基于全波形采样的激电多信息提取方法研究与应用     

李建华  林品荣  何畏  郑采君  丁卫忠  刘昕卓 《地球物理学进展》2020,(1):132-138

激电法是地质勘查中的一种重要方法,时、频域测量各具优势,但传统的时、频域测量实现方法相对独立.根据频域和时域可相互转换的理论,本文提出一种基于全波形采样的时频激电多参数提取的地球物理数据处理方法.采取时间域激电法的观测模式,接收机高精度同步记录整周期电压-电流全部采样点的波形数据,通过该文提出的处理方法,仅一次供电和测量即可提取多种时、频域激电参数:时域激电的视电阻率、视极化率和频域激电的多频视电阻率、视相位、视频散率、去耦后的视相位等参数.在云南保山某典型矿区开展方法的试验应用,提取了地质体大量的相关激电信息,总结了目标体的激电参数响应规律.应用结果表明,该方法便捷高效,抗干扰能力强,相较于传统的时域激电测量,多种参数组合可提升对目标地质体的认识,增强激电法的应用效果.  相似文献   

Effects of aperture on Marchenko focussing functions and their radiation behaviour at depth     

Yanadet Sripanich  Ivan Vasconcelos 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(2):443-454

A focussing function is a specially constructed field that focusses on to a purely downgoing pulse at a specified subsurface position upon injection into the medium. Such focussing functions are key ingredients in the Marchenko method and in its applications such as retrieving Green's functions, redatuming, imaging with multiples and synthesizing the response of virtual sources/receiver arrays at depth. In this study, we show how the focussing function and its corresponding focussed response at a specified subsurface position are heavily influenced by the aperture of the source/receiver array at the surface. We describe such effects by considering focussing functions in the context of time-domain imaging, offering explicit connections between time processing and Marchenko focussing. In particular, we show that the focussed response radiates in the direction perpendicular to the line drawn from the centre of the surface data array aperture to the focussed position in the time-imaging domain, that is, in time-migration coordinates. The corresponding direction in the Cartesian domain follows from the sum (superposition) of the time-domain direction and the directional change due to time-to-depth conversion. Therefore, the result from this study provides a better understanding of focussing functions and has implications in applications such as the construction of amplitude-preserving redatuming and imaging, where the directional dependence of the focussed response plays a key role in controlling amplitude distortions.  相似文献   

Research on the Methods of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation for Active Hydrogen Maserstwo     

《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(2):292-304

Active hydrogen maser is the main frequency standard for establishing and maintaining the time scale. It has the characteristics of high short-term stability and low phase noise. At present, it plays an increasingly important role in the international atomic time (TAI) and various local time scales. Firstly, in combination with the internal state parameters of an active hydrogen maser, the correlation between the internal state parameters and the comparison data of a hydrogen maser is analyzed, and a method for the performance monitoring of a hydrogen maser is proposed. Secondly, according to the characteristics of hydrogen maser performance, a method for evaluating the performance of a hydrogen maser is given. The hydrogen maser performance includes mainly two aspects, namely the frequency stability and predictability. The performances of two types of active hydrogen masers (CH1-75 and MHM-2010) are evaluated by this method. The correlation analysis of the atomic clock state parameters and comparison data shows that the state parameter monitoring can effectively predict the variation of the hydrogen maser performance. The evaluation results of atomic clock frequency stability and predictability show that the atomic clock with a higher medium-and-long term frequency stability has a better predictability. There are two methods for the predictability evaluation, one is based on the data published by BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Measures), and another one is based on the quadratic model. Both methods are consistent with the weights published by BIPM. Therefore, the two methods can be used as a quantitative method to evaluate the predictability of a hydrogen maser.  相似文献   

基于局部倾斜叠加的快速射线束叠前时间偏移          下载免费PDF全文

陈祥忠  岳玉波  王瑞兴  刘俊成  惠梦琳 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1585-1590

