杭州市区空气污染物变化特征及其与气象条件的关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

洪盛茂  焦荔  何曦  孙鸿良  徐鸿  杨乐  何纪平  叶贤满  张天  姚晗 《气象》2010,36(2):93-101

利用2002—2007年杭州市区空气污染物监测资料,根据杭州周边城市的每日环境空气质量,结合不同污染类型和气象资料,分析市区空气污染物变化特征及与气象条件的关系。结果表明,市区环境空气质量中污染天数出现频率逐年减少,空气质量正在好转,主要是首要污染物PM_(10)的浓度呈现逐年降低的趋势。在三种污染类型中大范围连续污染类型中的较重污染出现天数比其他两种污染类型多一半,大范围连续污染类型时PM_(10)浓度是最高的,个别污染类型时最低,PM_(10)浓度分别为0.256 mg·m~(-3)和0.177 mg·m~(-3)。不同类型与不同天气形势的关系比较密切。杭州市区污染出现频率存在明显的季节变化,冬季最高,夏季最低,污染频率分别为25.6%和3.6%。不同污染类型中个别污染类型出现最多,局地连续污染类型出现最少,出现频率分别为40.7%和29.9%。不同季节不同污染类型的出现频率相差较大,局地连续污染冬季出现频率较高,个别污染在春季出现较多,大范围连续污染在秋季出现较多。夏季的空气质量最好,只有少数的个别污染出现。在不同级别污染中,Ⅲ1级(轻微污染)主要是个别污染类型,Ⅲ2级(轻度污染)和Ⅳ1级(中度污染)污染主要是大范围连续污染类型,而Ⅳ2级(中度重污染)和Ⅴ级(重度污染)污染出现时主要是受到沙尘暴影响或春节烟花爆竹燃放影响的个别污染类型。  相似文献   

Effect of urbanization on the urban meteorology and air pollution in Hangzhou   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘红年  马万里  钱俊龙  蔡菊珍  叶贤满  李佳惠  王学远 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(6):950-965

Urbanization has a substantial effect on urban meteorology. It can alter the atmospheric diffusion capability in urban areas and therefore affect pollutant concentrations. To study the effects of Hangzhou’s urban development in most recent decade on its urban meteorological characteristics and pollutant diffusion, 90 weather cases were simulated, covering 9 weather types, with the Nanjing University City Air Quality Prediction System and high-resolution surface-type data and urban construction data for 2000 and 2010. The results show that the most recent decade of urban development in Hangzhou substantially affected its urban meteorology. Specifically, the average urban wind speed decreased by 1.1 m s ^?1; the average intensity of the heat island increased by 0.5°C; and the average urban relative humidity decreased by 9.7%. Based on one case for each of the nine weather types, the impact of urbanization on air pollution diffusion was investigated, revealing that the changes in the meteorological environment decreased the urban atmosphere’s diffusion capability, and therefore increased urban pollutant concentrations. For instance, the urban nitrogen oxides concentration increased by 2.1 μg m ^?3 on average; the fine particulate matter (diameter of 2.5 μm or less; PM_2.5) pollution concentration increased by 2.3 μg m ^?3 on average; in highly urbanized areas, the PM_2.5 concentration increased by 30 μg m ^?3 and average visibility decreased by 0.2 km, with a maximum decrease of 1 km; the average number of daily hours of haze increased by 0.46 h; and the haze height lifted by 100–300 m. The “self-cleaning time” of pollutants increased by an average of 1.5 h.  相似文献