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Anomalously high Au concentrations (2.5 to 50 ppb) in regolith carbonate accumulations, such as calcrete and calcareous sands in aeolian sand dunes overlying Au mineralisation of the Gawler Craton, South Australia, show a marked covariance of Au with K, Mg and most notably Ca. This relationship appears to be linked to the authigenic formation of smectites and carbonates within the aeolian dunes in the region. However, little is known about the processes involved in the formation of carbonates under semi-arid and arid conditions. In this study the geochemical properties of aeolian dunes along several depth profiles of 2 to 4 m are investigated in order to assess the relationship between Au mobility and calcrete formation. In the profiles a strongly systematic relationship between Au and the increasing Ca–Mg contents at depth highlights the close association between the enrichment of Au in the calcrete and the underlying hydrothermal mineralisation. Intense calcrete formation and concurrent Au enrichment also occurs in the vicinity of roots penetrating the dune. Thin section petrography and cathodoluminescence show that most of the calcrete in the regolith profiles is micritic; some sparic crystallites have also been identified. To demonstrate the presence of microbial processes that may mediate the formation of calcrete, samples from a depth profile in the dune were taken under sterile conditions. After amendment with urea and incubation of up to 24 h, up to 18 mg/l of NH4+ were detected in near surface samples. At depth of 2.3 m 1 mg/l NH4+ were detected compared to a control that contained below 0.05 mg/l NH4+. These results suggest that the genesis of calcrete and pedogenic carbonate in the area may be partly biologically mediated via processes such as the metabolic breakdown of urea by resident microbiota which generates a pH and pCO2 environment conducive to the precipitation of carbonate. In the process of urea breakdown organic Au complexes such as Au-amino acid complexes may become destabilised in solution and Au may be co-precipitated, resulting in the fine, non-particulate distribution of Au throughout the micritic calcrete carbonate. In conclusion, this study suggests a coupled mechanism of biologically mediated and inorganic mechanisms that lead to the formation of Au-in-calcrete anomalies. 相似文献
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森林生物化学与CASI高光谱分辨率遥感数据的相关分析 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38
该文介绍了利用光谱范围约 417— 80 0nm的航空高光谱分辨率数据估计森叶族叶化学成分浓度的分析方法。沿横跨美国俄勒冈州中西部收集 6个研究立地上的小型机载成象光谱仪 (CASI)数据。 3个族叶化学成分 [总叶绿素 (TC)、全氮 (TN)和全磷 (TP) ]从相同的研究立地取样并在实验室测定。使用多元统计和光谱微分技术评价CASI数据用于估计冠层生化浓度的潜力和效率。 12个族叶化学成分样本被测定 ,并同时在相同立地上提取CASI图象数据。 7个单回归模型被用来探索单波段和植被指数与 3个化学成分的线性与非线性相关关系及预测效果。光谱微分技术被用来压缩背景噪音对目标光谱的影响。利用CASI原始光谱、一阶和二阶微分光谱数据和逐步回归分析来预测TC、TN和TP。结果表明采用光谱微分技术能显著地改善由拟合度 (R2 )和均方根差(SE)描述的森林冠层化学成分浓度的估计精度。由单波段分析的结果说明族叶化学与CASI数据间的相关性很低。事实上 ,对于TP ,CASI原始数据与实验室测定的数据几乎无关 相似文献
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A comparison of selective extraction soil geochemistry and biogeochemistry in the Cobar area, New South Wales 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. R. Cohen X. C. Shen A. C. Dunlop N. F. Rutherford 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)
In parts of the deeply weathered and semi-arid environments of the Cobar area (NSW, Australia), detection of mineralisation using conventional soil sampling and total metal analysis is impeded. This is due to the intense leaching of trace elements within the weathered profile, discontinuous coverage of transported materials and the existence of diffuse regional geochemical anomalies of ill-defined source. Selective chemical extractions, applied to various regolith components, and biogeochemistry offer a means of isolating localised geochemical patterns related to recent dispersion of trace elements through the overburden. Lag geochemical patterns across the McKinnons deposit (Au) and Mrangelli prospect (Pb–Zn–As) reflect mechanical dispersion processes and minor hydromorphic effects. Concentrations of more mobile elements tend to be higher in the non-magnetic fraction, due to higher proportions of goethite and poorly crystalline hematite than in the magnetic fraction. The subdued soil geochemical responses for metals extractable by cold 40% hydrochloric acid (CHX) and for total element concentration reflect the leached nature of the residual profile, low grade of mineralisation, dilution by aeolian components and disequilibrium of fine fractions with coarser, relict Fe-oxides. The stronger contrast for CHX for most metals, compared with total extraction, indicates surface accumulation of trace elements derived from underlying mineralisation. Enzyme leach element anomalies are intense but generally located directly over bedrock sources or major structural breaks, irrespective of the nature of the overburden. Though mechanisms for the dispersion of trace elements extracted by enzyme leaching are not well established, the lack of lateral transport suggests vertical migration of volatile metal species (atmimorphic dispersion). The strong, multi-element response to mineralisation in cypress pine needles indicates significant metal recycling during the present erosional cycle. However, a comparison of the trace element concentrations in vegetation (cypress pine needles) and selective extractions of soils indicates that recycling by the plants is not the dominant mechanism for transportation of metals through the overburden. The vegetation may be responding to hydromorphic dispersion patterns at depth. The use of selective extractions may be useful in detecting mineralisation through deeply leached profiles, but offers even greater potential when integrated with biogeochemistry to detect targets buried by significant thickness of transported cover. 相似文献
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