宽方位高密度地震勘探可以有效的提高地震资料的空间分辨率和裂缝预测的精度,但地震道数的增加也大幅度提升了地震数据的处理成本.为提高海量地震数据偏移处理的计算效率,本文发展了一种快速射线束叠前时间偏移方法.该方法首先根据给定的射线束中心间隔将炮记录划分为一系列数据子集,然后利用倾斜叠加将数据子集分解为不同方向的平面波,最后根据射线束中心到地下成像点的双程走时和射线参数拾取相应的平面波振幅累加到成像点上.同Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移相比,本文方法不但保持了一致的成像精度,且由于仅需在稀疏的射线束中心位置进行成像累加运算,计算效率得到了大幅度的提升.文中所给出的模型和实际资料的测试结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性.  相似文献   

Deep neural network application for 4D seismic inversion to changes in pressure and saturation: Optimizing the use of synthetic training datasets     

Gustavo Côrte  Jesper Dramsch  Hamed Amini  Colin MacBeth 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2164-2185

In this work, we tackle the challenge of quantitative estimation of reservoir dynamic property variations during a period of production, directly from four-dimensional seismic data in the amplitude domain. We employ a deep neural network to invert four-dimensional seismic amplitude maps to the simultaneous changes in pressure, water and gas saturations. The method is applied to a real field data case, where, as is common in such applications, the data measured at the wells are insufficient for properly training deep neural networks, thus, the network is trained on synthetic data. Training on synthetic data offers much freedom in designing a training dataset, therefore, it is important to understand the impact of the data distribution on the inversion results. To define the best way to construct a synthetic training dataset, we perform a study on four different approaches to populating the training set making remarks on data sizes, network generality and the impact of physics-based constraints. Using the results of a reservoir simulation model to populate our training datasets, we demonstrate the benefits of restricting training samples to fluid flow consistent combinations in the dynamic reservoir property domain. With this the network learns the physical correlations present in the training set, incorporating this information into the inference process, which allows it to make inferences on properties to which the seismic data are most uncertain. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of applying regularization techniques such as adding noise to the synthetic data for training and show a possibility of estimating uncertainties in the inversion results by training multiple networks.  相似文献   

Estimating the starting time and identifying the type of urbanization based on dense time series of landsat-derived Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps – A case study of North Taiwan from 1990 to 2015     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Land cover and land use change (LCLUC) is a global phenomenon, and LCLUC in urbanizing regions has substantial impacts on humans and their environments. In this paper, a semi-automatic approach to identifying the type and starting time of urbanization was developed and tested based on dense time series of Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps derived from Landsat surface reflectance imagery. The accuracy of modeled V-I-S fractions and the estimated time of initial change in impervious cover were assessed. North Taiwan, one of the regions of the island of Taiwan that experienced the greatest urban LCLUC, was chosen as a test area, and the study period is 1990 to 2015, a period of substantial urbanization. In total, 295 dates of Landsat imagery were used to create 295 V-I-S fraction maps that were used to construct fractional cover time series for each pixel. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)s for the modeled Vegetation, Impervious, and Soil were 25 %, 22 %, 24 % respectively. The time of Urban Expansion is estimated by logistic regression applied to Impervious cover time series, while the time of change for Urban Renewal is determined by the period of brief Soil exposure. The identified location and estimated time for newly urbanized lands were generally accurate, with 80% of Urban Expansion estimated within ±2.4 years. However, the accuracy of identified Urban Renewal was relatively low. Our approach to identifying Urban Expansion with dense time series of Landsat imagery is shown to be reliable, while Urban Renewal identification is not.  相似文献   

Analysis and Comparison for Fusion Algorithms of Time Transfer     

WANG Wei-xiong  DONG Shao-wu  WU Wen-jun  GUO Dong  ZHANG Jian 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(2):224-235

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Intra-survey reservoir fluctuations – implications for quantitative 4D seismic analysis     

Veronica Omofoma  Colin MacBeth  Hamed Amini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(2):282-297

