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裂谷盆地生油层中火山岩及其矿物与有机质的相互作用——油气生成的催化和加氢作用研究进展及展望 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
我国裂谷盆地生油层中常有火山岩发育。在研究它们共生模式的基础上,利用地球化学和模拟实验等手段探索埋藏成岩期火山矿物与有机质的相互作用。初步成果表明,一些火山矿物对有机质生烃具有催化和加氢作用,可以使生油岩在较低温度和压力条件下生成较多的油气。但是不同火山矿物对油气生成的催化加氢效果及其动力学特征、这种成因类型的油气识别方法、成藏模式等,还需深入研究。因此,本研究对于丰富油气成因理论、提供新的找油领域具有重要意义。 相似文献
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John Lee Grenfell Joachim W. Stock Stefanie Gebauer 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(10):1252-1257
We propose a mechanism for the oxidation of gaseous CO into CO2 occurring on the surface mineral hematite (Fe2O3(s)) in hot, CO2-rich planetary atmospheres, such as Venus. This mechanism is likely to constitute an important source of tropospheric CO2 on Venus and could at least partly address the CO2 stability problem in Venus’ stratosphere, since our results suggest that atmospheric CO2 is produced from CO oxidation via surface hematite at a rate of 0.4 petagrammes (Pg) CO2 per (Earth) year on Venus which is about 45% of the mass loss of CO2 via photolysis in the Venusian stratosphere. We also investigated CO oxidation via the hematite mechanism for a range of planetary scenarios and found that modern Earth and Mars are probably too cold for the mechanism to be important because the rate-limiting step, involving CO(g) reacting onto the hematite surface, proceeds much slower at lower temperatures. The mechanism may feature on extrasolar planets such as Gliese 581c or CoRoT-7b assuming they can maintain solid surface hematite which, e.g. starts to melt above about 1200 K. The mechanism may also be important for hot Hadean-type environments and for the emerging class of hot Super-Earths with planetary surface temperatures between about 600 and 900 K. 相似文献
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黄铁矿对有机质成烃的催化作用讨论 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
粘土矿物，碳酸盐，石英等无机矿物对有机质演化的催化作用已被确认，有机质干酪根类型还与黄铁矿含量，形态有关，而其中硫的含量直接影响到干酪根反应的活化能，反应速率，指出黄铁矿也是一种有效的催化剂。鉴于世界原油中有很大一部分产自高硫酪根，深入研究其中的机理是当前石油地球化学中的一项刻不容缓的任务。 相似文献
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The scope for generating bio-oils with relatively low oxygen contents via hydropyrolysis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The primary oils obtained in high yields from fast (fluidised-bed) pyrolysis of biomass generally have high oxygen contents (ca. 40% w/w). The scope for using pyrolysis under hydrogen pressure (hydropyrolysis), to give oils with much lower oxygen contents compared to normal pyrolysis has been investigated. Fixed-bed hydropyrolysis tests have been conducted on cellulose, sugar cane bagasse and eucalyptus wood using hydrogen pressures up to 10 MPa, with heating rates of 5 and 300°C min−1. A colloidal FeS catalyst was used in some tests (Fe loading of 5%, w/w) to increase overall conversions. Further, the attractive option of using a two-stage reactor in which the primary oil vapors are passed though a bed of hydrotreating catalyst is also described. Raising the hydrogen pressure from atmospheric to 10 MPa reduced the oxygen content of the primary oil by over 10% to below 20% w/w. The addition of a dispersed iron sulphide catalyst gave conversions close to 100% for all three biomass samples investigated at 10 MPa under conditions in the fixed-bed reactor where significant diffusional resistances existed and reduced the oxygen content of the bio-oil by a further 10%. Although NMR indicated that the oils became increasingly aromatic as more oxygen was removed, the increase in hydrogen pressure decreased the extent of overall aromatisation that occurs primarily due to the lower char yields obtained. In two-stage tests for cellulose, using a commercial sulphided Ni/Mo γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 400°C, increasing the hydrogen pressure from 2.5 to 10 MPa decreased the oxygen content of the oil by over 20% to 10% w/w. The H/C ratios were higher and O/C ratios smaller for the two-stage bio-oils compared to their single stage counterparts. However, the differences in the O/C ratios between the single and two-stage bio-oils increase with pressure. 相似文献
