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In this paper, a nonlinear optimization method is used to explore the finite-time instability of the atmospheric circulation
with a three-level quasigeostrophic model under the framework of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP). As
a natural generalization of linear singular vector (SV), CNOP is defined as an initial perturbation that makes the cost function
the maximum at a prescribed forecast time under certain physical constraint conditions. Special attentions are paid to the
different structures and energy evolutions of the optimal perturbations. 相似文献
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A two-layer quasi-geostrophic model is used to study the stability and sensitivity of motions on smallscale vortices in Jupiter’s atmosphere. Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and linear singular vectors (LSVs) are both obtained numerically and compared in this paper. The results show that CNOPs can capture the nonlinear characteristics of motions in small-scale vortices in Jupiter’s atmosphere and show great difference from LSVs under the condition that the initial constraint condition is large or the optimization time is not very short or both. Besides, in some basic states, local CNOPs are found. The pattern of LSV is more similar to local CNOP than global CNOP in some cases. The elementary application of the method of CNOP to the Jovian atmosphere helps us to explore the stability of variousscale motions of Jupiter’s atmosphere and to compare the stability of motions in Jupiter’s atmosphere and Earth’s atmosphere further. 相似文献
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Since the last International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics General Assembly(2003),predictability studies in China have made significant progress.For dynamic forecasts,two novel approaches of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation and nonlinear local Lyapunov exponents were proposed to cope with the predictability problems of weather and climate,which are superior to the corresponding linear theory.A possible mechanism for the"spring predictability barrier"phenomenon for the El Ni(?)o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)was provided based on a theoretical model.To improve the forecast skill of an intermediate coupled ENSO model,a new initialization scheme was developed,and its applicability was illustrated by hindcast experiments.Using the reconstruction phase space theory and the spatio-temporal series predictive method, Chinese scientists also proposed a new approach to improve dynamical extended range(monthly)prediction and successfully applied it to the monthly-scale predictability of short-term climate variations.In statistical forecasts,it was found that the effects of sea surface temperature on precipitation in China have obvious spatial and temporal distribution features,and that summer precipitation patterns over east China are closely related to the northern atmospheric circulation.For ensemble forecasts,a new initial perturbation method was used to forecast heavy rain in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces on 8 June 1998.Additionally, the ensemble forecast approach was also used for the prediction of a tropical typhoons.A new downscaling model consisting of dynamical and statistical methods was provided to improve the prediction of the monthly mean precipitation.This new downsealing model showed a relatively higher score than the issued operational forecast. 相似文献
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基于ERA-Interim再分析资料,借助大气模式CAM4,分析了北半球冬季不同月份的平均大气对巴伦支海不同振幅及不同季节海冰扰动的敏感性,并考察了中高纬度典型大气模态的分布变化情况。结果表明,冬季巴伦支海海冰的减少,会导致湍流热通量异常向上、局地异常变暖及水汽含量的异常升高,且相关异常的强度和范围随着海冰减少幅度的减小而减弱。这种局地响应会通过大气环流调整扩散开来,产生远程影响。具体地,冬季大气环流与欧亚地面温度异常对于不同幅度海冰异常的响应是非线性的,且在不同月份也呈现出不同特征。秋季巴伦支海海冰减少虽未引起局地显著的温度异常,但欧亚大陆温度及环流场异常响应的强度更强、范围更广,这表明秋季海冰可以独立地对冬季中纬度大气产生影响。此外,冬季不同月份西伯利亚高压强度、位置对巴伦支海海冰减少的响应是不同的,北大西洋涛动位相的倾向变化对不同季节、不同振幅海冰减少的响应也不相同。冬季海冰减少时,12月和1月,西伯利亚高压强度更易偏强、位置易偏东,2月则与之相反。与冬季相比,秋季海冰偏少时,西伯利亚高压更易稳定维持在欧亚大陆,晚冬时发生北大西洋涛动负位相的概率增大,但出现极端负位相概率降低。这为了解巴伦支海海冰异常对北半球天气、气候的影响提供了参考。 相似文献
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用数值方法研究了行星尺度阻塞波和天气尺度波之间的相互作用,得到在涡源强迫下,当不存在地形时,大尺度流场可发展成偶极型阻塞,瞬时流场分裂成南北对称的2支,总流场可以看到明显的多涡结构;加上双波地形后,大尺度流场发展成Ω型阻塞,瞬时流场同样分裂成2支,但北支要明显强于南支.而且通过一系列对比试验发现,适当的弱的基本西风气流是阻塞发生的有利条件.此外,讨论了初始阻塞和造波器（扰动源）位置的配置,以及造波器关闭时间的不同对阻塞强度和生命周期的可能影响. 相似文献
6.
