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1.
吉林露水河硅藻土在煅烧中的结构及性能的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用X射线衍射、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜及化学分析方法对吉林露水河硅藻土在煅烧中的结构及性能的变化进行研究，结果表明：高温时蛋白石转变成方英石，激烈的相变温度为1160℃左右；当温度在1100℃～1200℃时，硅藻的微孔开始阻塞或消失，并出现开裂现象，硅藻的结构变得模糊，但硅藻仍保持其外形；室温～600℃，比表面积逐渐增加，600℃～1200℃比表面积则减少；室温～700℃时，pH值逐渐减小，700℃～1200℃时，pH值则逐渐增加。 相似文献
2.
古环境研究中深海沉积物粒度测试的预处理方法 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
对深海沉积物样品进行粒度测试前,应根据研究目的,在预处理过程中有效去除碳酸盐和生物硅,同时完好保留陆源碎屑组分,才能使测试结果准确反映古气候和古环境变化。对采于南海的样品分别加入不同剂量浓度为10％的盐酸或浓度为25％的醋酸,以及不同剂量的NaOH或Na2CO3,同时利用有机元素分析仪、硅钼蓝比色法、环境扫描电子显微镜分析、观察不同方法的预处理效果,并结合粒度测试的结果认为,对于碳酸盐,盐酸和醋酸均可将其有效去除,但由于少量盐酸仍会对陆源矿物组分造成破坏,因此应使用酸性较弱的醋酸;对于生物硅,大剂量的Na2CO3仍难将其有效去除,而使用小剂量的NaOH即可去除干净,但需控制剂量以避免破坏矿物组分。针对南海沉积物中的各种生物组分含量,确定了醋酸和NaOH的使用剂量并建立了预处理流程。 相似文献
3.
南海北部一百万年以来的表层古生产力变化：来自ODP1144站的蛋白石记录 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过南海北部ODP 1144站蛋白石含量测定及其堆积速率的计算,并结合氧同位素记录等相关资料,获得南海北部1050ka以来高分辨率的表层古生产力变化与冰期旋回和东亚季风的关系。约900ka以来,蛋白石含量及其堆积速率较900ka以前明显增加,反映了“中更新世革命”事件之后,全球气候变冷,并导致表层生产力的提高。由于第四纪冰期旋回中的冬、夏季风的加强,加上1144站特殊的地理位置,使该站在冰期时表层生产力增加,间冰期时表层生产力降低。浮游有孔虫氧同位素记录与蛋白石含量及其堆积速率的时间序列频谱分析结果显示,三者均出现了相对应的偏心率周期、斜率周期和岁差周期,说明该站表层生产力的变化主要受地球轨道周期的驱动。 相似文献
4.
A late Pliocene diatom Ge/Si record from the Southeast Atlantic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As a result of both culture and sediment core studies, the ratio of germanium (Ge) to silicon (Si) in diatom shells has been proposed as a proxy for monitoring whole-ocean changes in seawater Ge/Si, a ratio affected by changes in continental weathering. However, because of the difficulties of extracting and cleaning diatom frustules from deep-sea sediments, only samples from highly pure diatom oozes in the Antarctic region have been previously analyzed. Here we present data on diatom Ge/Si ratios, (Ge/Si)opal, for the time interval between 3.1 and 1.9 Ma from a mid-latitude, coastal upwelling area where significant terrigenous sediment input complicated the sample processing and analyses. In general, our (Ge/Si)opal values show the same decreasing trend after 2.6 Ma than previously measured in Antarctic sediments (Shemesh et al., 1989. Paleoceanography 4, 221–231), but with a noisier background that may reflect the local imprint of proximal continental input superimposed upon global changes in the ocean reservoir. The time of initiation of large-scale North Hemisphere glaciation at 2.6 Ma is characterized by a declining pattern of diatom Ge/Si ratios, which could have resulted from a global increase in the input of riverine Si due to enhanced silica weathering and/or equatorward (northward) intrusions of subantarctic waters enriched in silica. High (Ge/Si)opal ratios are associated with high opal contents from the same sediment samples and with warm climate as indicated by depleted benthic foraminiferal δ18O values from the North and Equatorial Atlantic. Cold periods signified by enriched benthic δ18O values, on the contrary, are associated with lower (Ge/Si)opal ratios. We interpret diatom Ge/Si values to reflect the prevailing weathering state on the continents, with greater chemical weathering during warm and wet periods of the Pliocene and less during cooler and drier intervals. 相似文献
5.
