舟山群岛外海域鱼类数量分布与环境因子的关系     

于南京  俞存根  许永久  陈立红  许恒涛  王慧君  张佩怡  刘坤 《海洋学报》2020,42(10):80-91

根据2018年4月（春季）和10月（秋季）在舟山群岛外海域进行的渔业资源调查资料，分析了鱼类的种类组成、数量分布和优势种，并用典范对应分析方法分析了其与水文环境之间的关系。结果表明，舟山群岛外海域鱼类有106种，隶属于12目47科80属，春、秋季鱼类质量密度分别为210.50 kg/km2和829.06 kg/km2，尾数密度分别为8.08×103 ind/km2和165.94×103 ind/km2。春季鱼类资源密度在调查海域的西北部较高，东部较低，而秋季鱼类资源密度在东部海域较高，西北部海域较低。两个季节的鱼类优势种更替明显，春季优势种为黄鮟鱇（Lophius litulon）、日本红娘鱼（Lepidotrigla japonica）、细条天竺鲷（Apogon lineatus），秋季为细条天竺鲷、日本发光鲷（Acropom japonicum）。鱼类种数呈现显著的季节和空间变化，但是都以西部以及西北部靠近近岸岛屿的海域种类数较高，大部分鱼类栖息在50～80 m水深海域。典范对应分析结果表明，表层温度、底层温度、表层盐度是影响调查海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

外来入侵植物分布格局及与环境和人为因子的关系——以五个自然保护区为例(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张渊媛  冯金朝  桑卫国  薛达元 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2012,(3):278-283

以5个保护区为例来探究外来入侵植物与环境及人为因子间的关系。利用CCA分析了环境变量与外来入侵植物丰度的关系,采用了多元回归得出了与外来入侵植物最为相关的环境与人为因子。结果显示,从泰山自然保护区到丰林自然保护区,外来入侵植物分别为25种、12种、13种、5种、5种,沿着包括纬度、最高温度,最低温度、最高降雨量等环境因子强度的降低而下滑。而同时,外来入侵植物的数量随着人为活动的干扰度增强而增加。从起源上来看,热带成分从31%降至0,而北美起源的植物则逐渐增加。从科的组成上看,五个自然保护区中均有菊科分布,所占比例分别为15%、33%、36%、 40% 和20%,显示了其世界广布的特性,而其他科属入侵植物的分布并不均衡。从生活型上看,一年生或多年生草本植物为主要成分。外来入侵植物的传入途径在很大程度上受人类活动及利用喜好的驱动。  相似文献   

太湖浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化特征及湖区差异   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

王颖雪  王沛芳  王超  刘佳佳  王睿喆 《湖泊科学》2015,27(2):258-265

近年来随着社会经济的发展,排入太湖的污水中重金属含量不断增加,为研究太湖浮游植物中重金属的污染状况,分别于2009年春季(4月)、夏季(7月)和冬季(12月)对太湖不同湖区展开调查,通过HCA聚类分析和Pearson相关分析探讨不同湖区浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化,并与优势藻种进行CCA分析,对浮游植物重金属与各藻种关系进行初步探讨.结果表明:太湖浮游植物中重金属的含量大小为:ZnMnPbCuNiCrAsCdHg,其中Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Ni的季节变化明显,Zn和Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr之间的相关系数很高且具有同源性.通过对比不同湖区,发现北部梅梁湾的浮游植物重金属含量较高,东太湖和湖心区含量均低于沿岸湖区.CCA分析表明春季重金属与优势藻种呈正相关,而夏季和冬季二者呈负相关.三季中重金属与蓝藻和绿藻的相关性最高,与隐藻的相关性最低.蓝藻中,重金属与铜绿微囊藻的相关性高于水华微囊藻.  相似文献   

黄海中南部近岸海域春季鱼类浮游生物群落空间格局研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

肖欢欢  张崇良  徐宾铎  薛莹  刘鸿  李增光  任一平 《海洋学报》2017,39(8):34-47

根据2015年春季在黄海中南部近岸海域进行的鱼类浮游生物大型浮游生物网水平拖网数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,本次调查共采集到鱼类浮游生物35种,其中鱼卵21种,仔稚鱼23种。鱼类浮游生物隶属于8目18科34属,优势种为鳀（Engraulis japonicus）、鲬（Platycephalus indicus）、鱼衔属（Callionymus spp.）和小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）。其中,鳀和鱼衔属主要分布于海州湾渔场海域,鲬主要分布于吕泗渔场海域,小黄鱼多分布于吕泗渔场北部海域。生态类型包括半咸水型、沿岸型和近海型种类。聚类分析表明,鱼类浮游生物群落可划分为以鱼衔属、鳀为优势种的站位组A（主要分布于海州湾海域）、以小黄鱼、黄鲫（Setipinna taty）等为优势种的站位组B（主要位于江苏沿岸海域）和以鲬为优势种的站位组C（主要位于江苏沿岸-近海海域）,以站位组B的群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。各站位组的鱼类浮游生物的生态类型和适温类型组成不同,这与其所处的海域生境有关。典范对应分析（CCA）表明,影响春季黄海中南部鱼类浮游生物群落空间结构的主要环境因子为水深和表层温度。同时也受洋流、底质类型等多种因素的综合影响。研究结果初步揭示了黄海中南部近岸海域鱼类浮游生物群落的空间格局,可为今后科学制定该海域水产种质资源保护区、资源量化管理等资源养护管理措施提供科学依据与技术支撑。  相似文献   

