1961-2012年江苏省霾日时空变化特征及影响因素分析     

田心如  林惠娟  陈广昌  武艳  王伟丽 《气象与环境学报》2015,(3):29-34

利用1961—2012年江苏省69个地面气象站观测资料和2012年苏州市大气气溶胶观测资料,在对霾日进行判识和筛选的基础上,分析江苏省霾日的时空变化特征及霾与气象条件和污染物的关系。结果表明：1961—2012年江苏省各站年总霾日数均呈上升趋势,85％的台站呈极显著上升趋势;江苏省年平均霾日数呈显著上升趋势,其中2011—2012年呈急剧上升趋势;1980年前霾日的空间分布差异不明显,1980年后,沿江和苏南地区为霾的高发区,东部沿海大部地区霾日较少。霾天气主要发生在冬季和春季,以12月和1月发生最多。降水少和风速小有利于霾天气的发生;除SO2外,PM10、PM2.5和NO2等污染物浓度随着霾等级的增加而增大,其中PM2.5浓度增大明显。  相似文献   

The Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Seed Flour and Chitosan as Coagulant‐Flocculants for Water Treatment     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(8)

  相似文献   

波浪作用下渤海湾近岸海域污染物的输移扩散规律   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  

孙涛  陶建华 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(2):110-119

用物理模型实验和数学模型计算相结合的方法，研究了均匀缓坡岸滩上，规则波及不规则波浪作用下形成的沿岸流及其对岸边排放污染物输移扩散的影响。针对渤海湾的地形和主要波浪方向，研究了渤海湾主要排污口附近单纯波浪以及波浪、潮流共同作用下近岸海域内流动速度分布与相应污染物输移扩散规律。结果表明，在渤海湾近岸海域(一定范围内)，污染物输移扩散受到波浪作用的影响，表现为平行岸线方向。波浪作用使得远离污染物排放口的滩涂受污染的影响增大。  相似文献   

环太湖河道污染物负荷量的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

袁静秀  黄漪平 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(5):485-493

根据１９８７－１９８８年环太湖河道水质，水量实测资料以及环湖主要河道的流量和水质的历史资料，结合平原水网地区的水情特征，提出了环太湖河道污染物负荷量的计算方法，并分析探讨了不同设计水情下环太湖河道污染物负荷量及其时空变化。结果表明，污染物负荷量与水情关系密切，枯水年的河道入湖污染物负荷量大于丰水年。环湖２２条主要河道的入湖污染物负荷量占全部河道入湖总量的７２％－９１％，且不同污染物入湖负荷量的分布  相似文献   

成都市冬季重污染日气象条件成因分析及预报     

张波  杨柏生 《成都信息工程学院学报》1992,(3)

本文通过对成都10个重污染日进行天气学分析,将污染浓度与气象要素进行聚类、研究了重污染日形成原因及污染浓度与气象要素的关系。在此基础上,建立了SO_2、TSP日平均浓度分级预报方程。  相似文献   

Preservation of coal-waste geochemical markers in vegetation and soil on self-heating coal-waste dumps in Silesia,Poland     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(2):211-226

Occurrence and distributions of geochemical markers on vegetation and in soils covering two self-heating coal waste dumps were investigated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and compared with those of bitumen expelled on the coal waste dump surface. Presence of biomarkers, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and such polar compounds as phenols indicate that components of self-heating coal wastes indeed migrate to soils and plants surface and their characteristic fingerprints can be applied in passive monitoring to investigate migration of contaminants from self-heating coal wastes. Moreover, results allow to discriminate between the Upper- and Lower Silesian coal basins, notwithstanding value shifts caused by heating. Mechanisms enabling the migration of geochemical compounds into soils include mixing with weathered coal-waste material, transport in gases emitted due to self-heating and, indirectly, by deposition of biomass containing geochemical substances. Transport in gases involves mostly lighter compounds such as phenols, methylnaphthalenes, methylbiphenyls, etc. Distributions and values of geochemical ratios are related to differences in their boiling temperatures in the case of lighter compounds but preserve geochemical features in the case of heavier compounds such as pentacyclic trierpanes.  相似文献   

