Response of a scale-model pile group for a jacket foundation of an offshore wind turbine in liquefiable ground during shaking table tests     

Yung-Yen Ko  Yi-Ting Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(15):1682-1701

To investigate the seismic response of a pile group during liquefaction, shaking table tests on a 1/25 scale model of a 2 × 2 pile group were conducted, which were pilot tests of a test project of a scale-model offshore wind turbine with jacket foundation. A large laminar shear box was utilized as the soil container to prepare a liquefiable sandy ground specimen. The pile group model comprising four slender aluminum piles with their pile heads connected by a rigid frame was designed with similitude considerations focusing on soil–pile interaction. The input motions were 2-Hz sinusoids with various acceleration amplitudes. The excess pore water pressure generation indicated that the upper half of the ground specimen reached initial liquefaction under the 50-gal-amplitude excitation, whereas in the 75-gal-amplitude test, almost entire ground was liquefied. Accelerations in soil, on the movable frames composing the laminar boundary of the shear box, and along the pile showed limited difference at the same elevation before liquefaction. After liquefaction, the soil and the movable-frame accelerations that represented the ground response considerably reduced, whereas both the movable frames and the piles exhibited high-frequency jitters other than 2-Hz sinusoid, and meantime, remarkable phase difference between the responses of the pile group and the ground was observed, all probably due to the substantial degradation of liquefied soil. Axial strains along the pile implied its double-curvature bending behavior, and the accordingly calculated moment declined significantly after liquefaction. These observations demonstrated the interaction between soil and piles during liquefaction.  相似文献   

黄土山区煤层群分层开采地表位移规律分析     

沈宇恒 《北京测绘》2020,(4):490-494

为了研究黄土山区地形对煤层群开采地表位移的影响,以榆林某矿为地质原型,利用数值软件模拟地表为近水平、正坡、负坡、凸面和凹面五种地形条件下煤层群开采。结果表明:黄土山区地形的变化,对煤层群开采顶板垂直应力影响不明显,对地表位移影响较大;单向坡开采,斜坡滑移引起的下沉量在坡顶与开采沉陷量形成“叠加”,在坡底形成“抵消”;在组合坡中,煤层群开采地表位移量相差很大,说明在变坡点附近地表位移较为复杂。  相似文献   

纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒的湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧效果实验研究     

余萍萍  王敬富  陈敬安  张耀  陈权  卢耀庭 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):65-71

季节性缺氧导致夏季沉积物内源磷强烈释放，加剧水体富营养化，是我国西南地区深水湖泊（水库）面临的重要挑战.有效增加夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面的含氧量，是减少内源磷释放的关键.现有的深水增氧技术由于缺乏对沉积物-水界面增氧的针对性，因此治理效果有限.近年来，纳米气泡已被证实具有的稳定性好、氧传质速率高和环境风险低等优点，为新型深水增氧技术研发提供了巨大潜力.本文以天然矿物材料白云母、绢云母、硅藻土和沸石为基底，负载纳米气泡，研发纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术，开展湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧模拟实验研究，运用平面光电极技术评估其界面增氧效果.结果表明，纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒对沉积物-水界面具有比较明显的增氧效果.其中，改性白云母、绢云母和沸石的界面持续增氧时间可达7天以上，增氧后的界面最大溶解氧（DO）浓度达4.40 mg/L，而改性硅藻土不具有增氧能力.其次，矿物粒度对改性颗粒的增氧效果有一定影响：粒度越细，界面的最大增氧浓度越高，且持续增氧时间越长.纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术有望成为夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面精准增氧和内源污染控制的有效技术手段.  相似文献   

Climatic signals in lacustrine deposits of the Upper Yacoraite Formation,Western Argentina: Evidence from clay minerals,analcime, dolomite and fibrous calcite     

João Paulo B. Gomes  Rodrigo B. Bunevich  Sandra N. Tonietto  Daisy B. Alves  Julice F. Santos  Fiona F. Whitaker 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2282-2309

