Intrusion of Kuroshio water onto the continental shelf of the East China Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Joon-Soo Lee  Matsuno Takeshi 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(2):309-325

As a fundamental study to evaluate the contribution of the Kuroshio to primary production in the East China Sea (ECS), we investigated the seasonal pattern of the intrusion from the Kuroshio onto the continental shelf of the ECS and the behavior of the intruded Kuroshio water, using the RIAM Ocean Model (RIAMOM). The total intruded volume transport across the 200m isobath line was evaluated as 2.74 Sv in winter and 2.47 Sv in summer, while the intruded transport below 80m was estimated to be 1.32 Sv in winter and 1.64 Sv in summer. Passive tracer experiments revealed that the main intrusion from the Kuroshio to the shelf area of the ECS, shallower than 80m, takes place through the lower layer northeast of Taiwan in summer, with a volume transport of 0.19 Sv. Comparative studies show several components affecting the intrusion of the Kuroshio across the 200 m isobath line. The Kuroshio water intruded less onto the shelf compared with a case without consideration of tide-induced bottom friction, especially northeast of Taiwan. The variations of the transport from the Taiwan Strait and the east of Taiwan have considerable effects on the intrusion of the Kuroshio onto the shelf.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐10号泉流量变化的多尺度小波分析与异常识别   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙甲宁  夏爱国  高小其  苏乃秦 《内陆地震》2003,17(4):317-325

结合10号泉开始观测以来的震例，利用基于小波分析的多尺度分析原理对乌鲁木齐10泉流量的日均值观测序列进行了分析，总结了10号泉流量多尺度分析结果的映震特征。10号泉流量的地震前兆异常绝大多数是高值异常且具有较好的重复性，即一般都是在高值异常结束后几个月之内发生地震，个别情况下地震会发生在高值异常持续时段内。初步可以认定，利用基于小波变换的多尺度分析原理将流量数据分解成若干频段后，能够较好地识别和提取流量原始测值中不易分辨的震前异常。  相似文献   

Analysis of snowpack dynamics during the spring melt season for a sub‐alpine site using point measurements and numerical modeling          下载免费PDF全文

Mark S. Pleasants  Thijs J. Kelleners  Noriaki Ohara 《水文研究》2017,31(25):4568-4585

Snowpack dynamics through October 2014–June 2017 were described for a forested, sub‐alpine field site in southeastern Wyoming. Point measurements of wetness and density were combined with numerical modeling and continuous time series of snow depth, snow temperature, and snowpack outflow to identify 5 major classes of distinct snowpack conditions. Class (i) is characterized by no snowpack outflow and variable average snowpack temperature and density. Class (ii) is characterized by short durations of liquid water in the upper snowpack, snowpack outflow values of 0.0008–0.005 cm hr^?1, an increase in snowpack temperature, and average snow density between 0.25–0.35 g cm^?3. Class (iii) is characterized by a partially saturated wetness profile, snowpack outflow values of 0.005–0.25 cm hr^?1, snowpack temperature near 0 °C, and average snow density between 0.25–0.40 g cm^?3. Class (iv) is characterized by strong diurnal snowpack outflow pattern with values as high as 0.75 cm hr^?1, stable snowpack temperature near 0 °C, and stable average snow density between 0.35–0.45 g cm^?3. Class (v) occurs intermittently between Classes (ii)–(iv) and displays low snowpack outflow values between 0.0008–0.04 cm hr^?1, a slight decrease in temperature relative to the preceding class, and similar densities to the preceding class. Numerical modeling of snowpack properties with SNOWPACK using both the Storage Threshold scheme and Richards' equation was used to quantify the effect of snowpack capillarity on predictions of snowpack outflow and other snowpack properties. Results indicate that both simulations are able to predict snow depth, snow temperature, and snow density reasonably well with little difference between the 2 water transport schemes. Richards' equation more accurately simulates the timing of snowpack outflow over the Storage Threshold scheme, especially early in the melt season and at diurnal timescales.  相似文献   

