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太湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
确定河流鱼类群落的时空分布格局及其形成机制是开展鱼类物种多样性保护与管理的科学基础.基于2013年10月和2014年5月共2次对太湖流域57个河道样点的调查数据,初步研究太湖流域河流鱼类群落结构及其多样性的季节动态和空间分布特点.共采集鱼类5051尾,计46种,其中鲤科鱼类26种,占全部物种数的57%.10月份的鱼类多样性显著高于5月份,且2个季度的鱼类群落结构存在显著性差异.5个主要水系间的鱼类多样性差异显著,总体上,沿江水系和洮滆水系鱼类多样性较低,黄浦江水系居中,而南河水系和苕溪水系较高;鱼类群落结构也随水系而显著变化,主要表现为黄浦江水系与洮滆、苕溪和沿江水系呈显著差异.在2个一级生态分区之间,鱼类多样性无显著差异但群落结构显著不同,主要因、鲫、似鳊等优势种及宽鳍鱲、尖头鱥、中华青鳉、食蚊鱼等偶见种的空间分布差异所引起;在4个二级生态分区之间,鱼类多样性和群落结构均存在显著的空间变化. 相似文献
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Domain decomposition and matching for time-domain analysis of motions of ships advancing in head sea
A domain decomposition and matching method in the time-domain is outlined for simulating the motions of ships advancing in waves. The flow field is decomposed into inner and outer domains by an imaginary control surface, and the Rankine source method is applied to the inner domain while the transient Green function method is used in the outer domain. Two initial boundary value problems are matched on the control surface. The corresponding numerical codes are developed, and the added masses, wave exciting forces and ship motions advancing in head sea for Series 60 ship and S175 containership, are presented and verified. A good agreement has been obtained when the numerical results are compared with the experimental data and other references. It shows that the present method is more efficient because of the panel discretization only in the inner domain during the numerical calculation, and good numerical stability is proved to avoid divergence problem regarding ships with flare. 相似文献
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VLCC油船波浪增阻预报方法的实用修正 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来随着船舶环保和营运性能要求更高,波浪增阻预报正变得越来越重要。由于存在假设和简化,势流理论方法的短波增阻预报精度差,而经验方法在不同船型中的适用性不强。以有航速VLCC船迎浪航行为例,考虑吃水和航速影响,对理论和半经验方法的波浪增阻结果进行验证和比较分析,并总结出适用特定船型的快速精确预报方法。理论方法基于水平线段移动脉动源的三维面元法求解速度势问题,进而采用三维船体辐射能量法得到船舶辐射增阻,基于二阶波浪力定常分量公式计算得到绕射增阻;经验方法采用ISO15016-2015推荐的STAWAVE2方法。通过分析辐射和绕射增阻占比,讨论了目前方法的适用范围,进而对半经验方法的修正系数进行了研究,给出了反映相似船型和航速特征的改进公式。 相似文献
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A technique for the evaluation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of ships is outlined for ship oscillating in a numerical wave tank, which is established on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theories. The numerical simulation of ship sections and bodies forced oscillating in the tank are carried out. The added mass and damping coefficients are obtained by the decomposition of the computational results, which agree well with the corresponding ones of potential theories. 相似文献
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How to evaluate time-domain Green function and its gradients efficiently is the key problem to analyze ship hydrodynamics in time domain.Based on the Bessel function,an Ordinary Differential Equation(ODE)was derived for time-domain Green function and its gradients in this paper.A new efficient calculation method based on solving ODE is proposed.It has been demonstrated by the numerical calculation that this method can improve the precision of the time-domain Green function.Numerical research indicates that it is efficient to solve the hydrodynamic problems. 相似文献
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喜马拉雅地区河流发育是青藏高原地学研究中最具争议的科学问题之一。一个多世纪以来曾有多种假说解释该地区河流奇特地貌的形成过程及其机制，但受可利用的研究材料所限，地学研究仍未取得一致性认识。现生淡水鱼类携带的遗传信息为认识河流的演化过程提供了生物学的解决方案。本研究采用喜马拉雅地区分布的裸裂尻鱼属(Schizopygopsis)和裸鲤属(Gymnocypris)鱼类为研究对象，在对其分布范围全覆盖采样的基础上(共计22个地理种群),采用线粒体cyt b基因，分析了种群遗传结构，并通过重建其谱系地理结构和演化历史，揭示喜马拉雅地区河流的发育历史。研究结果显示，520尾样本中，共检测到101个单倍型；每条水系均含有特有单倍型，但多庆错与亚东河，佩枯错与朋曲，以及雅鲁藏布江、帕隆藏布、然乌湖分别存在共享单倍型；朋曲、雅鲁藏布江、亚东河种群在晚更新经历了快速扩张；系统发育分析将喜马拉雅地区裸裂尻鱼属和裸鲤属鱼类分为4个高度支持的谱系，在空间上依次对应为西巴霞曲-错那、亚东、朋曲-佩枯错以及雅鲁藏布江中上游-帕隆藏布；分子估算的分化时间表明这些谱系的分歧发生在中更新世最大冰期(聂聂雄拉冰期)以来。分... 相似文献
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