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PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165g m－3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering. 相似文献
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在2012年秋季选取天气状况相对稳定的12d,运用细颗粒化学组分在线观测仪(ACSM),观测西安大气颗粒物变化;利用正矩阵因子分析法(PMF)对大气细颗粒物中的有机物进行源解析,探讨其对能见度的影响;最后,结合IMPROVE公式中吸湿增长因子和多元线性回归统计方法重建散光系数。结果表明:在观测时段,PM1(不包括黑碳和矿尘等难熔组分)和PM2.5质量浓度时间序列的相关性较好(判定系数为0.67),PM1约占PM2.5质量浓度的60%,有机物约占PM1质量浓度的58%,其他组分(包括SO2-4,NO-3,NH+4和Cl-)约占42%;高相对湿度(大于85%)伴随着一次组分质量分数的增加,雨水对一次组分的湿沉降作用也更加明显;利用正矩阵因子分析法对有机物进行源解析,分解出烃类有机气溶胶(HOA)和氧化性有机气溶胶(OOA)两种组分;OOA约占有机物质量浓度的54%,HOA约占46%,并且在下午时段,HOA发生挥发,经过光化学反应快速转化为OOA;硝酸盐对光的散射贡献最大。 相似文献
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