Authigenic clays are an important control on reservoir quality in lacustrine carbonates but remain challenging to predict. Lacustrine depositional systems respond to climatic variations in rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater input, and evaporation, and result in rapid and frequent changes in lake volume; this is expressed through changing water depth and shoreline position. In the upper portion of the Early Palaeocene Yacoraite Formation of the Salta Basin in Argentina, extensive lacustrine deposits were deposited during the sag phase of rifting. Prior high-resolution stratigraphic studies have suggested that climatic factors control microbial carbonate sequences within a ‘balanced fill’ lake, with variation in the lake level having a major influence on facies association changes. This study characterizes the evolution of facies and mineralogy within the Yacoraite Formation, focusing on the distribution of clay minerals, making a link between the high, medium and low-frequency sequence stratigraphic cycles. The low-frequency transgressive hemicycle of the upper portion of the Yacoraite Formation is comprised of abundant siliciclastic facies, suggesting a wetter period. Microbialites occurring in this interval are coarse-grained and agglutinated. Detrital clay minerals such as illite and chlorite and associated siliciclastic sediments were input to the lake during high-frequency transgressive periods. During high-frequency regressive hemicycles, sedimentation was dominated by carbonate facies with Ca-rich dolomite and the authigenic clays are comprised of chlorite/smectite mixed-layers. By contrast, the low frequency regressive hemicycle records fine-grained agglutinated microbialite with horizons of fibrous calcite, more stoichiometric dolomite, barite and authigenic magnesian smectite. This indicates elevated ion concentrations in the lake under intense evaporation during an arid period. Understanding the conditions that are favourable for formation and preservation of authigenic clays within the lacustrine environment can improve understanding of reservoir quality in comparable economically important deposits.  相似文献   

粤北青嶂山岩体江头矿区铀矿微区矿物学、年代学特征及其成矿动力背景制约     

赖静  祁家明  陈军军  李钟枢  曹豪杰 《地质学报》2020,94(4):1128-1142

粤北诸广和贵东是华南最重要的两个花岗型铀矿密集区,青嶂山(龙源坝)岩体位于两者之间,是华南花岗岩型铀矿研究薄弱地区。江头铀矿区地处青嶂山岩体北部与南雄断陷盆地的结合部位,该矿区的铀成矿年代学研究几为空白。本文通过电子探针方法研究了青嶂山岩体、及与该岩体密切相关的江头矿区中的铀矿物微区矿物学特征,获得岩浆成因的晶质铀矿与热液成因的沥青铀矿的U-Th-Pb化学年龄,探讨了华南铀成矿作用动力学背景及成矿地质体。研究表明:青嶂山岩体粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩和中粒斑状黑云母花岗岩中的铀矿物主要有晶质铀矿、铀石,部分晶质铀矿存在明显铀释放的特征,其晶质铀矿化学年龄分别为246.8±8.8Ma、161.5±8.0Ma,与前人获得的锆石U-Pb年龄结果在误差范围内一致,分别代表了区内印支期与燕山期花岗岩体的成岩年龄,表明在南雄断陷盆地形成之前,青嶂山岩体与诸广岩体可能为一有机整体,有着相同的成岩、成矿环境。江头矿区矿石中铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,伴有少量钛铀矿、铀石等,沥青铀矿化学年龄分别为121.3±9.8Ma、98.8±8.0Ma、73.2±8.8Ma,分别代表区内3期铀成矿作用的时代,结合华南中生代以来构造运动特征,认为区内铀成矿作用是受中-新生代盆地边缘深大断陷活动、产铀花岗岩体分布的双要素成矿动力学背景制约,青嶂山岩体应与诸广、贵东岩体具有相似的找矿前景。  相似文献   

新矿物与新矿物研究创新探索     

李国武 《地学前缘》2020,27(5):1-9

作为矿物学的重要基础研究方向之一,新矿物的发现及其晶体结构、晶体化学的研究始终备受各发达国家的一贯重视。新矿物的研究和发现及其成果具有国际性,在一定程度上反映了国家在该领域以及整体科技水平和对科学发现的贡献。笔者近年来参与了对若干存疑矿物进行的精细晶体结构与晶体化学研究和矿物学研究,从2005年至今参与发现的23种新矿物均获得国际矿物学协会新矿物及分类命名委员会(IMA-CNMNC)所批准。这些新矿物的获批得益于成功地获取了成分数据、衍射数据和晶体结构的阐明。本文就新矿物的认定规则、申报内容和数据、分类命名、研究内容及工作方法等进行综述,在此抛砖引玉,希望通过交流促进我国新矿物研究领域的发展。  相似文献   

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity     

GU Yuantao  LI Xiaoxi  YANG Shuguang  WAN Quan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):280-289

