Conversion relationship of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater in Quaternary thick cohesive soil in Jianghan Plain,Hubei Province,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472

The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas.  相似文献   

贵州苗匡热矿水地热区水化学特征及热储条件分析     

杨晓飞 《地质与勘探》2020,56(1):94-101

贵州苗匡热矿水地热区大地构造位于江南复合造山黔南坳陷铜仁复式褶皱变形带,区域构造为红石古断裂带与苗匡断裂交汇锐角区,区内出露的地层有前南华系板溪群、南华系、震旦系、寒武系;热矿水水化学类型为HCO_3-Na型,含高氟、锶、锂、偏硅酸;弱碱性水;呈带状中低温热储;区域大地热流供给热量;地下热矿水补给为构造破碎带深远程补给;区域性红石活动断裂带具有导热导水储水性,热矿水被温差、压力差等驱动循环运移至断裂破碎带富集,苗匡次级断裂带在该热储起到连通传导作用;热矿水井口温度45℃,出水量560 m~3/d。研究结果可对该区热矿水勘查开发及利用提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

Growing Political: Violence,Community Forestry,and Environmental Defender Subjectivity     

Hollie Grant 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):768-789

Why do environmental defenders continue to participate in community-based efforts to protect the environment despite threats to their lives and minimal success in deterring or punishing offenders? Examining Community Forestry initiatives in Cambodia, we find that forest protection is not only a means to gain environmental, economic, or social benefits, but also a means for forest defenders to assert themselves as political actors in relation to the state and other citizens. Rather than simply repressing and disciplining forest dwelling populations, violence against defenders shapes their subjectivity and re-politicizes their lives. Distinguishing between various forms of violence associated with different illicit forest users, we highlight how forest protection becomes a means of political self-expression and rights-based resistance as forest defenders reinterpret direct violence through experiences and understandings of structural and symbolic violence. Participation in CF thus unlocks ways of being political and contesting oppressive structures while acting within sanctioned institutions.  相似文献   

近59 a锡林河流域潜在蒸散发及地表干湿状况变化趋势分析          下载免费PDF全文

张璐  朱仲元  张圣微  王慧敏  王飞  席小康 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):997-1003

利用1960—2018年锡林河流域周边13个气象站的逐日气象资料,采用世界粮农组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO）推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算各气象站多年潜在蒸散发量及相对湿润度指数。通过利用主成分分析、相关分析和偏相关分析,探讨了锡林河流域潜在蒸散发、地表干湿状况多年变化规律;分析了影响潜在蒸散发的主要气象因子及各气象要素间的相互作用;着重讨论了锡林河流域潜在蒸散发的周期变化及其与相对湿润度指数、各气象要素的相互作用。结果表明：流域近59 a潜在蒸散发整体呈现增长趋势,且上升趋势显著,存在显著增加—减小交替的多尺度时频变化特征和多主周期变化规律;各气象要素中潜在蒸散发对温度的响应较大,平均风速次之;平均相对湿度受到潜在蒸散发的影响较大,降水次之。整个流域环境有不显著的变湿润趋势。  相似文献   

不同发展模式下资源环境承载力评价——以海南省为例     

牛方曲  杨欣雨  孙东琪 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1109-1116

文章关注于产业、人口与资源环境要素的作用关系，建构了资源环境承载力综合评价框架，并以海南省为案例区开展应用研究。该框架首先对区域产业重要性进行评价并分级，为产业结构调整提供依据；其次解析了区域产业、人口资源消耗与污染排放强度，最后，基于产业评价结果设定不同的产业结构调整情景，结合产业和人口的资源消耗与污染排放强度评价不同产业结构下的资源环境承载力，即产业和人口的规模上限。结果表明：2016年海南省的经济规模并未超载，产业有进一步发展空间。其中土地资源成为海南省发展的首要限制因素，其次是水环境；海南经济效益较高的支柱产业和基础性产业多为高耗水、高污染的产业，亟需加强水资源的集约利用，并降低污染排放强度。为提升经济发展规模上限，需要培育低能耗、低排放的产业。文章建构的资源环境承载力评价方法将产业、人口与资源环境相联系，其评价结果政策意义更为明确，可为优化产业结构调整、控制产业及人口发展规模提供决策参考。  相似文献   

The effect of varied dam release mechanisms and storage volume on downstream river thermal regimes     

《Limnologica》2020

Temperature plays an essential role in the ecology and biology of aquatic ecosystems. The use of dams to store and subsequently re-regulate river flows can have a negative impact on the natural thermal regime of rivers, causing thermal pollution of downstream river ecosystems. Autonomous thermal loggers were used to measure temperature changes downstream of a large dam on the Macquarie River, in Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin to quantify the effect of release mechanisms and dam storage volume on the downstream thermal regime. The magnitude of thermal pollution in the downstream river was affected by different release mechanisms, including bottom-level outlet releases, a thermal curtain (which draws water from above the hypolimnion), and spill-way release. Dam storage volume was linked to the magnitude of thermal pollution downstream; high storage volumes were related to severe thermal suppressions, with an approximate 10 °C difference occurring when water originated from high and low storage volumes. Downstream temperatures were 8 ̶ 10 °C higher when surface releases were used via a thermal curtain and the spillway to mitigate cold water pollution that frequently occurs in the river. Demonstrating the effectiveness of engineering and operational strategies used to mitigate cold water pollution highlight their potential contribution to fish conservation, threatened species recovery and environmental remediation of aquatic ecosystems.  相似文献   