The authors apply the technique of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) as a means
of providing initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting by using a barotropic quasi-geostrophic
(QG) model in a perfect-model scenario. Ensemble forecasts for the medium range (14 days) are made
from the initial states perturbed by CNOPs and singular vectors (SVs). 13 different cases have been
chosen when analysis error is a kind of fast growing error. Our experiments show that the introduction
of CNOP provides better forecast skill than the SV method. Moreover, the spread-skill relationship
reveals that the ensemble samples in which the first SV is replaced by CNOP appear superior to those
obtained by SVs from day 6 to day 14. Rank diagrams are adopted to compare the new method with the
SV approach. The results illustrate that the introduction of CNOP has higher reliability for
medium-range ensemble forecasts. 相似文献
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2008年1月中国南方低温雨雪冰冻天气特征及其天气动力学成因的初步分析 总被引：80，自引：11，他引：69
在欧亚大陆中高纬度长期维持阻塞形势的背景下,2008年1月11日至2月2日中国南方连续经历了4 次低温雨雪冰冻天气过程(简称"0801南方雪灾").这次强天气事件过程范围广、强度大、持续时间长且灾害极为严重.其天气学特征表现为中高纬阻塞形势稳定少变,低纬系统活跃确保水汽输送,以及南方部分地区满足冰雪风暴形成的有利天气条件等.研究表明,导致大气环流异常从而促使这次低温雨雪冰冻强天气事件出现的主要因素包括:(1)北极涛动(AO)的异常活跃,有利于行星尺度波动的稳定维持;(2)阻塞上游50°N区域有极强的负涡度平流持续输送到阻塞区,使濒临崩溃的阻塞形势得以重新加强,从而使阻塞形势长时间稳定维持;(3)青藏高原以南低纬地区南支气流活跃,确保中国南方充沛的水汽来源;以及(4)长期存在有利于冰雪风暴生成发展的天气-动力-物理学条件等."0801南方雪灾"事件一个突出的特征就是冰冻现象极为严重.文中借助新型卫星CloudSat的星载云廓线雷达(CPR)资料对这次事件中典型云系进行天气-动力-物理学分析,揭示出西南暖湿气流沿锋面爬升,形成界限分明上下交替的两个冷暖气团,冷气团较浅薄;在2-4 km高度存在一个融化层,冰水不仅存在融化层之上,在近地面层亦含有丰富的冰粒子.结合常规观测资料分析发现,在此期间中国南方大部地区中层(大约在850-700 hPa)存在温度大约在0-4 ℃的逆温层,地面气温大致维持在-4-0 ℃且相对湿度在90%以上,分析表明,此次大范围冰冻灾害天气是由于冻结、凝华和冰雾粒子的附着增长等物理过程共同作用的结果."0801南方雪灾"事件持续时间较长,事件本身作为一个整体其成因可追溯到行星尺度系统.研究极涡异常及其随时间变化的结果表明,平流层极涡变化比对流层的超前,尤其是该事件前期平流层极涡进入12月后就趋于加强,而对流层的极涡加强则明显滞后,并且直到1月中至2月初才快速加强;这意味着平流层蕴含着对流层极涡变化及伴随的强天气事件的先期信号,这可能是中长期预报的一个值得深入研究的方向. 相似文献
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条件非线性最优扰动法在大气与海洋目标观测研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对近年来用条件非线性最优扰动法研究大气与海洋目标观测问题的部分工作进行了总结,主要涉及厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）事件、黑潮路径变异事件以及阻塞事件。通过研究这些事件发生的最优前期征兆（OPR）和最快增长初始误差（OGE）,发现这些事件的最优前期征兆和最快增长初始误差分别具有空间的高度相似性及其伴随的局地性特征。理想回报试验表明,如果在ENSO事件和黑潮路径变异事件的最快增长初始误差和最优前期征兆所确定的扰动大值区减小初始场误差,上述事件的预报技巧会大幅度提高;最优前期征兆和最快增长初始误差的空间相似性使得在同一敏感区域增加额外观测,不仅有助于捕捉上述异常事件的前期信号,还可以有效减小初始误差,从而提高对该事件的预报技巧。阻塞事件爆发的最优前期征兆和最快增长初始误差的空间相似性和局地性特征在其目标观测研究中的应用,应该是深入研究的课题。 相似文献
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在不考虑模式误差的情况下,采用三层准地转T21大气模式作了10d的集合预报试验．比较了两种集合预报初始扰动产生方法的优劣：奇异向量法和条件非线性最优扰动方法．从1982／1983冬到1993／1994冬（12月至次年2月）随机选择了10个个例．异常相关系数被用来评估北半球500hPa位势高度场的预报质量．结果表明,如果在预报中后期北半球大气环流具有环流转型发生,用条件非线性最优扰动代替第一奇异向量的集合预报技巧在中期预报范围（第4天之后）明显高于奇异向量法,Rank Histograms进一步说明新方法产生的集合具有更高的可靠性．结论证实并推广了作者以前的工作,即：采用正压准地转模式,在分析误差为快速增长扰动的情况下,条件非线性最优扰动方法的引入改善了集合预报效果． 相似文献
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