热带气旋“Malakas”与中纬度系统的相互作用及其结构变化     

刘凡  陈华 《气象科学》2019,39(5):666-674

本文利用中尺度数值模式WRF和LAGRANTO轨迹模式对2010年变性台风"Malakas"进行数值模拟和轨迹分析,分析了Malakas在变性过程中与中纬度系统的相互作用,以及在相互作用过程中Malakas的结构变化特征。结果表明:Malakas变性过程经历了三个阶段:(1)高层扰动加强期,高层的正位涡产生的气旋性环流使低层Malakas中心北部的斜压带西侧产生负的温度平流,表现为冷空气的入侵;(2)Malakas和中纬度系统相互作用时期,台风北上导致斜压带出现,深对流的爆发使低层暖湿气流沿着斜压带上升,快速上升气流中的潜热释放导致低PV空气向对流层上部净输送,在其北部高层重新构建出一个脊;(3)Malakas变性成温带气旋,残存的台风内核与斜压带逐渐合并,负的位涡平流带着非绝热外出流驱动了下游最初脊的构建,加速并且固定了中纬度急流,并整体放大了上层Rossby波模式。  相似文献   

Measurements of Trace Gases in the Inflow of South China Sea Background Air and Outflow of Regional Pollution at Tai O, Southern China     

T. Wang  H. Guo  D. R. Blake  Y. H. Kwok  I. J. Simpson  Y. S. Li 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(3):295-317

We present a 16-month record of ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), total reactive nitrogen (NO_y), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH₄), C₂ – C₈ non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C₁ – C₂ halocarbons, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) measured at a southern China coastal site. The study aimed to establish/update seasonal profiles of chemically active trace gases and pollution tracers in subtropical Asia and to characterize the composition of the `background' atmosphere over the South China Sea (SCS) and of pollution outflow from the industrialized Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and southern China. Most of the measured trace gases of anthropogenic origin exhibited a winter maximum and a summer minimum, while O₃ showed a maximum in autumn which is in contrast to the seasonal behavior of O₃ in rural eastern China and in many mid-latitude remote locations in the western Pacific. The data were segregated into two groups representing the SCS background air and the outflow of regional continental pollution (PRD plus southern China), based on CO mixing ratios and meteorological conditions. NMHCs and halocarbon data were further analyzed to examine the relationships between their variability and atmospheric lifetime and to elucidate the extent of atmospheric processing in the sampled air parcels. The trace gas variability (S) versus lifetime (τ) relationship, defined by the power law, S_lnx = Aτ^{− b}, (where X is the trace gas mixing ratio) gives a fit parameter A of 1.39 and exponent b of 0.42 for SCS air, and A of 2.86 and b of 0.31 for the regional continental air masses. An examination of ln[n-butane]/ln[ethane] versus ln[propane]/ln[ethane] indicates that their relative abundance was dominated by mixing as opposed to photochemistry in both SCS and regional outflow air masses. The very low ratios of ethyne/CO, propane/ethane and toluene/benzene suggest that the SCS air mass has undergone intense atmospheric processing since these gases were released into the atmosphere. Compared to the results from other polluted rural sites and from urban areas, the large values of these species in the outflow of PRD/southern China suggest source(s) emitting higher levels of ethyne, benzene, and toluene, relative to light alkanes. These chemical characteristics could be unique indicators of anthropogenic emissions from southern China.  相似文献   

深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析-数值法   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16  

王建秀  杨立中  何静 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(3):17-19,28

在高水头富水区，抗水压衬砌设计的关键在于外水压力的计算。深埋隧道排水时，沿轴线方向上流入隧道的水量来自于隧道掌子面的前方，当隧道施工足够长度后，可以认为已施工断面的地下水只从隧道两侧向断面内运动，此时可将三维问题处理为二维。对于深埋隧道，当其断面远小于水头时，可处理为一个点井；隧道全断面排水时，隧道断面线可处理为定流量边界。首先建立隧道排水的水文地质概念模型，采和经验解析法预测隧道的涌水量，然后将涌水量代入隧道围岩渗流的剖面二维模型，模拟隧道排水时围岩渗流场的分布，再采用作用系数的方法计算出隧道衬砌的外水压力。  相似文献   

