苏南两次回流天气过程形势特征和降水相态分析          下载免费PDF全文

王璐璐  钱俊龙  王丽芳  孙永  周彬  钱昊钟 《气象科学》2023,43(6):807-819

利用常规观测资料、0.25°×0.25° FNL资料、微波辐射计资料和风廓线雷达资料，对发生在苏南的两次回流天气过程的环流特征、大气层结特征等进行分析。结果表明：高纬度地区500 hPa是两槽一脊的环流形势，近地面层持续受东北风影响，西南暖湿气流在底层冷垫上爬升，是回流降雪天气形势；从东北平原回流南下的冷空气湿度小，在降水中只起到了"冷垫"的作用。中低层西南暖湿气流差异导致两次降雪强度存在差异；近地面层的降温在雨和雪的区分判别上影响更大，统计2012—2022年初苏南地区8个降雪个例发现，苏南地区，满足T₈₅₀≤-4 ℃，T₉₂₅≤-3 ℃，T_{1 000}≤1 ℃，T_{2 m}≤2 ℃这样的温度阈值条件时开始雨转降雪；当1 515 gpm≤H_700-850≤1 575 gpm，1 289 gpm≤H_{850-1 000}≤1 317 gpm时，相态易由雨转雪。中低层西南气流、底层东北风的加强，2 000 m左右高度风场的转变，短波槽（或切变线）触发了不稳定能量的释放，导致降雪发生；当中低层西南气流减弱转为西北气流后，大气水汽含量降低，降雪结束。  相似文献   

外来输送对江苏冬季PM2.5贡献的数值模拟研究     

钱俊龙  牛文胜  查书瑶  王璐璐  陈潇潇  周彬 《热带气象学报》2019,35(5):673-680

利用WRF-Chem模式对2016年12月中下旬的两次重污染过程进行模拟,定量研究外来污染输送对江苏省PM_2.5的污染贡献。15—17日和22—23日两次过程都存在明显的上游污染输送特征:宿迁、扬州、无锡(自西北向东南)的PM_2.5浓度先后出现峰值,峰值均出现在西北风场中,当风向转为偏北风时峰值逐渐减弱。第二次过程中地面风力更大,高空形势更有利于远距离输送,高值区范围强度明显强于第一次,重度污染层厚度达到900~1 500 m,且持续时间较长。第一次过程中江苏省内排放源贡献率为23%~79%(第二次为5%~32%),苏南仍以本地排放源污染为主,苏北外来输送贡献率超过50%。第二次过程中宿迁、扬州、无锡的PM_2.5外来输送贡献分别为105.9 μg/m3、83.1 μg/m3、64.8 μg/m3(第一次为40.2 μg/m3、20.9 μg/m3、11.1 μg/m3),山东省和京津冀地区排放源是主要污染输送来源,二者贡献之和在44%~70%。两次过程中,外来输送贡献均是自北向南递减,山东省贡献率高于京津冀地区,而其余周边省份的贡献率相对较低;安徽省对江苏西部城市的贡献率较高。   相似文献   

Effect of urbanization on the urban meteorology and air pollution in Hangzhou   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘红年  马万里  钱俊龙  蔡菊珍  叶贤满  李佳惠  王学远 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(6):950-965

Urbanization has a substantial effect on urban meteorology. It can alter the atmospheric diffusion capability in urban areas and therefore affect pollutant concentrations. To study the effects of Hangzhou’s urban development in most recent decade on its urban meteorological characteristics and pollutant diffusion, 90 weather cases were simulated, covering 9 weather types, with the Nanjing University City Air Quality Prediction System and high-resolution surface-type data and urban construction data for 2000 and 2010. The results show that the most recent decade of urban development in Hangzhou substantially affected its urban meteorology. Specifically, the average urban wind speed decreased by 1.1 m s ^?1; the average intensity of the heat island increased by 0.5°C; and the average urban relative humidity decreased by 9.7%. Based on one case for each of the nine weather types, the impact of urbanization on air pollution diffusion was investigated, revealing that the changes in the meteorological environment decreased the urban atmosphere’s diffusion capability, and therefore increased urban pollutant concentrations. For instance, the urban nitrogen oxides concentration increased by 2.1 μg m ^?3 on average; the fine particulate matter (diameter of 2.5 μm or less; PM_2.5) pollution concentration increased by 2.3 μg m ^?3 on average; in highly urbanized areas, the PM_2.5 concentration increased by 30 μg m ^?3 and average visibility decreased by 0.2 km, with a maximum decrease of 1 km; the average number of daily hours of haze increased by 0.46 h; and the haze height lifted by 100–300 m. The “self-cleaning time” of pollutants increased by an average of 1.5 h.  相似文献