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Amnon Kartin 《GeoJournal》2001,53(3):273-282
The demand for scarce fresh water requires Israel to cease squandering this limited resource on agriculture, at present consuming about 70% of the annual supply. Environmental pollution must cease as well, for untreated urban water effluent contaminates ground water. All Israel's 700 million cubic metres sewage water must be suitably purified to irrigate about one hundred thousand hectares. Climatically controlled greenhouses and advanced agricultural research will reduce the amount of water and land required for the cultivation of the fresh vegetables and fruit, and small proportion of the dry fodder needed for the country's consumption. Israeli agriculture's association with moral, ideological and social ideas obstructs meaningful reduction in the allocation of water to agriculture. The Zionist movement has always seen transforming land into a means of production as the index of its success. Failure in this would signify an inability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions and be a sweeping repudiation of Zionism. The protracted Israeli-Arab national conflict also affects water policy. Israeli Jewish society has always considered rural settlement, agricultural activity, as part of the substance of its national identity and power, bonding the people with the land and consolidating territorial sovereignty. Since the 1970s, capitalism, which has dominated Israeli ideology, has favoured the individual's interests over the community's. Thus agriculture is mobilized to accommodate the private struggle for the good of the farming sector against the needs of the national collective. 相似文献
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Questions of justice have been raised in recent years when contending with the social costs of urban sprawl. But this field of inquiry suffers from the difficulty of translating the abstract notion of justice into measurable spatial indices. The aim of this paper is to empirically measure the liberal notion of justice in the metropolitan region of Tel Aviv by adopting Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of three forms of capital. Under this theory, the formation of economic, cultural, and social capital in the individual’s living environment determines the person’s exposure to different sets of life-chances (i.e., capabilities), thus influencing equality of opportunity (i.e., social justice) in space. The analysis reveals that suburban inhabitants benefit from a larger accumulation of the three forms of capital than do urban inhabitants. Accumulation of these capitals has a positive effect on exposure to life-chances, thus enhancing spatial segregation between cities and suburbs. 相似文献
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Distinctive trace-metal concentrations characterize Cenomanian to Eocene marine carbonates from Israel. The Cenomanian-Turonian platform carbonates, including clayey formations, exhibit low average values ranging between 2 and 29 ppm for Zn, Cr, V, Ni, Cu, U and Co. The Santonian-Campanian and Early to Middle Eocene marine chalks show higher average concentrations of these trace-metals ranging between 3 and 56 ppm. The highest average concentrations of these metals (5–118 ppm) are found in the Maastrichtian and in the Palaeocene marine chalks and marls. The possible relationship between these metal background levels and the lithology, the biogenic productivity, the organic matter content, the iron oxide concentration, the rate of sedimentation of the studied time-rock units as well as the palaeogeographical changes are discussed. The extent of the exposed palaeo-landmasses due to tectonics, the intensity of weathering conditions and the detritus supply into the basin, control primarily the iron and trace-metal content in the studied sediments. 相似文献
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Pacific walruses, indigenous hunters, and climate change: Bridging scientific and indigenous knowledge 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Igor Krupnik G. Carleton Ray 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2946
This paper presents and evaluates two perspectives on changing climate–walrus–human relationships in the Beringian region, from the viewpoints of marine biology and ecology, and from that of indigenous hunters. Bridging these types of knowledge is vital in order to grasp the complexity of the processes involved and for advancing understanding of subarctic marine ecosystems that are currently experiencing rapid ecological and social change. We argue that despite substantial gaps and distinctions, information generated by scientists and indigenous hunters have many similarities. Differences in interpretation are primarily due to scaling and temporal rates of change of knowledge, which could be rectified through more active sharing of expertise and records, enhanced documentation of indigenous observations, more collaborative research, and increased insight from the social sciences. 相似文献
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Shmueli Deborah F. Segal Ehud Ben Gal Michal Feitelson Eran Reichman Amnon 《Natural Hazards》2019,98(2):405-423
Natural Hazards - The Jordan Rift Valley is a high-risk low-occurrence zone for earthquakes, with documented incidences within the last millennium causing widespread destruction. This research... 相似文献
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ACCURACY PREDICTION FOR ORTHO-IMAGE GENERATION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Amnon Krupnik 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(101):41-58
This paper revisits the basic mathematical formulation of ortho-image (digital orthophoto) generation. The main objective is to provide an approach for predicting the accuracy of an ortho-image, according to the accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM), control points and image measurements, the configuration of fiducial, tie and control points, and the ground slope. The approach is based on applying the well-known law of error propagation to the mathematical model of ortho-image generation. Although it may seem intuitive for professionals in the field of photogrammetry, such an approach is essential in the era when specialists in other fields use off-the-shelf software packages for ortho-image generation. Simulations with the derived approach show that the accuracy of the ortho-image is more sensitive to errors in image measurement of fiducial, tie and control points and ground coordinates of control points, than to DEM errors. Non-standard configurations of fiducial, tie and control points further impair the accuracy. In addition, certain combinations of point location and ground slope might lead to unacceptably large error on the ortho-image. 相似文献
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Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Igor Krupnik 《Polar research》2000,19(1):49-56
In many areas across Siberia, the reindeer herding economy of the native people went into a deep recession during the post-Soviet transition of the 1990s. However, as a larger cross-section of data indicates, the reindeer stock decline is not a universal phenomenon. Nor is the present-day crisis in native Siberian herding economies an unprecedented event, as pastoralists did suffer tremendously in "traditional times", due to the devastating epizootics and other natural disasters, and even more so, during the Soviet-induceed collectivizsation. While such a historical review by no means diminishes the scale of the present-day crisis in native herding economies, it helps to identify both the experience and traditional adaptations once used by the native Siberians during the previous times of hardship. Of those, the most efficient were: maintaining cultural and ecological diversity in local herding systems; the ability to shift quickly between nomadic population as the invaluable source of cultural knowledge, technological expertise, and of domestic reindeer stock for ultimate recovery. The modern situation in Siberia, in fact, favours increased local diversity and helps to produce a steady stream of new "winners" as well as new "losers." This new experience has to be comprehensively documented, to produce both a reliable general overview and a detailed summary of the specific regional and local transitions. 相似文献
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