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The geologic positions and geochemical and isotope parameters of the Ordovician-early Silurian and Early-Middle Devonian continuous volcanic series of the Minusa basin and its mountainous framing are compared. Both series are composed mostly of moderately alkaline rocks with variations in SiO2 contents from 45 to 77 wt.%. The Ordovician-early Silurian series differs from the Early-Middle Devonian one in lower contents of TiO2 (< 1.7 wt.%) and Fe2O3tot and higher contents of Al2O3 in all rock varieties and in the more fractionated REE patterns of trachybasalts. The compositions of both series reflect two simultaneous mechanisms of magma evolution. The main process was fractional crystallization leading to the formation of rocks from trachybasalts to trachyrhyodacites. The accessory mechanism was the contamination of fractionated melts by crustal material, anatectic melting of crust, and mixing of deep-seated magmas with crustal melts. These processes had specifics at each stage and were controlled by the composition of the sources of parental melts. Their geochemical and isotopic parameters (high alkalinity, high contents of lithophile elements, negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and enrichment in radiogenic Sr) point to the interaction of mantle plumes with the lithospheric mantle that was metasomatically transformed during the preceding Vendian-early Cambrian subduction processes. 相似文献
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As shown by geological, mineralogical, and isotope geochemical data, trachybasaltic-trachytic-trachyrhyolitic (TTT) rocks from the Nyalga basin in Central Mongolia result from several eruptions of fractionated magmas within a short time span at about 120 Ma. Their parental basaltic melts formed by partial melting of mantle peridotite which was metasomatized and hydrated during previous subduction events. Basaltic trachyandesites have high TiO2 and K2O, relatively high P2O5, and low MgO contents, medium 87Sr/86Sr(0) ratios (0.70526-0.70567), and almost zero or slightly negative εNd(T) values. The isotope geochemical signatures of TTT rocks are typical of Late Mesozoic basaltic rocks from rift zones of Mongolia and Transbaikalia. The sources of basaltic magma at volcanic centers of Northern and Central Asia apparently moved from a shallower and more hydrous region to deeper and less hydrated lithospheric mantle (from spinel to garnet-bearing peridotite) between the Late Paleozoic and the latest Mesozoic. The geochemistry and mineralogy of TTT rocks fit the best models implying fractional crystallization of basaltic trachyandesitic, trachytic, and trachyrhyodacitic magmas. Mass balance calculations indicate that trachytic and trachydacitic magmas formed after crystallization of labradorite-andesine, Ti-augite, Sr-apatite, Ti-magnetite, and ilmenite from basaltic trachyandesitic melts. The melts evolved from trachytic to trachyrhyodacitic and trachyrhyolitic compositions as a result of prevalent crystallization of K-Na feldspar, with zircon, chevkinite-Ce, and LREE-enriched apatite involved in fractionation. Trachytic, trachyrhyodacitic, and trachyrhyolitic residual melts were produced by the evolution of compositionally different parental melts (basaltic trachyandesitic, trachytic, and trachyrhyodacitic, respectively), which moved to shallower continental crust and accumulated in isolated chambers. Judging by their isotopic signatures, the melts assimilated some crustal material, according to the assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) model. 相似文献
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长白山火山活动历史、岩浆演化与喷发机制探讨 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
广义的长白山火山在我国境内包括著名的天池火山、望天鹅火山、图们江火山和龙岗火山,是我国最大的第四纪火山岩分布区。图们江火山和望天鹅火山活动都始于上新世,喷发活动分别介于上新世—中更新世（5.5~0.19 Ma）和上新世—早更新世（4.77 ~2.12 Ma）。天池火山和龙岗火山属于第四纪火山,喷发活动从早更新世（~2 Ma）持续到全新世。图们江火山岩为溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩,望天鹅火山、天池火山和龙岗火山母岩浆都是钾质粗面玄武岩,但经历了不同的演化过程。天池火山和望天鹅火山都经历了钾质粗面玄武岩造盾、粗面岩造锥和晚期碱性酸性岩浆（碱流岩和碱性流纹岩）的喷发;龙岗火山来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆则未经演化和混染直接喷出地表。图们江火山岩以溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩为主,少量玄武质粗安岩等。天池火山造盾之后,地壳岩浆房和地幔岩浆房具互动式喷发特点,来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆一方面在天池火山锥体内外形成诸多小火山渣锥,另一方面持续补给地壳岩浆房发生岩浆分离结晶作用和混合作用,分别导致双峰式火山岩分布特征和触发千年大喷发。火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪揭示,长白山东（图们江火山、望天鹅火山和天池火山）、西（龙岗火山）两区显示地幔非均一性,东区岩浆源区具有软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔混合特征,西区岩浆源区具有相对亏损的较原始地幔特征。西太平洋板块俯冲—东北亚大陆弧后引张是长白山火山活动的动力学机制。 相似文献
