烃源岩不同性质有机酸的分离及其检测方法     

杜佳宗  何蓓  蔡进功  雷天柱  刘庆  谢忠怀 《高校地质学报》2020,26(5):540-548

烃源岩中的有机酸来源于有机质，但有机质具有不同的赋存形式，有机酸具有不同性质，这将影响有机酸与不同赋存有机质的关系，进而影响分离和检测方法。文章在总结前人对有机质赋存形式和有机酸性质等特征的基础上，提出烃源岩中的有机酸并以非单一的形式存在，具有水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸三种类型，游离有机质中存在水溶性和脂溶性有机酸，而结合有机质中存在水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸。因此在检测方法上需采取分步分离的方法，且根据有机酸的性质选取合适的检测方法，即水溶性有机酸利用离子色谱检测，索氏抽提得到的脂溶性有机酸利用气相色谱—质谱检测，通过酸解抽提残渣得到的难溶性有机酸利用红外光谱检测，全面系统地认识烃源岩中有机酸含量和类型等特征。这对进一步探讨烃源岩各种类型有机酸特征和演化规律，深化烃源岩有机质生烃以及有机—无机相互作用等机理都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Origin and depositional environments of source rocks and crude oils from Niger Delta Basin: Carbon isotopic evidence     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):602-610

Thirty-nine crude oils and twenty-one rock samples from Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria have been characterized based on their isotope compositions by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The bulk carbon isotopic values of the whole rock extracts, saturate and aromatic fractions range from –28.7‰ to –26.8‰, –29.2‰ to –27.2 ‰ and –28.5 ‰ to –26.7 ‰, respectively while the bulk carbon isotopic values of the whole oils, saturate and aromatic fractions range from –25.4 ‰ to –27.8 ‰, –25.9 ‰ to –28.4 ‰ and –23.5 ‰ to –26.9 ‰, respectively. The average carbon isotopic compositions of individual alkanes (nC₁₂-nC₃₃) in the rock samples range from –34.9‰ to –28.2‰ whereas the average isotopic values of individual n-alkanes in the oils range from –31.1‰ to –23.8‰. The δ¹³C isotope ratios of pristane and phytane in the rock samples range from –29.2 ‰ to –28.2 ‰ and –30.2 ‰ to –27.4 ‰ respectively while the pristane and phytane isotopic values range from –32.1‰ to –21.9‰ and –30.5‰ to –26.9‰, respectively. The isotopic values recorded for the samples indicated that the crude oils were formed from the mixed input of terrigenous and marine organic matter and deposited under oxic to sub-oxic condition in lacustrine-fluvial/deltaic environments. The stable carbon isotopic compositions were found to be effective in assessing the origin and depositional environments of crude oils in the Niger Delta Basin.  相似文献   

青藏高原凯蒙蛇绿混杂岩中碱性火山岩的发现及意义     

潘政  史仁灯  黄启帅  陈生生  龚小晗  吴钪  杨可 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(1):18-34

班公湖-怒江洋的关闭时间直接制约青藏高原早期构造演化的认识。最近,在班公湖-怒江缝合带南侧凯蒙蛇绿混杂岩中发现一碱性火山岩,岩性主要是橄榄粗安岩,具粗面结构,斑晶主要是更长石和少量普通辉石,基质主要由更长石、普通辉石和少量填隙的碱性长石组成,有的具辉绿结构。岩石化学成分较一致,Si O2含量介于51.34%~53.91%之间,Ti O2含量为1.02%~1.55%,具有高Al2O3(17.06%~18.46%)和Na2O(4.90%~6.36%)、低K2O(0.05%~0.88%)含量特点,大多数Mg#大于60,最高68.62,里特曼指数(σ)介于3.65~4.47之间,为碱性系列火山岩;富集Sr、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Y、Yb等高场强元素,相对富集Zr、Ti,Nb/U、Zr/Nb、La/Yb等比值稳定,分别为7.45~8.51、15.92~17.26和7.26~8.06;(87Sr/86Sr)i值变化范围较小,介于0.706~0.707之间,(143Nd/144Nd)t值在0.512 368~0.512 548之间,说明源区较为一致,结合Ce/Pb-Si O2图解判断结果,认为凯蒙碱性火山岩具有原始地幔、陆壳和深海沉积物源区混合特征。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明该火山岩年龄为101.8±1.1 Ma,可能形成于洋壳俯冲阶段末期,由大陆边缘陆壳与俯冲洋壳板片断离导致软流圈地幔上涌诱发部分熔融所致,推测班公湖-怒江洋大约在早白垩世晚期关闭。  相似文献   

