Long-term hydrology and aquatic biogeochemistry data from H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest,Cascade Mountains,Oregon     

Sherri L. Johnson  Don Henshaw  Greg Downing  Steve Wondzell  Mark Schulze  Adam Kennedy  Greg Cohn  Stephanie A. Schmidt  Julia A. Jones 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14187

The H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) encompasses the 6400 ha Lookout Creek watershed in western Oregon, USA. Hydrologic, chemistry and precipitation data have been collected, curated, and archived for up to 70 years. The HJA was established in 1948 to study the effects of harvest of old-growth conifer forest and logging-road construction on water quality, quantity and vegetation succession. Over time, research questions have expanded to include terrestrial and aquatic species, communities and ecosystem dynamics. There are nine small experimental watersheds and 10 gaging stations in the HJA, including both reference and experimentally treated watersheds. Gaged watershed areas range from 8.5 to 6242 ha. All gaging stations record stage height, water conductivity, water temperature and above-stream air temperature. At nine of the gage sites, flow-proportional water samples are collected and composited over 3-week intervals for chemical analysis. Analysis of stream and precipitation chemistry began in 1968. Analytes include dissolved and particulate species of nitrogen and phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, pH, specific conductance, suspended sediment, alkalinity, and major cations and anions. Supporting climate measurements began in the 1950s in association with the first small watershed experiments. Over time, and following the initiation of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) grant in 1980, infrastructure expanded to include a set of benchmark and secondary meteorological stations located in clearings spanning the elevation range within the Lookout Creek watershed, as well as a large number of forest understory temperature stations. Extensive metadata on sensor configurations, changes in methods over time, sensor accuracy and precision, and data quality control flags are associated with the HJA data.  相似文献   

Vulnerable groups and preliminary insights into intersecting categories of identity in Laamu Atoll,Maldives     

Karen E. McNamara  Rachel Clissold 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(3):410-428

The notion of vulnerability has acquired a significant role in discussions around reducing risk and identifying vulnerable groups, which is particularly important for targeting risk‐reducing policy and practice. Through ten semi‐structured interviews with 24 stakeholders, this study collected local perceptions on the following groups considered most vulnerable in Laamu Atoll, Maldives: youth and children, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, displaced persons and migrants, and farmers. In doing this, the significance of intersecting categories of identity for understanding vulnerability emerged and was explored; an approach that is often absent or scarcely applied in studies that identify vulnerable groups in the Maldives and elsewhere. Intersections between location, youth and gender or disability, as well as gender and marital status emerged as relevant for the Laamu Atoll context. Although this study acknowledges the incompleteness of its intersectional analysis, these findings provide important preliminary insights into the role of intersectionality in shaping vulnerability experience. To enhance scholarship on vulnerability, future studies could further explore intersectionality in Laamu Atoll and the Maldives using this study as a base and also improve its practical applicability for policy and practice.  相似文献   

钻井局域网实时监控设备研发          下载免费PDF全文

韩晓玲  闫思江  韩文峰  张圣杰  韩红玲 《探矿工程》2020,47(12):30-35

为实现钻井指挥部对各钻井站点钻采工艺的远程监控，在前期钻井工艺参数自动实时监测的单机研发基础上,本文应用TIA portal软件进行主站从站组网监控研究，实验设备用Siemens1200PLC做主控机，用Siemens200PLC做从站控制机监控钻采现场工艺参数，通过主控机与各从站点组态，实现主控机对从站主从控制。装机后在钻采现场进行了无线网传输实验，实验结果表明:应用互联网通信技术解决无线网断点续传问题，能够实现了钻采实时监控数据短距离传输。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地南缘8.5 ka以来的黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制          下载免费PDF全文

吕爽  韩文霞  张涛  韩凤清  卢胜城  马学海  张志高 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3053-3066

黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标，其中磁化率应用最为广泛，并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展，其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区，磁化率的变化机制仍不明确，导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面（羊场剖面）开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究，利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示，羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制，同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（8.5~2.5 ka），载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主，磁化率值整体较高；阶段Ⅱ（2.5~0.2 ka），亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位，但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多，磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明：阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性，符合"风速论"模式；阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系，而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系，暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解，也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

Sedimentary and geochemical characterization of Middle–Late Miocene formations in the Neogene Tsugaru Basin,Japan by means of DTH27‐1 well sediment analysis     

Paolo Martizzi  Shun Chiyonobu  Hiroyuki Arato 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

Middle–Late Miocene age siliceous formations outcropping along the northwestern side of Honshu Island are considered prospective source rocks for hydrocarbons. An analysis of geophysical, sedimentological, and geochemical properties is essential to evaluate the formations' source potential, and to understand the factors that determined the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. This study investigates the Middle–Late Miocene geological record of the Tsugaru back‐arc basin, located in the western part of Aomori prefecture, through an analysis of a 200 m long portion of a core from the DTH27‐1 well; this core is composed of the diatomaceous siltstones of the Akaishi Formation and the siliceous mudstones of the Odoji Formation. Sedimentological and geophysical characterization showed that the Akaishi Formation's diatomaceous siltstones are mostly massive and bioturbated, have low magnetic susceptibility, and demonstrate moderate natural radioactivity. Although the Odoji Formation's siliceous mudstones are massive, they have exceedingly low magnetic susceptibility and high natural radioactivity. Geochemical data from a Rock‐Eval Pyrolysis such as total organic carbon and generative potential (S1 + S2) revealed that, in the Tsugaru area, only the Odoji Formation is a likely prospective source rock for hydrocarbons. On the other hand, T_max values indicate that both the formations are thermally immature for generating hydrocarbons. The difference between the Akaishi and Odoji Formation in the sedimentological facies, in terms of the degree of bioturbation and the organic carbon content, indicates variations in lithological properties, such as porosity and grain size; moreover, this difference indicates a variation in the paleo‐oxygenation of bottom waters, with the transition from oxygen‐deficient conditions in the Middle Miocene to the more oxygenated conditions in the Late Miocene. Both the lithological and paleo‐environmental factors possibly influenced the organic richness in the two formations.  相似文献   