供水管井允许出水量的合理确定     

华解明  赵志忠 《中国煤田地质》2002,14(2):34-36

每一眼管井在井结构确定的条件下,有一个最大允许出水量,而盲目追求增大出水量,势必造成管井涌砂,过滤管腐蚀和堵塞的加剧。松散含水层供水管井允许出水量既要满足地下水允许开采量“宏观”定义要求,从供水管井使用寿命考虑又要满足管井两个流速参数:井壁允许进水流速和滤管允许进水流速。本文给出了管井允许出水量确定方法和计算框图,并以实例说明之,在具体应用时某些细节也予以了说明。  相似文献   

在CepheusE中C^18O（J=1—0）分子外流的不准直分布的研究     

俞志尧 《天文学报》1998,39(4):405-411

从在CepheusE中C18O（J＝1－0）的谱线频谱图发现,相对于峰速度的蓝移成分的积分流量密度明显大于相对于红移成分的积分流量密度．从在它的强度分布图也可以发现强度分布轮廓向西北和向东延伸．为此,研究了在CepheusE中C18O（J＝1－0）的速度分段积分等高图,发现相对于峰速度的蓝移速度分段积分等高图中的C18O（J＝1－0）的积分强度,要大于相对于红移速度分段积分等高图中的C18O（J＝1－0）的积分强度,同时强度分布图中的分子外流的不准直分布是由相对于峰速度的蓝移成分的分布的不准直性所引起的．  相似文献   

Shock breakout in Type Ibc supernovae and application to GRB 060218/SN 2006aj     

Li-Xin Li 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(1):240-256

Recently, a soft blackbody component was observed in the early X-ray afterglow of GRB 060218, which was interpreted as shock breakout from the thick wind of the progenitor Wolf–Rayet (WR) star of the underlying Type Ic supernova 2006aj. In this paper, we present a simple model for computing the characteristic quantities (including energy, temperature and time duration) for the transient event from the shock breakout in Type Ibc supernovae produced by the core-collapse of WR stars surrounded by dense winds. In contrast to the case of a star without a strong wind, the shock breakout occurs in the wind region rather than inside the star, caused by the large optical depth in the wind. We find that, for the case of a WR star with a dense wind, the total energy of the radiation generated by the supernova shock breakout is larger than that in the case of the same star without a wind by a factor of >10. The temperature can be either hotter or colder, depending on the wind parameters. The time duration is larger caused by the increase in the effective radius of the star due to the presence of a thick wind. Then, we apply the model to GRB 060218/SN 2006aj. We show that, to explain both the temperature and the total energy of the blackbody component observed in GRB 060218 by the shock breakout, the progenitor WR star has to have an unrealistically large core radius (the radius at optical depth of 20), larger than 100 R_⊙. In spite of this disappointing result, our model is expected to have important applications to the observations on Type Ibc supernovae in which the detection of shock breakout will provide important clues to the progenitors of Type Ibc supernovae.  相似文献   

典型融雪期雪层融雪水出流条件模拟及分析     

张波  刘志辉  高云  房世峰 《干旱区地理》2015,38(3)

融雪期雪层融雪水的运移及流出过程模拟乃是国际冰雪水文学研究的难点之一,准确模拟融雪水的出流过程对于春季融雪型洪水的预报具有重要作用。本研究基于EM50、农业小环境监测仪和一些常规监测手段,获取了典型融雪期雪层的雪粒径、雪深及日气温数据,利用Excel、DPS、Arcgis及SPSS等分析软件对数据进行综合处理,并采用回归分析对融雪水的出流条件进行了建模分析,利用神经网络模型对模拟结果进行检验。结果表明:积温可作为融雪水外流的参考性指标,用于融雪水外流过程的预测分析;雪粒径和雪深都与融雪水外流积温条件存在显著相关性,且相关系数0.96;逐步回归可以很好地模拟融雪水外流的积温条件,模拟的误差仅为124.5℃·min,时间误差为15 min,模拟效果良好。该研究对于进一步探讨融雪期雪层融雪水的出流规律、开展雪层融雪水运移过程的数值模拟等工作具有重要意义。  相似文献