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玄武岩-榴辉岩相变初期的石榴子石生长 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在 2 .0 GPa,86 0～ 10 2 0℃ ,加温时间 0 .6 6～ 13.0 7h的条件下 ,粗面玄武岩 -榴辉岩相变初期的石榴子石生长为正常晶体生长。石榴子石粒径随时间而增大 ,其生长速率随粒径增大而减小。界面是控制玄武岩 -榴辉岩相变初期石榴子石生长的主要因素。这一变质作用过程中石榴子石粒径与时间及温度的关系如下 :G2 .4 5=5.6 5× 10 -15t· exp(- 2 7.4 0× 10 3 / RT)式中 G为石榴子石平均粒径 ,t为时间 ,R为气体常数 ,T为绝对温度。这一关系式有助于了解变质作用过程中石榴子石生长动力学 相似文献
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To discriminate the mineral potentiality of the trachybasalt around the Miocene Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit, petrogeochemical characteristics of more than 45 samples of the volcanic rocks were studied. Sarcheshmeh is one of the world's largest Miocene porphyry copper deposits in a continental arc setting and contains about 1200 million tonnes of ores with an average grade of 1.2 percent copper, 0.03 percent molybdenum, 3.9 g/t Ag and 0.11 g/t Au. The biotized and sericitized trachybasalts around the Sarcheshmeh deposit are associated with chalcopyrite, pyrite and molybdenite and and are enriched in Cu (>3108 ppm), K2O (>4.2%), Rb (>155 ppm) and MgO (>2.9%), but depleted in yttrium (<11 ppm), MnO (<0.06%), CaO (<0.6%), Na2O (<0.33%), Sr (<107 ppm), and Ba (<181 ppm). The propylitized trachybasalts are enriched in CaO (>9.1%), Na2O (>3.2%), MnO (>0.24%), Y (>18.2 ppm), and Ba (>323 ppm). The results demonstrate that the diagrams of loss on ignition ? Cu, Cu ? Y, K2O/K2O + Na2O + CaO ? Cu and Y ? MnO may be used as an exploration guide for undiscovered porphyry copper mineralization in the Central Iranian volcano—plutonic copper belt. 相似文献
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A Hornblende Basalt from Western Mexico: Water-saturated Phase Relations Constrain a Pressure-Temperature Window of Eruptibility 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
Trachybasalt scoria from a cinder cone near the Mexican volcanicfront contain phenocrysts of olivine with chromite inclusions,apatite, augite and hornblende, with microphenocrysts of plagioclase.The water-saturated phase relations reproduce the phenocrystassemblage between 1040°C and 970°C with water contentsof between 2·5 and 4·5% (50–150 MPa). Theabsence of biotite phenocrysts in the scoria places a tightconstraint on the pressure–temperature conditions of phenocrystequilibration, as there is only a small zone where biotite doesnot accompany hornblende in the experiments. Diluting the fluidphase with CO2 changes the composition of the olivine, indicatingthat CO2 was only a minor component of the fluid of the scoria.Hornblende is stable to 1040°C at oxygen fugacities of NNO+ 2 (where NNO is the nickel–nickel oxide buffer), butat lower oxygen fugacities, the upper limit is 990°C. Thereis a progressive increase in crystallinity in experimental runsas both pressure and temperature decrease. Isobaric plots ofcrystallinity show that the onset of hornblende crystallizationinvolves a reaction relation, and also results in a marked 相似文献
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长白山地区火山岩中稀土元素特征及赋存状态初探 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
长白山地区位于滨太平洋新生代火山区,区内粗面玄武岩广泛分布,面积近20000 km2。该区粗面玄武岩中稀土元素含量很高,如何开采利用不仅取决于其含量,还取决于其赋存状态,但这方面的研究迄今未见报道。本文采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法分析长白山地区火山岩中的主量元素,获得其岩相组成信息,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析稀土元素,由此得到其地球化学特征,并结合分级提取实验,初步探讨长白山火山岩中稀土元素赋存状态。元素分析结果表明,研究区内火山岩的岩性主要以粗面玄武岩和粗面岩为主,稀土元素的总量(∑REEs)为211~893 μg/g,其中以粗面岩显著富集稀土元素;粗面岩的δEu为0.06~0.69,具有强烈的负铕异常特性,轻稀土元素与重稀土元素总量比值(∑LREEs/∑HREEs)为3.80~5.61,反映了该区轻、重稀土元素分馏程度较高,且具有富集轻稀土元素的特性。稀土元素的主要赋存状态为磷酸盐结合态(52.9%~88.5%)、碳酸盐结合态(14.6%~43.8%)、氧化物结合态(6.04%~18.4%),而以硅酸盐结合态和离子吸附态存在的稀土元素所占比例最少。分级提取实验分析结果表明,样品的稀土元素总量提取率为91.1%~108%,表明此分级提取方法适合于火山岩中稀土元素赋存状态的分析,为类似火山岩中稀土元素的赋存状态研究提供一种可行性参考方法。 相似文献
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