北大巴山早古生代辉绿岩地球化学特征及其地质意义     

张方毅  赖绍聪  秦江锋  朱韧之  杨航  朱毓 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(1):35-46

对南秦岭北大巴山地区广泛分布的一套基性岩墙群中的辉绿岩进行采样,并进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学分析。结果显示,岩石形成年龄为435~433 Ma,为早志留世晚期岩浆活动产物。这些辉绿岩具低硅、高碱、高钛的碱性岩特征。岩石微量及稀土元素具板内玄武岩特征,轻稀土元素相对富集,轻重稀土元素分异明显,富集不相容元素Ba、Nb、Ta,而K、Y、Yb相对亏损;K及Rb的负异常表明岩石源区残留角闪石或金云母,部分熔融模拟结果显示岩石起源于尖晶石角闪石岩高程度部分熔融。综合地球化学特征及前人研究结果,认为北大巴山地区在早古生代处于大规模伸展裂陷背景下,岩石圈的拉张诱发了低熔点的交代岩石圈地幔熔融,进而形成了这条碱性岩浆带。  相似文献   

Phase equilibrium modelling of the amphibolite to granulite facies transition in metabasic rocks (Ivrea Zone,NW Italy)     

Barbara E. Kunz  Richard W. White 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(7):935-950

The development of thermodynamic models for tonalitic melt and the updated clinopyroxene and amphibole models now allow the use of phase equilibrium modelling to estimate P–T conditions and melt production for anatectic mafic and intermediate rock types at high‐T conditions. The Permian mid‐lower crustal section of the Ivrea Zone preserves a metamorphic field gradient from mid amphibolite facies to granulite facies, and thus records the onset of partial melting in metabasic rocks. Interlayered metabasic and metapelitic rocks allows the direct comparison of P–T estimates and partial melting between both rock types with the same metamorphic evolution. Pseudosections for metabasic compositions calculated in the Na₂O–CaO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O (NCKFMASHTO) system are presented and compared with those of metapelitic rocks calculated with consistent end‐member data and a–x models. The results presented in this study show that P–T conditions obtained by phase equilibria modelling of both metabasic and metapelitic rocks give consistent results within uncertainties, allowing integration of results obtained for both rock types. In combination, the calculations for both metabasic and metapelitic rocks allows an updated and more precisely constrained metamorphic field gradient for Val Strona di Omegna to be defined. The new field gradient has a slightly lower dP/dT which is in better agreement with the onset of crustal thinning of the Adriatic margin during the Permian inferred in recent studies.  相似文献   

Single subduction zone for the generation of Devonian ophiolites and high‐P metamorphic belts of the Variscan Orogen (NW Iberia)     

Rubn Díez Fernndez  Ricardo Arenas  Sonia Snchez Martínez  Irene Novo‐Fernndez  Richard Albert 《地学学报》2020,32(4):239-245

Within the Variscan Orogen, Early Devonian and Late Devonian high‐P belts separated by mid‐Devonian ophiolites can be interpreted as having formed in a single subduction zone. Early Devonian convergence nucleated a Laurussia‐dipping subduction zone from an inherited lithospheric neck (peri‐Gondwanan Cambrian back‐arc). Slab‐retreat induced upper plate extension, mantle incursion and lower plate thermal softening, favouring slab‐detachment within the lower plate and diapiric exhumation of deep‐seated rocks through the overlying mantle up to relaminate the upper plate. Upper plate extension produced mid‐Devonian suprasubduction ocean floor spreading (Devonian ophiolites), while further convergence resulted in plate coupling and intraoceanic ophiolite imbrication. Accretion of the remaining Cambrian ocean heralded Late Devonian subduction of inner sections of Gondwana across the same subduction zone and the underthrusting of mainland Gondwana (culmination of NW Iberian allochthonous pile). Oblique convergence favoured lateral plate sliding, and explained the different lateral positions along Gondwana of terranes separated by Palaeozoic ophiolites.  相似文献   

