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渤海湾及其附近海域沉积物中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd环境背景值的研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
根据渤海湾及其毗邻河口区10柱岩芯样细颗粒(<0.063mm)(GF 1983-1985年采集)中重金属含量特点,结合^216Pb年代学编年资料,用未受人类影响沉积层中元素含量,藉统计学方法获得渤海湾岩芯样中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd的分布类型,并根据各区重金属的含量水平,用t检验法获得了渤海湾Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd的环境背景值。 相似文献
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Thomas Backhaus Rolf Altenburger sa Arrhenius Hans Blanck Michael Faust Antonio Finizio Paola Gramatica Matthias Grote Marion Junghans Wiebke Meyer Manuela Pavan Tobias Porsbring Martin Scholze Roberto Todeschini Marco Vighi Helge Walter L. Horst Grimme 《Continental Shelf Research》2003,23(17-19):1757
Freshwater and marine ecosystems are exposed to various multi-component mixtures of pollutants. Nevertheless, most ecotoxicological research and chemicals regulation focus on hazard and exposure assessment of individual substances only, the problem of chemical mixtures in the environment is ignored to a large extent. In contrast, the assessment of combination effects has a long tradition in pharmacology, where mixtures of chemicals are specifically designed to develop new products, e.g. human and veterinary drugs or agricultural and non-agricultural pesticides. In this area, two concepts are frequently used and are thought to describe fundamental relationships between single substance and mixture effects: Independent Action (Response Addition) and Concentration Addition. The question, to what extent these concepts may also be applied in an ecotoxicological and regulatory context may be considered a research topic of major importance, as the concepts would allow to make use of already existing single substance toxicity data for the predictive assessment of mixture toxicities. Two critical knowledge gaps are identified: (a) There is a lack of environmental realism, as a huge part of our current knowledge about the applicability of the concepts is restricted to artificial situations with respect to mixture composition or biological effect assessment. (b) The knowledge on what exactly is needed for using the concepts as tools for the predictive mixture toxicity assessment is insufficient. Both gaps seriously hamper the necessary, scientifically sound consideration of mixture toxicities in a regulatory context.In this paper, the two concepts will be briefly introduced, the necessity of considering the toxicities of chemical mixtures in the environment will be demonstrated and the applicability of Independent Action and Concentration Addition as tools for the prediction and assessment of mixture toxicities will be discussed. An overview of the specific aims and approaches of the BEAM project to fill in the identified knowledge gaps is given and first results are outlined. 相似文献
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The identifiability of parameters in a water quality model of the Biebrza River, Poland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The identifiability of model parameters of a steady state water quality model of the Biebrza River and the resulting variation in model results was examined by applying the Monte Carlo method which combines calibration, identifiability analysis, uncertainty analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The water quality model simulates the steady state concentration profiles of chloride, phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate as a function of distance along a river. The water quality model with the best combination of parameter values simulates the observed concentrations very well. However, the range of possible modelled concentrations obtained for other more or less equally eligible combinations of parameter values is rather wide. This range in model outcomes reflects possible errors in the model parameters. Discrepancies between the range in model outcomes and the validation data set are only caused by errors in model structure, or (measurement) errors in boundary conditions or input variables. In this sense the validation procedure is a test of model capability, where the effects of calibration errors are filtered out. It is concluded that, despite some slight deviations between model outcome and observations, the model is successful in simulating the spatial pattern of nutrient concentrations in the Biebrza River. 相似文献
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在导航电子地图中,针对驾车任务的POI自适应表达是提高导航电子地图信息传输效率的关键。针对这一问题,提出了基于重要性权值的驾车导航POI表达规则。首先,分析了POI重要性权值的影响因素;其次,从影响因素出发,研究了基于权值的POI规则表达的各规则项;最后,设计了POI自适应表达规则库,并在嵌入了数据处理规则库的绘图软件上进行了技术实现。试验结果表明,利用基于权值的POI表达规则进行地图表达,可以提高地图内容的层次性与清晰性,优化驾车导航服务。 相似文献
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Subrata Mondal Sujit Mandal 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(1):29-44
The present study deals with the preparation of a landslide susceptibility map of the Balason River basin, Darjeeling Himalaya, using a logistic regression model based on Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. The landslide inventory map was prepared with a total of 295 landslide locations extracted from various satellite images and intensive field survey. Topographical maps, satellite images, geological, geomorphological, soil, rainfall and seismic data were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database in a GIS environment. The chosen landslide-conditioning factors were altitude, slope aspect, slope angle, slope curvature, geology, geomorphology, soil, land use/land cover, normalised differential vegetation index, drainage density, lineament number density, distance from lineament, distance to drainage, stream power index, topographic wetted index, rainfall and peak ground acceleration. The produced landslide susceptibility map satisfied the decision rules and ?2 Log likelihood, Cox &; Snell R-Square and Nagelkerke R-Square values proved that all the independent variables were statistically significant. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the prediction accuracy of the landslide probability map was 96.10%. The proposed LR method can be used in other hazard/disaster studies and decision-making. 相似文献
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面向矿产资源信息的空间关联性分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
关联性分析是综合多源、多类数据,发现和挖掘数据中潜在的相关关系,提取和挖掘数据之间的关联性。该方法对于充分利用地质大数据、发现地质要素之间的共生组合规律具有重要的意义。本文首先基于数据的空间位置,将不同类型的地质空间数据建立联系,形成空间属性数据库;其次应用统计方法,对不同来源数据中的属性特征进行分析,发现热液型金矿的形成与火山作用存在明显相关性;最后基于Apriori算法提取热液型金矿的伴生矿与侵入岩的频繁项集,发现伴生矿与侵入岩酸碱性二者密切相关。因此,在今后的工作中,有望应用空间关联性的方法对地球物理、地球化学、遥感等多源地质数据开展深入的研究分析。 相似文献