Gas hydrate saturation estimates were obtained from an Archie-analysis of the Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) electrical resistivity logs under consideration of the regional geological framework of sediment deposition in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, of Korea. Porosity was determined from the LWD bulk density log and core-derived values of grain density. In situ measurements of pore-fluid salinity as well as formation temperature define a background trend for pore-fluid resistivity at each drill site. The LWD data were used to define sets of empirical Archie-constants for different depth-intervals of the logged borehole at all sites drilled during the second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition (UBGH2). A clustering of data with distinctly different trend-lines is evident in the cross-plot of porosity and formation factor for all sites drilled during UBGH2. The reason for the clustering is related to the difference between hemipelagic sediments (mostly covering the top ∼100 mbsf) and mass-transport deposits (MTD) and/or the occurrence of biogenic opal. For sites located in the north-eastern portion of the Ulleung Basin a set of individual Archie-parameters for a shallow depth interval (hemipelagic) and a deeper MTD zone was achieved. The deeper zone shows typically higher resistivities for the same range of porosities seen in the upper zone, reflecting a shift in sediment properties. The presence of large amounts of biogenic opal (up to and often over 50% as defined by XRD data) was especially observed at Sites UBGH2-2_1 and UBGH2-2_2 (as well as UBGH1-9 from a previous drilling expedition in 2007). The boundary between these two zones can also easily be identified in gamma-ray logs, which also show unusually low readings in the opal-rich interval. Only by incorporating different Archie-parameters for the different zones a reasonable estimate of gas hydrate saturation was achieved that also matches results from other techniques such as pore-fluid freshening, velocity-based calculations, and pressure-core degassing experiments. Seismically, individual boundaries between zones were determined using a grid of regional 2D seismic data. Zoning from the Archie-analysis for sites in the south-western portion of the Ulleung Basin was also observed, but at these sites it is linked to individually stacked MTDs only and does not reflect a mineralogical occurrence of biogenic opal or hemipelagic sedimentation. The individual MTD events represent differently compacted material often associated with a strong decrease in porosity (and increase in density), warranting a separate set of empirical Archie-parameters. 相似文献
6.
应用FTIR-SEM研究一类合成欧珀的微结构及其变彩成因机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近些年来,相关人工合成欧泊的研究工作主要聚焦于天然与合成欧泊的鉴别与筛选,而相关合成欧泊的微结构、变彩机制及其中水的赋存状态的深入研究鲜见报道。本文通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对一类合成欧泊的微结构、结构缺陷进行较系统的研究。同时,结合对样品的热处理就该合成欧泊体色、变彩机制及其中水的赋存状态作了初步探讨。结果表明:该样品的红外光谱中,在约2900 cm~(-1)、1737 cm~(-1)处出现合成欧泊特征吸收,且在4000~6000 cm-1波段,合成欧泊相比天然欧泊的吸收峰更为复杂。合成欧泊的颜色由体色与变彩两者共同构成,该体色与存在于其微结构中准球状、粒径约205 nm的二氧化硅颗粒的间隙填充物直接关联,且在热处理条件下随着间隙物的析出而渐退。同时,该类合成欧泊的变彩归因于结构致色并由其内部SiO_2颗粒周期性排列而构成的三维的光子带隙结构所致。此外,在欧泊的微观结构发生重构前,变彩所呈现的颜色主要由准球状二氧化硅颗粒粒径与间隙填充物决定。 相似文献
7.
欧泊是一种具有特殊光学效应的宝石,其变幻莫测的色彩令人着迷。但在国内珠宝市场上欧泊的销售份额很小,有关其有效营销方法研究方面的参考资料基本处于空白状态。借助2010年上海世博会的契机,结合笔者在澳大利亚馆销售欧泊产品4个月的经历,着重从多角度吸引顾客、留住顾客、销售攻心术、灵活引导及创新推广活动等方面分析了澳大利亚AODC公司的营销策略,从中总结出几点建议,旨在对国内珠宝营销有所启发。 相似文献
8.