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粘土矿物对有机质生烃的催化作用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
烃源岩的有机质主要以有机粘土复合体的形式存在。有机质生烃是一种有机粘土化学反应。反应过程中,有机质与粘土之间存在质子和电子迁移,粘土通过对水分子的吸附和离解为有机质加氢裂解提供H+,而有机质生成的有机酸激活了粘土的催化活性,也为蒙皂石伊利石化反应创造了条件。烃源岩不同粘土矿物的选择性催化特征是影响油气组成的最重要因素。粘土的催化活性大小和发育时间是决定烃源岩生烃潜力大小的因素。由于烃源岩在蒙皂石伊利石化阶段具有最大的催化活性,而且与有机质生烃反应同步,因此富含伊$蒙混合层的烃源岩是世界含油气盆地的最有利烃源岩。不同地质时期的烃类地质储量与烃源岩膨胀性粘土的丰度有密切关系。 相似文献
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The oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), such as malathion and parathion, in aqueous solution was studied using conventional ozonation (O3), photolytic ozonation (O3/UV, O3/UV/H2O2), and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2/UV) processes. Experiments were performed in batch mode at laboratory scale and processes were compared in terms of disappearance kinetics. The best results of pesticide mineralization were obtained when TiO2 particles in combination with ozone (O3) and UV photolysis (λ = 254 nm) were applied. Decomposition of 99% of parent compounds were achieved in 10 min and oxon derivatives were completely removed in 30 min. The initial reaction rate increases linearly with increasing catalyst amount. Toxicity measurements of the treated solutions were carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment methods. No detoxification was achieved for O3 and O3/UV applications. Heterogeneous photocatalytic ozonation was shown to be feasible for achieving complete decomposition of OPPs and their oxon intermediates. 相似文献
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One‐dimensional MoO3 nanofibers doped with Ce (MoO3 : CeO2) are synthesized by a method combining a sol‐gel process and an electrospinning technique. The resulting MoO3 : CeO2 is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic degradation of rhodamine B and safranin‐T with MoO3 : CeO2 nanofiber catalyst is investigated in a continuous flowing mode using air (O2) as an oxidant. The results show that rhodamine B and safranin‐T are degraded effectively and the removal efficiencies are 98.3%, and 98.5%, respectively. In addition, the organic dyes are totally mineralized to simple inorganic species such as CO3–, Cl– and NO3–. 相似文献
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利用浸渍法制备负载型V2O5/Na2SiO3催化剂,并通过XRD、IR、TG-DSC手段对催化剂进行了结构和热分析表征。在以Na2SiO3为载体的基础上,以V2O5为催化剂,通过改变V2O5的负载量,考查了不同负载量的V2O5催化剂对苯氧化为苯酚的催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当V2O5的负载量为1%时,V2O5的催化性能最好,这是由于V2O5高度分散于Na2SiO3载体上,增大了活性组分V2O5的表面积,从而增加了其活性中心个数及活性组分与反应物的接触面积,增加了其催化活性。 相似文献
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煤中矿物/金属元素在生气过程中的催化作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统煤化作用理论认为,煤层气生成是煤中有机质在地层温度/压力或微生物作用下发生降解或裂解的结果,近年来国内外相关研究成果却对这一传统理论提出了重大质疑。为此,从沉积有机质中具有催化作用的矿物/金属元素、催化模拟实验与其结果表征、催化作用机制3个方面,总结了国内外关于有机质催化生气作用研究的进展,讨论了本领域今后研究工作的重点和发展方向。认为在模拟煤中有机质的矿物/金属元素催化生气时,应考虑有机质和无机质之间的相互作用,兼顾矿物与矿物之间的反应,使之尽可能接近于真实的地层条件;以地质学和化学两大学科的理论为基础,借鉴化工界研究成果,在微观层面上深入研究煤中有机质—无机质作用的态—态催化作用、选键催化作用和微观反应机理。建议重视煤岩学、煤中矿物学、煤无机/有机地球化学与催化化学的综合研究,探究煤中矿物/金属元素催化生气的实质,寻找催化生气的判识标志,针对具体对象建立定量的催化反应速率数学模型和催化生气产率数学模型。 相似文献