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1.
The M=7.2 southern Hyogo prefecture earthquake, which occurred on January 17, 1995, destroyed the region severely. Further researches
are necessary to explain the problems obtained from this earthquake. We have discussed some characteristics correlating with
this earthquake, such as distribution of aftershocks and disaster, relationship between fault and generation of inland shallow
earthquakes, strong motion and so on. The tectonic movements of surface faults may be different from those of deep faults.
Earthquakes may not be restricted directly by the tectonic movements of surface faults. The strong motion zone is often appeared
in the region a little away from the both ends or from the single side of a fault instead of the region of a focal fault.
Some mechanisms of strong motion have also been discussed. 相似文献
2.
3.
Shunji Ouchi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(5):1083-1095
Four runs of experimental landform development, with the same uplift rate, different rainfall intensity, and the same material of different permeability adjusted by the degree of compaction, showed complicated effects of rainfall and mound-forming material. In the run with more rainfall on less permeable material, low separated ridges developed in the uplifted area, because abundant overland flow promoted valley erosion and slope processes from early stages. In the run with less rainfall on less permeable material, valley incision proceeded mostly in major valleys where surface water converges. Canyons developed during early stages and later a high massive mountain emerged. The effect of rainfall difference, however, appeared completely opposite on more permeable material accompanied by lower shear strength. In the run with more rainfall on more permeable material, a massive mountain similar to that with less rainfall on less permeable material appeared, and low separated ridges appeared in the run with less rainfall on more permeable material as in the run with more rainfall on less permeable material. In the former case, similar amount of water available for Hortonian overland flow in early stages estimated from rainfall rate and permeability can explain the development of similar landforms. In the latter case, while abundant surface water with more rainfall on less permeable material made fluvial erosion active from early stages, the deficiency in surface water with less rainfall on more permeable material apparently attenuated fluvial erosion but possibly accentuated slope processes and slope failures by seepage water flow through more permeable material of low shear strength. The active erosion from early stages apparently resulted in the development of enduring similar low landforms later in the dynamic equilibrium stage. These experimental results indicate that similar landforms can emerge from different environmental and lithologic controls, and that process does not necessarily follow from form. 相似文献
4.
Toru OuchiDepartment of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Kobe University Kobe Japan 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,(6)
ＴｈｅｂｖａｌｕｅｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍａｎｄηｖａｌｕｅｂｙｔｈｅｍｏｍｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄＴｏｒｕＯｕｃｈｉ（大内）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ＫｏｂｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｋｏｂｅ，６５７，... 相似文献
5.
A nearly 100-km-long surface rupture zone, called Chelungpu surface rupture zone, occurred mostly along the pre-existing Chelungpu fault on the northwestern side of Taiwan, accompanying the 1999 Chi-Chi Ms 7.6 earthquake. The Chelungpu surface rupture zone can be divided into four segments based on the characteristics of co-seismic displacements, geometry of the surface ruptures and geological structures. These segments generally show a right-step en echelon form and strike NE–SW to N–S, and dip to the east with angles ranging from 50 to 85°. The co-seismic flexural-slip folding structures commonly occurred in or near the surface rupture zone from a few meters to a few hundreds of meters in width, which have an orientation in fold axes parallel or oblique to the surface rupture zone. The displacements measured in the southern three segments are approximately 1.0–3.0 m horizontally and 2.0–4.0 m vertically. The largest displacements were measured in the northern segment, 11.1 m horizontally and 7.5 m vertically, respectively. The amount of co-seismic horizontal shortening caused by flexural-slip folding and reverse faulting in the surface rupture zone is generally less than 3 m. It is evident that the co-seismic displacements of the surface rupture zone are a quantitative surface indicator of the faulting process in the earthquake source fault. The relations between the geometry and geomorphology of the surface rupture zone, dips of the co-seismic faulting planes and the striations on the main fault planes generated during the co-seismic displacement, show that the Chelungpu surface rupture zone is a reverse fault zone with a large left-lateral component. 相似文献
6.
Fumiaki Nakata Tadayuki Kodama Kazuhiro Shimasaku Mamoru Doi Hisanori Furusawa Masaru Hamabe Masahiko Kimura Yutaka Komiyama Satoshi Miyazaki Sadanori Okamura Masami Ouchi † Maki Sekiguchi Yoshihiro Ueda Masafumi Yagi Naoki Yasuda 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,357(4):1357-1362
7.
