray tracing algorithm using data from actual soundings. For the sample of about 16 000 soundings examined, we find that only a small fraction of the ray paths diverge significantly from those calculated using a ray path model based on the US Standard Atmosphere. While the problem of ray dueting in the presence of a temperature inversion is fairly well known, we identify the presence of a strong vertical moisture gradient as the culprit in the majority of the cases where significant deviations occurred.  相似文献   

北非地区海-陆热力差异与夏季江淮流域旱涝的关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵勇  钱永甫 《气象学报》2008,66(2):203-212

基于NCEP/NCAR月均再分析资料和中国743站降水资料,根据夏季江淮流域51 a(1954-2004年)区域旱涝指数的年代际变化特征,确定北非地区作为研究的关键区.分析发现,关键区的地表温度异常在冬季具有较好的持续性,冬季北大西洋涛动是导致这种异常持续性的重要原因之一.通过对前冬北非地区地表温度和夏季江淮流域降水的SVD分析发现:当北非大陆地区偏冷,其西北侧的海区偏暖时,江淮流域夏季的降水将整体偏多;反之,江淮流域夏季的降水整体偏少.进一步研究发现,北非地区海陆地表温度异常的对比,要比其中单一海洋或陆地区域的异常对夏季江淮流域的旱涝有更好的指示能力.文中定义了一个海陆热力差异指数来表征这种地表温度异常的对比程度,该指数和夏季江淮流域旱涝指数呈较好的正相关关系,并且对夏季江淮流域极端旱涝年份也有较好的指示,认为该指数可以作为一个指示江淮流域整体旱涝事件的预报因子.  相似文献