滇西南钾盐调查MK-3大口径超深井绳索取心钻进工艺          下载免费PDF全文

吕利强 《探矿工程》2020,47(3):53-58

滇西南中生代盐盆地钾盐资源调查评价项目MK-3井，设计井深2700 m，全孔取心，岩心直径≮80 mm，一般井段岩心采取率达到80%以上，盐岩段岩心采取率＞95%。工程技术要求高，施工难度大。施工中遇到了地层坍塌、涌水、掉块、盐岩溶蚀等问题，通过采用氯化镁饱和盐水冲洗液，HXY-9B型钻机取心钻进、TSJ-2000型水源钻机扩孔钻进，分级下管隔离等措施，圆满完成了钻探任务。完钻井深2701 m，岩心采取率90%，盐岩段岩心采取率达98.65%，终孔口径127 mm，岩心直径81 mm。经地球物理测井，各项指标都达到了设计要求。刷新了国内CHD127标准绳索取心钻杆P口径钻探深度的记录。  相似文献   

基态位涡径向分布对浅水涡旋系统动力稳定性的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘爽  钟玮  刘宇迪 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2207-2219

本文基于正压浅水模型，分析基态位涡（Potential Vorticity：PV）结构对热带气旋（Tropical Cyclone：TC）类涡旋系统稳定性及其波动特征的影响.通过引入基态PV结构参数：宽度δ（眼墙内外边界涡度发生陡变的半径长度之比）和中空度γ（眼心相对涡度与内核区域平均相对涡度之比），设计具有相同基流最大切向风速和最大风速半径的170组不同基态PV环结构的敏感性试验，并讨论了不同基态PV结构下涡旋系统最不稳定波数（the most unstable wavenumber：MUWN）和系统最不稳定模态（the most unstable mode of System：MUMS）的特征频率及其不稳定增长率的大小.结果指出：当PV环较宽，系统表现为低波数最不稳定，相应的MUMS为低频波且增长率小；当PV环较窄，系统表现为高波数不稳定，且PV环越实最不稳定波数越高；当PV环窄且空时，MUMS均为中高频波动，且不稳定增长率随PV环的宽度变窄和中空度变空而明显增大.分析典型PV结构下系统演变特征可知，当PV环较宽，MUMS表现为具有平衡约束的低频波动的线性不稳定特征；当PV环趋向窄且空时，MUMS的平衡性约束趋向弱化，同时不稳定增长表现为明显的指数型增长.进一步讨论系统内部非对称结构的形成和传播机制发现，对于弱不稳定的PV环来说，低波数波最不稳定的特征波动具有典型涡旋Rossby波特征；而对于强不稳定的PV环来说，高波数不稳定的特征波动混合波性质明显.  相似文献   

基于BSWT-DDTFA方法的地球天然脉冲电磁场震前信号时频分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

郝国成  白雨晓  吴敏  王巍  刘辉 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4063-4074

地球天然脉冲电磁场（ENPEMF）信号，可理解为地球天然变化磁场的瞬间扰动，携带了大量有用的地质构造及其动力学信息.研究ENPEMF信号所蕴含的时间-频率联合分布特点，有利于深入了解目标对象的地球物理现象及其地质动力学原理.本文针对ENPEMF信号的非平稳特点，在数据驱动时频分析方法（DDTFA）的基础上提出了基于二值化同步压缩小波变换的改进算法（BSWT-DDTFA）.该算法可以实现数据驱动初始相位自动赋值的功能，具有自适应性.实验仿真和实际数据均证明了该改进算法不仅能够得到较为精确的频率曲线和更加清晰的时频分布，而且具有较强的抗噪声能力.以2013年芦山M_S7.0地震为例，利用BSWT-DDTFA方法提取ENPEMF信号的时频特性，结果表明ENPEMF信号的时间-频率-幅度分布在震前有明显的异常特征.  相似文献   

Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region     

Liu Fang  Zhang Fan  Li Bin  Na Re 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):53-63

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network, the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January, 2009 to September, 2016 are derived, and the seismic moment M₀ and moment magnitude M_W of the earthquakes are calculated. The M_L-M_W relationship and the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method. It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content, thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.  相似文献   

内蒙古鲁新井田水文地质条件研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵志强  安美艳  高奎锋  王兆亮  王福芝 《山东国土资源》2018,34(6)

矿产资源开发导致了地下水失衡,地下水失衡又给矿产开发造成了极大的安全隐患,近年来,矿产资源开发与地下水环境保护之间的矛盾愈发凸显。通过对内蒙古鲁新井田典型的水文地质条件进行分析研究,分析采矿导致地下水失衡机理,深入剖析矿井开采充水条件及矿山开发对地下水环境的影响,合理提出了促进矿产开发与地下水保护相互协调的对策建议,为实现"采矿保水"协调统一提供了基础地质依据。为类似地区矿产开发过程中遵循自然规律,趋利避害,保障生产安全,保护地下水环境安全,实现资源绿色开发有较好的指导借鉴作用。  相似文献