A derived probability distribution approach to stormwater quality modeling     

Jieyun Chen  Barry J. Adams 《Advances in water resources》2007

The closed-form analytical stormwater quality models are developed for simulating urban catchment pollutant buildup and washoff processes. By integrating the rainfall–runoff transformation with pollutant buildup and washoff functions, stormwater quality measures, such as the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of pollutant loads, the expected value of pollutant event mean concentrations (EMCs) and the average annual pollutant load can be derived. This paper presents methodologies and major procedures for the development of urban stormwater quality models based on derived probability distribution theory. In order to investigate the spatial variation in model parameters and its impact on stormwater pollutant buildup and washoff processes as well as pollutant loads to receiving waters, an extended form of the original rainfall–runoff transformation which is based on lumped runoff coefficient approach is proposed to differentiate runoff generation mechanisms between the impervious and pervious areas of the catchment. In addition, as a contrast to the aggregated pollutant buildup models formulated with a single lumped buildup parameter, the disaggregated form of the pollutant buildup model is proposed by introducing a number of physically-based parameters associated with pollutant buildup and washoff processes into the pollutant load models. The results from the case study indicate that analytical urban stormwater management model are capable of providing results in good agreement with the field measurements, and can be employed as alternatives to continuous simulation models in the evaluation of long-term stormwater quality measures.  相似文献   

Quantitative Evaluation of Water Deposited By Dew on Monuments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dario Camuffo  Roberta Giorio 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,107(3):655-672

Samples of White and Green Carrara marble, and three types oflimestone and brick exposed in the field vertically and horizontally were used to evaluate condensationon monuments during clear sky nights. Experiments in a simulation chamber under controlledconditions led to a general equation for the actual amount of water deposited on a surface by dew.This is determined by: How much and for how long the surface temperature falls below the dew point,the moisture content in the air and the ventilation. On clear nights, the condensation on buildingstructures facing the sky may reach some 0.2 kg m^-2 (or 0.2 mm), whereas condensation on verticalsurfaces is very small. Computation of the seasonal trend of night-time condensationshowed that the maximum amount of water condensed per night occurs in the autumn, with the moreabundant concentration of moisture in the air. The total amount of water condensed per month isfound to be a maximum in the summer-autumn period. Morning condensationfor the thermal inertia of monuments is also relevant, and has been calculated to reach the same order of magnitude as thenocturnal dew. A detailed analysis of the temperature and mixing ratio profiles near a condensingsurface has shown two different situations. In still air, the two profiles follow an exponentiallaw and the thermal and the concentration layers lie within a few tens of millimetres. Inthe presence of turbulence, the thickness of these two layers is dramatically reduced. In still air, infront of a vertical, chilly surface, the deposition rate of air pollutants by thermophoresis and/orStefan flow is increased by 3 or 4 times in comparison with a horizontal surface. In the presence ofturbulence, the thickness of the thermal and concentration layers was dramatically reduced, makingthese two kinds of deposition much faster.  相似文献   

徐州市大气环境质量演化规律分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周东来 《地质灾害与环境保护》1998,9(3):50-55

通过几年来对徐州市大气中二氧化硫,氮氧化物,总悬浮微粒,降尘,硫酸盐化速率等几种主要污染物演化规律的分析,阐述本区大气污染物的来源,并对大气环境质量作出初步评价,论证本区大气环境污染特征及演化趋势,为今后大气环境质量管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

北京城区夏季污染建立、维持、消退的天气过程     

赵文灿  胡开明  黄刚  陈元昭 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(4):479-489

利用北京城区污染观测站2006~2013年夏季可吸入颗粒物PM10逐日浓度检测资料,挑选所有PM10浓度大于150μg/m~3的个例,合成分析华北及北京地区风场变化情况,发现风速在污染当天变化不明显,南风与PM10的相关性普遍为正,污染当天各区南风增加较大,太行山一带甚至增长了5倍。南风异常可能会使河北、山东等地污染物向北京输送,造成北京大气污染。同时我们分析北京夏季空气污染时大气环流特征。在500 h Pa与200 h Pa,北京和内蒙古上空有显著的高压异常。在850 h Pa,环流场表现为东正西负的高度场异常,其中北京在正负异常分界线上。低层气压梯度异常会造成北京和以南地区南风异常。同时,我们发现北京污染天气伴随的高空环流异常具有准定常特征。在污染前4天,蒙古上空存在一个显著的高层高压异常。该高压异常增强并向南延伸,在污染当天控制北京和内蒙古。在污染消退期,该异常也逐渐消退。但在消退后第四天,北京和内蒙古上空依然受高压异常控制。这表明北京夏季污染和高空准定常环流异常有关。  相似文献