Shunji Ouchi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(2):161-173
Flume experiments, in which the middle section of an erosion channel is displaced horizontally, have been conducted to assess the response of streams to horizontal displacement by a strike‐slip fault. The experimental erosion channel was developed in a mixture of sand and clay, which provided relatively stable banks with its cohesiveness. Horizontal displacement of a strike‐slip fault perpendicular to the channel is expected to add a ?at section to its longitudinal pro?le along the fault line. The experimental stream eliminated this ?at section with downstream degradation, upstream aggradation, and lateral channel shift. As a result, a roughly continuous longitudinal pro?le was maintained. This maintenance of a continuous longitudinal pro?le along channel is considered to be the principle of stream response to horizontal displacement by a strike‐slip fault. Downstream degradation was the dominant process of this stream response in the overall tendency of erosion without sand supply. When the rate of fault displacement was low (long recurrence interval), the experimental stream eroded the fault surface, jutting laterally into the channel like a scarp, and de?ected the channel within the recurrence interval. This lateral channel shift gave some gradient to the reach created by fault displacement (offset reach), and the downstream degradation occurred as much as completing the remaining longitudinal pro?le adjustment. When the rate of fault displacement was high (short recurrence interval), the lateral erosion on the ?rst fault surface was interrupted by the next fault displacement. The displacement was then added incrementally to the existing channel offset making channel shift by lateral erosion increasingly dif?cult. The channel offset with sharp bends persisted without much modi?cation, and downstream degradation and upstream aggradation became evident with the effect of the offset channel course, which worked like a dam. In this case, a slight local convexity, which was incidentally formed by downstream degradation and upstream aggradation, tended to remain in the roughly continuous longitudinal pro?le, as long as the horizontal channel offset persisted. In either case, once the experimental stream obtained a roughly continuous gradient, further channel adjustment seemed to halt. Horizontal channel offset remained to a greater or lesser extent at the end of each run long after the last fault displacement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Ship detection based on coherence images derived from cross correlation of multilook SAR images 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ouchi K. Tamaki S. Yaguchi H. Iehara M. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2004,1(3):184-187
A new simple technique is presented to extract ships from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The procedure is to compute the cross-correlation values between two images extracted by moving windows of a small size from the multilook SAR intensity (or amplitude) images. A coherence image, consisting of the cross-correlation values of the intensity images, is then produced. Ships are deterministic targets, so that their interlook subimages possess higher degree of coherence than the uncorrelated random images of the surrounding sea surface. The main advantage of this method over the conventional constant false-alarm rate is its ability to detect, under favorable conditions, "invisible" images of ships embedded in the speckled image of the sea surface. The technique is tested using a RADARSAT-1 image in which one known and several unknown ships are present. The use of complex images and the exploitation of short decorrelation times of small-scale ocean waves to obtain an extra look are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
Pi-SAR极化数据与K分布指数估算森林生物量与实验验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用2002年和2003年日本Pi-SAR全极化数据,研究日本北海道苫小牧森林地区的森林生物量.雷达后向散射系数随森林生物量的增大而增大并迅速达到饱和,L波段雷达数据饱和点约为40t/hm2,X波段仅约为20t/hm2.在SAR数据统计分布中,K分布的指数参数在饱和点以上仍随生物量的增大而增大,并且HV极化方式时相关性最高.根据交叉极化数据K分布的指数参数与森林生物量的关系,本文估算了23个观测点的森林生物量,结果表明平均准确率为85%.因此该算法可以作为一种新的估算森林生物量的手段. 相似文献
10.
In this paper, results are presented on the comparison of X-band radar backscattering coefficient (RBC) from an oilcovered sea surface that features the Elfouhaily and Durden-Vesecky waveheight spectra. The Durden-Vesecky spectrum applies to a fully-developed sea, while the Elfouhaily spectrum accounts for the fetch of arbitrary length. Using these two waveheight spectra, a one-dimensional random rough surface is simulated by the Monte Carlo method, and the method of moments (MoM) is applied to yield the RBC. Comparison of the results with TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired over the coastal waters polluted by the Hebei Spirit oil tanker shows that the Elfouhaily spectrum yields better agreement than the Durden-Vesecky spectrum for the fully-developed sea, and that the fetch-dependent Elfouhaily spectrum improves the agreement with SAR data in comparison with the fetch-independent spectrum for the fully developed sea. A possible application to estimate the amount of spilled oil is also suggested. 相似文献