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.  相似文献   

西准噶尔白杨河铍铀矿床中铍与铀成生关系初探——来自围岩蚀变和矿石矿物接触关系的证据     

刘畅 《地质与勘探》2020,56(3):465-477

与高硅富氟火成岩(流纹岩或花岗斑岩)有关的铍矿床中常伴有铀矿化,其成矿特色明显,是认识岩浆-岩浆热液-热液演化过程中铍与铀地球化学行为异同的理想对象,但其中铍与铀成矿的时空关系及成因关系尚不清楚。为了理解该类矿床中铍与铀的成生关系,并为区域内铍与铀的找矿勘查提供理论支撑,本文选取该类矿床的典型代表—西准噶尔白杨河铍铀矿床为研究对象,通过镜下观察、扫描电镜能谱和激光拉曼光谱分析,对矿区内单铍矿石、单铀矿石和铍铀矿石开展了系统的岩相和矿相学研究。结果显示,与铍矿化相关的围岩蚀变为钠长石化、电气石化、白云母化、萤石化、碳酸盐化和绿泥石化,与铀矿化相关的围岩蚀变为硅化、赤铁矿化、萤石化、伊利石化和锰矿化(含少量铅),且铍铀矿石中可见沥青铀矿切穿羟硅铍石的现象。结合铍与铀的地球化学行为和前人研究成果,认为白杨河铍铀矿床中铍矿化与铀矿化应是不同期热液作用的结果:铍矿化可能是花岗斑岩深部岩浆房分异的岩浆热液在不断演化过程中形成的,而铀矿化可能与后期流体(如幔源流体、加热循环的大气降水等)的淋滤作用有关。  相似文献   

大洋多金属结核中铁锰质矿物拉曼光谱特征初探     

赖佩欣  任江波  邓剑锋 《矿床地质》2020,39(1):126-134

拉曼光谱是一种快速无损的分析手段,它既可观察样品的显微结构构造,也可分析样品的成分和结构。为了丰富多金属结核的岩石矿物学特征,文章对西太平洋某海山区的多金属结核样品进行了X射线粉末衍射分析和拉曼光谱分析。X射线分析结果显示该区域样品主要含有水羟锰矿、钡镁锰矿、斜长石、钙十字沸石和石英,显微构造主要有纹层状构造、柱状构造、树枝状构造、充填构造等。通过分析对比潮湿样品和烘干样品铁锰质矿物的拉曼特征谱峰,得出结核中水羟锰矿的特征谱峰位于490 cm~(-1)、570 cm~(-1)和626 cm~(-1)附近,钡镁锰矿的特征谱峰则位于640 cm~(-1)附近,与陆地上对应矿物的特征拉曼谱峰不同。结核中的钡镁锰矿结构不稳定,经过风干或者抛磨后部分产生相变,不同显微结构中,相变情况不同。经与RRUFF数据库比对,识别出钙十字沸石、斜长石等自形晶,多分布于结核最内层,往结核外层总体减少。矿物微晶多见铁锰质矿物微晶和钙十字沸石微晶,铁锰质矿物绕其向外生长。  相似文献   

末次冰消期（1.9万年）以来冲绳海槽中部黏土矿物来源及其环境响应          下载免费PDF全文

田旭  胡邦琦  王飞飞  黄威  丁雪  宋维宇  徐方建 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1501-1511

基于采自冲绳海槽中部的CS2站柱状沉积物黏土矿物和AMS¹⁴C年代分析，探讨了末次冰消期以来冲绳海槽中部黏土矿物的物质来源及其环境指示意义。结果显示，CS2站黏土矿物以伊利石为主，其次为绿泥石，高岭石和蒙脱石含量较少。根据黏土矿物分布趋势变化，CS2站柱状沉积物可划分为3个阶段：阶段（I 19~12 ka BP）和阶段Ⅱ （12~8 ka BP）期间沉积物主要来源于长江，台湾和黄河物质也有一定影响，其物质来源主要受海平面升降的控制；阶段Ⅲ（8~0 ka BP）主要来源于长江和台湾，黄河贡献有限，主要受黑潮演化的影响。CS2站（蒙脱石+高岭石） （/伊利石+绿泥石）比值可以作为东亚季风演化的矿物学指标，指标变化显示出东亚冬季风强度相对夏季风的强度在16.4~14.8 ka BP和12.8~11.6 ka BP期间有两次显著的加强，指示当时气候相对寒冷干燥，结果可以与格陵兰冰心δ¹⁸O和三宝洞δ¹⁸O记录等很好对比。  相似文献