基于面板数据的海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展影响的实证研究          下载免费PDF全文

何林涛  陈璇 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):17-21

文章基于我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)海洋环境和海洋经济的面板数据,将海洋产业结构和海洋产业劳动力要素投入作为控制变量,构建双对数面板数据模型,就海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展的影响进行实证分析。结果表明:海洋环境污染与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系,海洋产业结构与海洋经济发展存在正相关关系,海洋产业劳动力要素投入与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系。基于此,为促进海洋经济的可持续发展,提出加强海洋环境保护和治理、优化升级海洋产业结构以及培养和引进海洋专业人才的建议。  相似文献   

国内外岩溶塌陷监测方法综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

吴亚楠  周绍智  王延岭  焦玉国  陈伟清  程凤  赵志伟 《山东国土资源》2018,34(12)

岩溶塌陷是全球广泛分布的地质灾害问题,严重影响和制约了岩溶地区社会、经济发展,因此,开展岩溶塌陷监测工作,对塌陷预测预报具有及其重要的作用。岩溶塌陷的监测技术与塌陷形成的机理关系密切。该文分析了岩溶塌陷的分布规律和形成的条件,系统总结了国内外岩溶塌陷的监测内容、技术方法、各自优缺点,如BOTDR监测、TDR监测、地质雷达监测、水动力条件监测及地-沉降等方法,为系统性地开展岩溶塌陷监测工作提供技术和方法参考,展望了未来的岩溶塌陷监测工作,认为岩溶塌陷监测需结合塌陷的形成机理、塌陷地区覆盖层特征及水动力条件,综合利用多种监测手段联合进行,并形成完善的监测网络。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖水龄季节性变化特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张素香  许新发  徐兴  CHU Vicnent H  邬年华  付莎莎  李熙 《湖泊科学》2018,30(1):199-210

基于环境水动力学模型EFDC源程序,建立了染色剂模型和水龄模型,在将模型与航测水文数据验证吻合的基础上,分别计算了鄱阳湖自然条件下春、夏、秋、冬季的水龄和倒灌前后鄱阳湖染色剂和水龄分布的变化,以及五河水系各分支河流水龄.分季节的水龄计算表明鄱阳湖水体交换受季节性来水影响明显.夏、秋季的水龄相对较小,在多数年份又受到长江水倒灌的影响导致水龄有所增大;冬、春季水龄较大,亦无长江水倒灌现象,相较于夏、秋季,水域面积明显减少.分支流的水龄计算表明,西南湖区的水体交换主要受到赣江的影响,西北湖区水体交换主要受到修水和赣江的影响,南部湖区主要受到抚河与信江的影响,东部湖区主要受到饶河的影响,湖心区和入江水道则受到五河水系的综合影响.同时水龄的研究表明拟建的鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程"调枯不调洪"的原则是合理的,为鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程论证提供了重要的参考依据.  相似文献   

亚热带地区发育于不同母岩风化壳上的红壤磁学特征对比及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑兴芬  吕镔  陈梓炫  马兴悦  赵国永 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3509-3523

本研究对发育于亚热带地区花岗岩和变质岩风化壳之上的两个红壤剖面进行了系统的环境磁学测量及色度分析，探讨在同一地区不同母质上发育的红壤磁性差异的原因及其环境意义.研究区的两个剖面分别位于福建省南平市高铁北站和纺织厂附近，相距约15 km，气候条件基本相同.研究结果表明：（1）较强磁性的花岗岩母质层上发育的南平北站红壤（NPN），在发育过程因母质层中多畴（MD）颗粒磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿溶解，剖面上部的淋溶层和淀积层虽以较细的稳定单畴（SSD）颗粒和少量的假单畴（PSD）颗粒磁铁矿为主，但剖面磁性自下而上减弱.相较而言，南纺红壤（NF）剖面发育在磁性较弱的变质砂岩上，其过渡层和母质层以赤铁矿为主，因成壤过程中生成较细的超顺磁（SP）磁铁矿使得土壤淋溶层和淀积层磁性增强；说明母质不同是亚热带地区红壤磁性差异的主要原因.（2） NPN和NF两个剖面的气候条件基本相同，磁性差异比色度指标差异更为显著.亚热带地区因剖面受母质影响显著，整体磁性特征不能反映气候；黄度和红度的比值（b^*/a^*）远小于磁性的差异，说明针铁矿和赤铁矿的比值更能反映研究区的平均气候状况，即反映次生磁性矿物含量的参数为更适合的气候指标.  相似文献