经济发展梯度影响下的江苏农用地土壤重金属含量分布格局   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

吴绍华  周生路  张红富  赵其国 《地理科学》2008,28(3)

根据江苏省农用地22个标准样地的7种重金属元素含量测定结果,应用TWINSPAN分类、CCA排序的多元统计方法,对江苏农用地耕作层土壤重金属元素含量格局和影响因子进行了定量分析.研究结果表明,江苏耕作层土壤重金属元素含量整体特征具有明显的沿经济发展梯度(苏南-苏中-苏北)的递减格局.空间位置、人类活动强度、土壤理化性质是控制梯度分布格局重要的环境因素,通过变量分离,空间变量解释的部分占21.5%,人为活动变量解释部分占17.9%,理化性质变量解释部分占17.5%,三组变量总解释量占56.9%,不能解释部分占43.1%.人类活动与空间位置因素一起可以综合反映江苏经济发展的空间梯度,其占了总解释量的69.2%,经济发展梯度对农用地重金属元素含量有着深刻的影响.  相似文献   

Development of a diatom-based specific conductivity model for the glacio-isostatic lakes of Truelove Lowland: implications for paleoconductivity and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in Devon Island lakes, N.W.T., Canada     

Sai L. Ng  Roger H. King 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(4):367-382

Diatoms are identified and enumerated from the surface sediments of 100 lakes of Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T., Canada. These lakes range from large oligotrophic lakes, to small tundra ponds, to coastal marine lagoons which are diverse in terms of ionic concentration and composition. The relationship between diatoms and 15 limnological variables is examined using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Specific conductivity is identified as the most important variable influencing the distribution of diatoms in the Truelove lakes. A Weighted Averaging (WA) calibration model is developed to predict diatom-inferred specific conductivity. The reliability of the model is tested by evaluating the correlation between observed and diatom-inferred values and determining the error of prediction by bootstrapping. The applicability of the predictive conductivity equation is demonstrated by reconstructing the paleoconductivity history of Fish Lake.  相似文献   

Plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features     

Xiaoan Zuo  Halin Zhao  Xueyong Zhao  Yirui Guo  Yulin Li  Yayong Luo 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1111-1120

A survey was conducted in an 11-year recovery mobile dune (RMD11) and a 20-year recovery mobile dune (RMD20), in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China, to determine plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features. The results showed that (1) vegetation cover and species number increased from dune top to bottom in the restoration process of mobile dune; (2) the average value of soil organic C, total N, pH, relative height of sampling site, very fine sand content and soil water contents (40−60 and 60−80 cm) of RMD11 were less than that of RMD20, respectively, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two dunes; (3) soil resources were redistributed by shrub restoration and relative height of sampling site on dune. The distribution of sand pioneer plant, Agriophyllum squarrosum, was positively related to the relative height of sampling site and soil water content, while that of other herbaceous plants was positively related to soil nutrients in the restoration process of mobile dune. These results suggest that at mobile dune scale, plant distributions are determined by a combination of soil properties and topographic feature. Much effort should be made to preserve the interdune lowland and to improve the level of soil nutrients on mobile dune.  相似文献   

EOF-CCA模型在山东季降水预测中的应用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

胡桂芳  张苏平  谢考宪 《气象》2000,26(7):12-16

首先介绍了ＥＯＦ－ＣＣＡ模型的基本原理及建模步骤,阐明了经验正交函数分解（ＥＯＦ）和典型相关分析（ＣＣＡ）两种统计方法在短期气候预测应用中结合的必然性及优越性,并指出该模型可由一个气候场或多个气候场去预报另一个气候场。然后以山东１３站的报隆水量场为预报场,分别以前期整个北半球和东亚区域的５００ｈＰａ月平均们势高场为因子场,建立了位势高度场的前１３个主分量场与季降水场之间的ＥＯＦ－ＣＣＡ模型,最后对  相似文献   

Surface sediment Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) distributions along an ecotonal transect in subarctic Fennoscandia: developing a tool for palaeotemperature reconstructions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Heikki Olander  Atte Korhola  Tom Blom 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,18(1):45-59

We used multivariate statistical techniques to analyse the distributions of surface sediment chironomid assemblages with respect to surface-water temperature, and an additional set of 27 environmental variables, in 30 freshwater lakes of northern Fennoscandia. Our study transect spans boreal coniferous forest to subarctic tundra and includes a steep temperature gradient. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with forward selection and associated Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that there were statistically significant (P<0.05) relationships between chironomid distributions and two environmental variables, namely lakewater temperature and maximum lake depth. A constrained CCA with temperature as the only predictor variable suggested that the relationship between lakewater temperature and chironomid composition was sufficiently robust for developing a weighted-averaging (WA) based quantitative inference model that will allow palaeotemperature reconstructions using subfossil chironomid remains preserved in lake sediments.  相似文献   

Quantitative classification and analysis on plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River     

ZHANG Yuanming  CHEN Yaning  ZHANG Daoyuan 《地理学报》2003,13(2):225-232

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.  相似文献