苔藓生物结皮层腐殖质组成变化特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

闫德仁  张胜男  吴振廷 《干旱区地理》2019,42(6):1354-1358

腐殖质组成是表征土壤化学性质的主要指标之一，在某种程度对评价风沙土的发育过程具有意义。采集了不同气候区沙地沙漠苔藓生物结皮层样品，采用重铬酸钾容量法和光密度法测定了苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量和胡敏酸吸光特性。结果表明：随着干燥指数的增加，苔藓结皮层有机质含量由14.93 g·kg^-1降低到9.89 g·kg^-1，腐殖酸总量由5.1 g·kg^-1降低到2.0 g·kg^-1，胡敏酸含量由2.9 g·kg^-1降低到 0.7 g·kg^-1，富里酸含量由2.2 g·kg^-1降低到1.3 g·kg^-1，胡敏酸与富里酸比值（HA/FA）由1.32降低到0.54，E₄/E₆比值则由4.28增加到5.83。苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量及胡敏酸吸光特性具有地带性变化趋势，并影响着生物结皮层及流动风沙土的发育演变过程。  相似文献   

Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies     

T.V.Tursina 《山地科学学报》2009,6(2):125-131

A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages： （a） the study of the lithological homogeneity/ heterogeneity of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, （b） the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and （e） the subdivision of soil features into the groups of recent and inherited （relict） features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished. Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil horizons （the synlithogenie pedogenesis）. The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil mierofabrics, microforms of soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic soils.  相似文献   

利用~(15)N示踪技术的香蒲对金鱼藻腐殖质氮吸收研究     

程晋伟  古滨河  洪剑明 《湿地科学》2014,(4)

大型植物是湿地生态系统的主要组成部分之一。这些植物死亡后,其营养元素能否被其他植物吸收利用的研究非常有限。利用稳定性同位素15N示踪技术,研究挺水植物香蒲(Typha orientalis)对沉水植物金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)腐殖质氮的吸收。将经过15N标记的金鱼藻粉末[δ15N值为(230.4±28.5)‰,n=3]埋在实验室栽培的香蒲根部的土壤里,在第0天、第14天、第28天、第42天和第56天时,分别采集香蒲各器官(根、茎、新叶和老叶)样品,进行同位素分析,研究金鱼藻有机腐殖质进入底泥后大型水生植物各个器官对金鱼藻营养盐的吸收效率和时间变化。结果表明,在实验进行的前42 d,香蒲的δ15N值变动在20.4‰~46.5‰之间,呈微弱的上升趋势(Kruskal-Wallis,p=0.276)。实验进行到第56天,香蒲各部位δ15N都比以前有显著升高(ANOVA,p0.05),根、茎、新叶和老叶的δ15N值分别达到(108±24.6)‰、(115.5±18.4)‰、(134.2±24.6)‰和(90.3±25.4)‰。这说明香蒲能够利用金鱼藻腐殖质氮,但是有一个滞后过程。本研究结果还进一步证明了利用稳定性同位素示踪技术研究大型植物腐殖质迁移转化规律的可行性,为未来的湿地营养循环研究提供基础。  相似文献   

天然水,土壤和岩石中金与腐殖质的相互作用     

В.  ГМ 王义为 《物探化探译丛》1991,(5):50-53

  相似文献   

Geochemistry of porewater and sulfate-reducing bacteria in sediment cores from the Chianan Plain, Taiwan     

Lichun LIU Yuting CHEN Kuanyu CHEN Jyhyih LEU Tsungkwei LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):67-67

High concentrations of arsenic and humic substances in groundwater from the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan were well known for their probable relationships with black-foot disease. In order to realize the relationships between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic in this area, 24 well water samples were analyzed. After filtered through 0.45 μm glass fiber membrane in the field, samples were kept in the dark at 4℃ and then separated into six fractions with varying range of molecular weight （〈0.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-50 and 〉50 k Da） by ultrafiltration apparatus （Molecular/Por Stirred Cell system） in the lab. Concentrations of humic substances were measured by fluorescence spectrometer （HITACHI F-2000, ex=370, em=445） and arsenic by FIAS-AA （Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100, FIAS-400）. On average, only 6.2% of the total arsenic in water existed in the fraction of 〉0.5 k Da. and the others were complexed with humic substances （including humic acid and fulvic acid）. The results demonstrated a distinct positive correlation between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic.  相似文献   

Effect of particles on the photodegradation of PAHs in natural waters-A case study for the Yellow River     

Xinghui XIA 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):263-263

Photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene and benzo （g, h, i） perylene in natural water of the Yellow River was studied using simulation sunlight. The effects of particulates on the photodegradation were explored. Several results arose from this study. （1） The photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with first-order kinetics when no particulate exists in water system, and the first-order constant increases with decreasing of initial concentration of PAHs. The photodegradation rates of the three PAHs are related to their molecule absorption spectrum. （2） The existence of loess exerts two kinds of effects on the photodegradation of PAHs, including the inner filter effects and the photosensitizing effects of humic substance in loess. These two contrary effects lead to the difference of net effects among different contents of loess. When the loess contents are 0.1 and 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene. When the loess content is 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of benzo （g, h, i） perylene. In addition, the photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with the second-order kinetics when there is loess in the water system. （3） The soluble humic substances in loess can accelerate the photodegradation of PAHs while the in soluble part cannot. （4） Since the soluble humic substances in the suspended solids of the river have been dissolved in water,  相似文献   

初中地理（人教版）第四册彩图说明     

葛文城 《地理教学》1998,(2):31-33

所谓“黑土地”,是指困腐殖质积累高而土色深暗发黑的黑土、黑钙土等．主要分布在三江平原和松嫩平原。这种土壤有机质含量可高达5～15,是华北平原上褐土的3～6倍,太湖平原水稻土的2～3倍．且具有土层疏松、通气透水、保墒性好等特点一是我国最肥沃的土壤。  相似文献   

我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的空间变化特征   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18  

王秀红 《地理科学》2001,21(1):19-23

主要根据全国第二次土壤普查的成果，对我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的含量和胡敏酸与富里酸比值的空间变化特征进行了概括，进而探讨了在不同自然和人因素影响下，土壤有机质的累积状况与稳定性特征。  相似文献   

金与天然水,土壤,岩石中腐殖质的相互作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ｂ.  ΓＭ 一桥 《国外铀金地质》1992,(2):33-35

  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河源大西沟气象站附近的埋藏腐殖质层与共生冻土   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

赵林  邱国庆 《冰川冻土》1991,13(2):177-180

  相似文献