Management of the commons for biodiversity: lessons from the North Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jerry McBeath   《Marine Policy》2004,28(6):580

The North Pacific has the world's largest groundfish fisheries, with a value in excess of $1 billion annually. The North Pacific also is home to the largest population of Steller sea lions (SSL), an ancient species that is now endangered. Decline of the western stock of SSL in the 1970–1990s coincided with the US nationalization and exponential growth in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands groundfish fishery.The article treats five aspects of the competition between the fishery and protection of the endangered species. First, we analyze competition of interests in the use, management, and preservation of the North Pacific commons, including offshore and near-shore fisheries, environmental organizations, governments (federal, state, and local), and the scientific community. Second, the article compares and contrasts provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Magnuson–Stevens Act (as amended in 1996 by the Sustainable Fisheries Act).Third, we examine the regulatory environment with a focus on the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and its relationship to the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. We illustrate how NMFS establishes fishery management plans and the methods, such as crafting biological opinions and environmental-impact-statements, it uses to resolve conflicts. Fourth, we investigate how the dual pressures on the agency—to increase fisheries production for the benefit of the industry and to preserve endangered marine species—have affected its culture (behavioral norms and operational codes). Then, the article explains agency changes in terms of crises, competition among affected interests, and development of new scientific knowledge.The article concludes by drawing lessons from the SSL controversy in the North Pacific which may pertain to national and global biodiversity conflicts. These concern the role of law in biodiversity protection, the role of science, and agency capacity for change.  相似文献   

前颌间银鱼资源变动原因的初步探讨     

张国祥 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(5):517-526

于1985—1988年对前额间银鱼生物学特性、资源变动状况及其原因进行了现场和社会调查。调查表明,前颌间银鱼资源变动的原因是南、西区和吴淞口三大污染源对其生态环境严重污染;同时还有多年持续过捕超过其再增殖能力。为此,提出治理污染,恢复前颌间银鱼的生活环境及保护繁殖亲体的对策和建议。  相似文献   

海底油气管道保护电位检测装置的研究     

郭津年  徐斌  卢阿平  曾仁森  吴佳林 《海洋科学》1990,14(5):53-57

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江苏危机矿山深部及外围潜力资源找矿          下载免费PDF全文

苏安金  苏阳 《江苏地质》2008,32(3):235-238

介绍了危机矿山的定义.对江苏省主要固体矿产矿山的危机程度进行了综合分析.叙述了能源矿产、金属矿产和其他非金属矿产等矿山所属的危机程度.指出了危机矿山存在的主要问题,即矿产资源保证程度低;资源潜力依据充分,但找矿难度大.就江苏危机矿山深部及外围潜力资源找矿工作,提出了一些建议.  相似文献   

勘察设计咨询企业的知识产权保护研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王锐 《中国勘察设计》2008,(3):71-73

从勘察设计咨询企业的知识产权保护现状、作品范围、产权归属以及知识产权保护与管理等方面,论证了勘察设计咨询企业做好知识产权保护工作的必要性。  相似文献   

衡水湖湿地水环境分析及保护对策   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘振杰 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(2):41-44

衡水湖是华北平原惟一保存完整的内陆淡水湿地生态系统,生物多样性十分丰富,本文通过对衡水湖湿地水环境监测资料的收集整理,分析了衡水湖湿地水环境质量现状。结果表明:衡水湖在建立国家级自然保护区后,通过实施一系列严格的保护措施,目前水质仍保持较好。为了进一步保护衡水湖良好的生态环境,充分发挥衡水湖的生态功能,结合衡水湖的实际,提出了水环境保护建议。  相似文献   

马鞍山市江心洲湿地保护与利用     

刘滨谊  钟华 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(1):36-39

围绕马鞍山江心洲湿地的发展规划,分析了湿地现状及因港口、城市发展所面临的保护与发展问题。以当今湿地与水资源保护为前提,探讨了江心州湿地开发利用战略与保护措施,提出了湿地保护与发展兼容的若干经验模式。  相似文献   

Karst groundwater protection in the Kupa River catchment area and sustainable development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Biondić  R. Biondić  S. Kapelj 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(6):828-839

One of the most significant water resources in the Republic of Croatia is the catchment area of the Kupa River, located in the region bordering the Republic of Slovenia. About 88% of the total amount of water in this catchment originates in Croatia and just 12% from Slovenia; therefore, the largest part of the catchment area (about 1000 km²) is on the Croatian side of the border. It is a typical karst area of the Dinarides with aquifers characterized by a relatively rapid water exchange, high groundwater flow velocities and aquifers open to human impact from the surface. Consequently, the aquifers are highly vulnerable and at risk. Due to the availability of large quantities of high-quality spring water (about 6 m³/s), the entire area has a strategic importance within the context of any future development strategy pertaining to the western part of Croatia. The catchment area on the Croatian side was investigated using a wide range of research methods that included a classical hydrogeological approach, the detailed hydrologic calculation of water balance to the hydrogeochemical analyses and modelling. The objective was to determine protection zones and protection measures for the whole area. The difficulties are increased due to the fact that the karst catchment area is crossed by major traffic corridors, oil pipelines and a railway and that many settlements and a highly developed wood industry are present. The combination of protecting water resources with adequate prevention measures and necessary remedial activities that should satisfy the very strict requirements necessary for the protection of the karst aquifers while still allowing for present and future human activities is difficult – but not impossible – to achieve. One good example is the present highway with a closed dewatering system and waste water treatment before the water passes into the karst underground system.  相似文献   

加强工程施工项目管理措施与建议     

谭永强 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(5):131-132,138

结合项目施工管理的经验,从建立项目管理班子、项目评估和合同评审签订、人力资源的优化配置、强化劳务管理、责任成本管理、建立激励约束机制六个方面来探讨加强工程项目管理办法,并同时提出了加强工程项目管理的具体措施与建议.  相似文献   

地理空间关系描述与集成推理     

吴静  程朋根  毛建华 《现代测绘》2005,28(4):13-16

地理要素的空间关系在GIS空间数据建模、空间分析、地图自动综合等方面起着重要的作用,研究如何快速判断要素间空间关系是否发生变化,从而有效维护空间关系具有重要的科学意义.本文对目前现有的有关地理空间关系描述及其集成推理的研究成果进行了综合分析与分类,分析了它们的适应性与特点,并就本研究方向存在的问题和今后需要解决的问题提出了一些看法和思路.  相似文献