Formation mechanism,experimental method,and property characterization of grain-displacing methane hydrates in marine sediment: A review     

Yong-chao Zhang  Le-le Liu  Gao-wei Hu  Qing-tao Bu  Cheng-feng Li  Zheng-cai Zhang  Jian-ye Sun  Chang-ling Liu 《China Geology》2022,5(2):345-354

Grain-displacing hydrate deposits exist at many marine sites, which constitute an important part of methane hydrate resources worldwide. Attributed to the difficulties in acquiring field data and synthesizing experimental samples, the formation and property characterization of grain-displacing hydrate remains less understood and characterized than the pore-filling hydrate in current literature. This study reviews the formation mechanisms of grain-displacing hydrate from the perspective of geological accumulation and microscale sedimentary property. The experimental methods of synthesizing grain-displacing hydrate in the laboratory and the current knowledge on the property of grain-displacing hydrate sediment are also introduced. Shortcomings in current theories and suggestions for future study are proposed. The work is hoped to provide valuable insights for the research into the hydrate accumulation, geophysics, and hydrate exploitation targeted at the grain-displacing hydrate in the marine sediments.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Production of Levulinic Acid from Bagasse and Paddy Straw by Liquefaction in the Presence of Hydrochloride Acid     

Lifeng Yan  Naikun Yang  Hao Pang  Bing Liao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):158-163

A method of levulinic acid production from bagasse and paddy straw is presented. Biomass waste was mixed with hydrochloride acid and water, and then liquefied at about 200°C in a pressurized reactor. Both the mass of the biomass and the amount of hydrochloride acid were kept as constants, and the effects of temperature, reaction time, and acid concentration on the levulinic acid yield were studied. It was found that the yield of levulinic acid was maximum when the reaction temperature was carried out for 45 min at 220°C using 4.45% concentration of hydrochloride acid, and the maximum yields of levulinic acid were 22.8 and 23.7% for bagasse and paddy straw, respectively. The products were analyzed using NMR, HPLC, and GC/MS.  相似文献   

2015年尼泊尔8.1级地震前后拉萨地电场观测数据变化分析^*     

席继楼  关华平  刘超  庄楠  杨晓明  张治国  次卓嘎  格桑卓玛  马爱明 《地震》2016,36(2):1-13

2015年4月25日尼泊尔8.1级强烈地震前后,拉萨地磁台(以下简称“拉萨台”)地电场观测数据出现了长时间、大幅度异常变化。在对拉萨台地电场观测条件、观测系统以及观测结果进行初步讨论的基础上,利用“能量合成累加”和“MSA功率谱分析”等数据处理方法,从“时间域”和“频率域”两个方面,对该异常变化的主要特征和演化过程进行了分析。结果显示,尼泊尔8.1级地震前后,拉萨台的地电场观测数据异常变化,经历了“趋势变化-扰动变化-发震期-恢复期”等发展阶段,以及“低频变化-高频变化-平稳变化-高频变化”等演化过程。综合分析认为,拉萨台地电场观测异常变化特征和演化过程,与相关现象和机理研究结果基本吻合,能够完整反映强烈地震孕育、发生和发展全过程,是具有一定客观性、典型性和代表性的珍贵资料。  相似文献   

常压法合成Methomyl的研究     

钱佐国  孙明昆  杨福顺  孙林枫  周曾昊 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(3)

提出一种合成Methomyl的改良法。该方法的特点是反应可在常压下进行。对常压反应的优宜条件作了系统研究,并讨论了反应机理。  相似文献   

褐藻酸苄酯的合成与表征     

甘纯玑  蔡乐琤 《海洋科学》1990,14(2):45-47

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Sources and hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in Quaternary sediments: A synthesis of studies from the Central Gulf of California     

Bernd R. T. Simoneit 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1986,3(4)

Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone.  相似文献   

BPM载频产生器的研制     

陈淑芳  王丹妮  边玉敬 《时间频率学报》1997,(1)

介绍BPM短波投时台新的载频产生器的设计与实现。该BPM载频产生器以原子颁标的5MHz标频信号为参考，利用频率合成技术，产生出供发射机使用的2．5MHz、5MHz、10MHz、15MHz和20MHz五种高准确度的载频信号。这些信号既能单独输出，也可利用面板控制或遥控选择输出。为了保证系统的可靠性，来用了两冗余结构。并设置了必要的报警与指示。  相似文献   

1951-2008年辽宁冰雹的时空分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘晓梅  李晶  戴萍  刘明  魏楠  刘凤辉  黄晓萍  郭玉娟 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(5):24-26

选取1951-2008年辽宁省56个站气象资料和中国气象灾害大典等资料,对冰雹时空分布进行了统计分析。结果表明：辽宁冰雹日数以山地为最多,丘陵次之,平原和沿海最少。移动路径基本与山脉、河流、海岸线等地形走向一致。冰雹具有明显的季节变化,主要出现在4-10月。5-6月为冰雹多发期,6月为最多,5月次之。近30a辽宁省年冰雹日数呈减少趋势。冰雹发生主要集中在中午至傍晚。辽西走廊、辽宁中部平原及辽东半岛南部大连地区为冰雹灾害重点防御区。产生冰雹的天气系统按高空形势分类主要有4种：冷涡、冷涡后部横槽、高空槽和槽后西北气流,对应地面形势多为低压冷锋。  相似文献   

东南沿海地震区地震活动特性与未来趋势分析     

易志刚  李祥村 《地震》1997,17(2):175-183

根据地震资料，对东南沿海地震区地震活动特下及未来趋势进行了初步分析与研究，结果表明：（１）从地震活动轮回分析，东南沿海地震区从１９５９年开始的第五个轮回中的地震活动时段，估计将延续到２０３１年前后结束，而后转入本轮回的平静时段；（２）２０００年以前，研究区有可能发生１次Ｍｓ≥６．０地震，到２００５到则最多发生２次；（３）东南沿海地震区下一次发生Ｍｓ≥６．０地震的地区可能在河源－邵武地震带上，尤其可  相似文献   

A2O·3MoO3·3H2O(A＝Na、K)晶须的合成与表征          下载免费PDF全文

岳涛  朱黎霞  高世扬  夏树屏 《盐湖研究》2003,11(1):41-44

在常温条件下合成了两种钾、钠的钼酸盐晶须 ,用FT -IR和XRD对其结构进行了分析 ,SEM照片清晰表明这两种化合物为针状晶须。  相似文献