新型珊瑚海水混凝土力学性能试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

吴彰钰  余红发  麻海燕  章艳  梅其泉  达波  谭永山  华实 《海洋工程》2018,36(3):59-68

为了解决全珊瑚海水混凝土(coral aggregate seawater concrete,简称CASC)的脆性问题,采用碱式硫酸镁水泥(basic magnesium sulfate cement,简称BMSC)为胶凝材料和剑麻纤维为增韧材料制备了一种新型全珊瑚海水混凝土(NCASC),系统测定了基本力学性能,并与普通硅酸盐水泥制备的CASC、碱式硫酸镁水泥砂石混凝土(basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete,简称BMSCC)、普通砂石混凝土(ordinary portland cement concrete,简称OPC)以及普通轻骨料混凝土(lightweight aggregate concrete,简称LAC)的力学性能进行对比。结果表明:立方体抗压强度(f_(cu),m)在15~35 MPa范围内的NCASC的轴心抗压强度(f_c,m)、劈裂抗拉强度(f_(sp),m)与f_(cu),m之间具有较显著的线性关系;对于f_(cu),m为15~35 MPa的混凝土,相同强度NCASC的f_c,m高于OPC、LAC及BMSCC,其f_c,m与f_(cu),m比值最大,大致在0.85~0.96之间,NCASC的f_(sp),m比OPC和LAC高,但比BMSCC低,且随着强度的提高,OPC与NCASC的f_(sp),m间的差距在增大,而LAC和BMSCC与NCASC的f_(sp),m间的差距在缩小;在强度等级C15~C55的范围中,NCASC和CASC的f_(sp),m、f_c,m与f_(cu),m之间的关系基本可以采用相同的线性回归方程来描述,利用这两个回归线性方程得到对应于标准强度等级的CASC和NCASC的f_(sp),m和f_c,m数据,为CASC力学性能研究与结构设计提供参考依据。  相似文献   

重磁三维反演伊犁盆地中部密度和磁性结构          下载免费PDF全文

索奎  张贵宾  梅岩辉  马勇胜 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3410-3419

伊犁盆地中部区域地处多个构造单元的交汇区，构造复杂，缺乏高精度地质资料，制约了对盆地构造演化的进一步认识.本文联合使用多种先验信息作为约束条件，利用高精度重磁数据反演获得了研究区地下海拔-10 km以浅的三维密度和磁性结构，增强了反演结果的可靠性.结果揭示以白石墩次凸为中心发育了一个"北断南超"的南西-北东向不对称型凹陷，北部沉积厚度大于南部；区内主要断裂具有高角度特征，生烃中心受断裂控制，阿吾拉勒山前凹陷浅部可能发育逆掩断裂；火成岩以侵入的基性火成岩为主，伴有部分喷出火成岩和中酸性火成岩.  相似文献   

勉略构造带新元古代洋盆俯冲作用：来自略阳地区纸房沟岩片火山岩锆石U- Pb年龄和Lu- Hf同位素的证据     

徐通  张晓团  焦建刚  张红强  贾力 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3607-3624

纸房沟岩片位于勉略构造带略阳地区。通过细致的岩石学和地球化学研究，将纸房沟岩片内的火山岩分为拉斑玄武岩系列（Ⅰ类）和钙碱性火山岩系列（Ⅱ类）。Ⅰ类火山岩稀土配分曲线左倾，富Na贫P，整体具有N- MORB特点，形成于洋脊构造环境。相比Ⅰ类火山岩，Ⅱ类火山岩具有更高的SiO2(49.02％~61.86％)和K2O(0.32％~1.55％)含量，相对亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti，形成于陆缘弧构造环境。Ⅱ类火山岩锆石Lu- Hf同位素测试结果显示，εHf(t)值主体为负值，介于-8.01~+0.77，表明其主要为古老地壳物质熔融成因。Ⅱ类火山岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年结果为854±3Ma(MSWD=0.12, n=30)、844±4Ma (MSWD=0.03, n=15)，表明纸房沟岩片火山岩结晶时代为新元古代早中期。综合前人成果认为，纸房沟岩片火山岩为新元古代勉略洋盆俯冲的产物，俯冲作用一直持续到800Ma左右，该俯冲过程很可能是对全球性Rodinia超大陆聚合事件的响应。  相似文献   

基于自然资源管理的新型基础测绘研究     

穆增光  刘慧慧 《北京测绘》2020,(2):151-154

新一轮的职能改革赋予自然资源部门新的职责,文章在分析了现有自然资源业务数据和基础测绘数据的基础上结合自然资源管理需求,提出了新型基础测绘的相关技术要求、应用方向和地理实体数据的技术路线,为新型基础测绘的开展提供了有益探索,为基础测绘服务自然资源管理提供了理论依据。  相似文献