During the time taken for seismic data to be acquired, reservoir pressure may fluctuate as a consequence of field production and operational procedures and fluid fronts may move significantly. These variations prevent accurate quantitative measurement of the reservoir change using 4D seismic data. Modelling studies on the Norne field simulation model using acquisition data from ocean-bottom seismometer and towed streamer systems indicate that the pre-stack intra-survey reservoir fluctuations are important and cannot be neglected. Similarly, the time-lapse seismic image in the post-stack domain does not represent a difference between two states of the reservoir at a unique base and monitor time, but is a mixed version of reality that depends on the sequence and timing of seismic shooting. The outcome is a lack of accuracy in the measurement of reservoir changes using the resulting processed and stacked 4D seismic data. Even for perfect spatial repeatability between surveys, a spatially variant noise floor is still anticipated to remain. For our particular North Sea acquisition data, we find that towed streamer data are more affected than the ocean-bottom seismometer data. We think that this may be typical for towed streamers due to their restricted aperture compared to ocean-bottom seismometer acquisitions, even for a favourable time sequence of shooting and spatial repeatability. Importantly, the pressure signals on the near and far offset stacks commonly used in quantitative 4D seismic inversion are found to be inconsistent due to the acquisition timestamp. Saturation changes at the boundaries of fluid fronts appear to show a similar inconsistency across sub-stacks. We recommend that 4D data are shot in a consistent manner to optimize aerial time coverage, and that additionally, the timestamp of the acquisition should be used to optimize pre-stack quantitative reservoir analysis.  相似文献   

Modelling the time‐dependent behaviour of granular material with hypoplasticity          下载免费PDF全文

Shun Wang  Wei Wu  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Chong Peng  Xuzhen He 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(12):1331-1345

This paper presents a constitutive model for time‐dependent behaviour of granular material. The model consists of 2 parts representing the inviscid and viscous behaviour of granular materials. The inviscid part is a rate‐independent hypoplastic constitutive model. The viscous part is represented by a rheological model, which contains a high‐order term denoting the strain acceleration. The proposed model is validated by simulating some element tests on granular soils. Our model is able to model not only the non‐isotach behaviour but also the 3 creep stages, namely, primary, secondary, and tertiary creep, in a unified way.  相似文献   

利用GPS和GRACE分析四川地表垂向位移变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

丁一航  黄丁发  师悦龄  姜中山  陈婷 《地球物理学报》2018,61(12):4777-4788

陆地水储量的季节性变化是导致地表周期性负荷形变位移的主要因素，有效地剔除地表位移中的陆地水储量影响，是获取地壳构造垂向运动的必要过程.四川地处青藏高原东边缘，地形分区明显，境内以长江水系为主，水资源丰富，研究四川地区地表负荷形变位移，有助于分析陆地水储量的时空分布特性及地壳构造形变信息.本文利用研究区域内59个CORS站的GPS观测数据，计算了CORS站点的垂向位移，并将其与GRACE所得相应结果进行对比分析.结果显示，GPS和GRACE所得垂向位移时间序列的振幅大小整体相符，但存在明显的相位差.GPS站点振幅最大值为12.7 mm，对应HANY站，最小值为1.5 mm，对应SCMX站.GRACE所得的地表垂向位移振幅大小均为3~4 mm，且最大位移集中出现在7-9月份；而GPS站点出现最大位移的月份和地形相关，东部盆地、西北部高原和南部山地分别出现在7-8月份、10-11月份和10月份.GPS站点时间序列中的周年项与陆地水的季节性变化强相关，为了讨论陆地水储量对GPS站点位移的影响，本文利用改进的总体经验模态分解方法（MEEMD：Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition），从GPS垂向位移时间序列中提取出周年项及约2年的年际变化项.发现利用MEEMD获取的周年项改正原始GPS时间序列时可使其WRMS（Weight Root Mean Square）减少量减小约26%，结果优于最小二乘拟合方法提取的GPS周年项改正效果，验证了MEEMD方法在GPS坐标时间序列处理中的可行性及有效性.  相似文献