Uta Passow Megan A. French Maya Robert 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1147-1157
The majority of opal produced by diatoms dissolves during their sedimentation to the seafloor, but spatial and temporal variability of dissolution rates are large. Controlled laboratory experiments using live phytoplankton or phyto-detritus may help identify the different processes, including those that are biologically mediated or physico-chemically driven, that impact the dissolution of frustules and the aforementioned variability. Results of eight bSiO2 dissolution experiments, seven of which were conducted at low temperatures (<6 °C) are presented within the context of earlier similar studies, and different phases of dissolution dynamics characterized. TEP concentration, aggregation and the physiological status of the diatoms determined the period during which diatoms may maintain the protective membrane that surrounds their frustule and effectively reduces or completely inhibits (lag period) dissolution for some time. Once diatoms loose the capability to maintain their protective membrane, bacterial activity compromises it. Physico-chemical dissolution, which depends on frustule structure and abiotic environmental conditions, begins once the protective membrane is damaged. The ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane, the bacterial composition and activity governing its degradation, and the physico-chemical dissolution dynamics of exposed frustules are all impacted by temperature. In our experiments instantaneous dissolution rates were not dependant on bSiO2 concentration at low temperatures, although such a relationship was observed under otherwise identical conditions at 15 °C, implying that biotic factors rather than physico-chemical processes initially dominated dissolution at polar temperatures. Since inhibition of bSiO2 dissolution at low temperatures was inhibited to a greater extent than organic matter degradation, we postulate that it was not reduced bacterial activity but the enhanced ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane and thus withstand microbial attack that caused the low initial dissolution rates at <6 °C. In situ, interactions between the different biotic and abiotic processes impacting dissolution combined with differences in sinking velocity of diatom aggregates and grazing effects could easily explain high spatial and temporal variability in the accumulation of diatoms on the seafloor. Simple calculations based on our experimental results suggest that Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, for example, would be appreciably more likely to reach the seafloor than Chaetoceros debilis if both grow at low growth rates, e.g. under growth limiting conditions. However, dissolution behavior of Chaetoceros debilis during sedimentation may differ under conditions where this species forms large blooms. 相似文献
9.
R. A. L. Wray 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):623-632
Speleothems of silica are far rarer than those of calcite but occur in a range of types including stalactites, stalagmites and flowstones. This study has found a wider range and far greater number of silica speleothems on the quartz sandstones of the Sydney region than the small number of previous accounts had suggested. Speleothems on the Sydney region sandstones are composed of multiple layers of amorphous opal‐A and cryptocrystalline chalcedony. Silica slowly dissolved from detrital and diagenetic quartz and kaolinite clays of the host arenites is redeposited as opal‐A at the sandstone surface when groundwater evaporates. This amorphous silica converts over time by Ostwald‐type paragenesis to the cryptocrystalline form, but the expected intermediate opal‐CT phase has not been detected. The crystallisation of chalcedony at earth‐surface temperatures is generally believed to take an extremely long time and its presence makes these speleothems very significant, especially as it is reported in only a small number of silica speleothems elsewhere. Furthermore, a similar paragenetic silica‐‘ripening’ mechanism may also be involved in the low‐temperature earth‐surface formation of other crystalline silica deposits such as silcrete duricrusts and pedogenic quartz. Additional closely coupled laboratory and field investigations into the processes that control silica paragenesis under earth‐surface conditions are sorely needed. 相似文献
10.
The chemistry and mineralogy of much of the Late Eocene Blanche Point Formation of South Australia show that biogenic and volcanogenic products were the only significant contributor to the sedimentary record. Intermittent volcanic activity followed by dissolution of the resultant silicic ash and small scale migration of silicon with reprecipitation as the oxide, provides the simplest and most likely explanation for the repetitive nature of the silicification. Seemingly, this was controlled by local silica concentrations which in turn were apparently controlled by the biota. Changes in circulation patterns and/or water depth may have initiated the environmental variations recorded in the formation. 相似文献