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A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION:BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA,NANJING,CHINA 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one. 相似文献
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ZHOUChangjiu MENGQingchun GUOZhongwen QUWeifen YINBo 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1):93-100
Robot learning in unstructured environments has been proved to be an extremely challenging problem, mainly because of many uncertainties always present in the real world. Human beings, on the other hand, seem to cope very well with uncertain and unpredictable environments, often relying on perception-based information. Furthermore, humans beings can also utilize perceptions to guide their learning on those parts of the perception-action space that are actually relevant to the task. Therefore, we conduct a research aimed at improving robot learning through the incorporation of both perceptionbased and measurement-based information. For this reason, a fuzzy reinforcement learning (FRL) agent is proposed in this paper. Based on a neural-fuzzy architecture, different kinds of information can be incorporated into the FRL agent to initialise its action network, critic network and evaluation feedback module so as to accelerate its learning. By making use of the global optimisation capability of GAs (genetic algorithms), a GA-based FRL (GAFRL) agent is presented to solve the local minima problem in traditional actor-critic reinforcement learning. On the other hand, with the prediction capability of the critic network, GAs can perform a more effective global search. Different GAFRL agents are constructed and verified by using the simulation model of a physical biped robot. The simulation analysis shows that the biped learning rate for dynamic balance can be improved by incorporating perception-based information on biped balancing and walking evaluation. The biped robot can find its application in ocean exploration, detection or sea rescue activity, as well as military maritimeac tivity. 相似文献
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通过对蓄水前后三峡库首区构造应力场进行三维数值模拟发现,相对于蓄水前,蓄水至135 m水位时,官渡口断裂-马鹿池断裂-牛口断裂围限区、秭归地理中心和九湾溪断裂带,出现了4个主应力下降区和共轭的主应力增长区,形成了差应力场;175 m水位与135 m水位相比,局部差应力场呈现逆向变化,即形成了加载效应与卸载效应的交替过程。这一过程,可能是水库诱发地震的诱震(或触震)因素。 相似文献
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本介绍撒岱沟相矿区应用激电偶极-偶极装置的找矿效果。通过对其成果分析和钻探证实:利用该装置所获资料,不仅能从断面上直观地推测出极化体的分布及产状变化,还能从不同深度的ηs平面成果中分析出极化体在地下空间赋存状态的基本轮廓。 相似文献
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在丽江高美古前期选址工作的基础上^[1-2],二期选址的望远镜地面高度的确定工作于2000年11月3日至2000年12月16日进行,采用30m铁塔的温度脉动测量装置,对6#选址观测点的近地面大气湍流进行反复多次测量,得到近地面不同高度(4-30m和8-22m)上每夜温度结构系数CT^2的平均值,对观测取得的资料作进一步处理和分析,得到高美古6#观测点的望远镜地面高度为13~15m。 相似文献
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本文用理想结构单元法对空间刚架结构进行了极限强度分析,理想结构单元法在于将结构分成最大可能的单元。以简单的形式归并几何非线性与材料非线性。按增量形式加载,直到达到极限强度。本文根据Rashed理论导出了对称的切向方程组,节省了存贮单元、改善了破坏准则的描述。算例结果与非线性有限单元法结果十分吻合。 相似文献