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Seasonal variability of Indonesian rainfall in ECHAM4 simulations and in the reanalyses: The role of ENSO 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary A study of the skill of the ECHAM version 4 atmospheric general circulation model and two reanalyses in simulating Indonesian
rainfall is presented with comparisons to 30 years of rain gauge data. The reanalyses are those performed by the European
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction jointly with National Center
for Atmospheric Research. This study investigates the skill of the reanalyses and ECHAM4 with regard to three climate regions
of Indonesia, the annual and interannual variability of rainfall and its responses to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
events. The study is conducted at two spectral resolutions, T42 and T106.
The skill of rainfall simulations in Indonesia depends on the region, month and season, and the distribution of land and sea.
Higher simulation skills are confined to years with ENSO events. With the exception of the northwest region of Indonesia,
the rainfall from June (Molucca) and July (south Indonesia) to November is influenced by ENSO, and is more sensitive to El
Ni?o than La Ni?a events. Observations show that the Moluccan region is more sensitive to ENSO, receives a longer ENSO impact
and receives the earliest ENSO impact in June, which continues through to December. It is found that the reanalyses and the
climate model simulate seasonal variability better than monthly variability. The seasonal skill is highest in June/July/August,
followed by September/October/November, December/January/February and March/April/May. The correlations usually break down
in April (for monthly analysis) or in the boreal spring (for seasonal analysis). This period seems to act as a persistent
barrier to Indonesian rainfall predictability and skill. In general, the performance of ECHAM4 is poor, but in ENSO sensitive
regions and during ENSO events, it is comparable to the reanalyses. 相似文献
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Modelling Indonesian rainfall with a coupled regional model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Edvin Aldrian Dmitry Sein Daniela Jacob Lydia Dümenil Gates Ralf Podzun 《Climate Dynamics》2005,25(1):1-17
Long-term high-resolution coupled climate model simulations using the Max Planck Institute Regional Climate Model and the
Max Planck Institute Ocean Model have been performed with boundary forcings from two reanalyses: firstly from the European
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and secondly from the joint reanalysis of the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. This study employs a special coupling setup using a regional
atmospheric model and a global ocean model. The latter model applies a special conformal grid from a bipolar orthogonal spherical
coordinate system, which allows irregular positions of the poles and focuses on the detail over the Maritime Continent. The
coupled model was able to simulate stable and realistic rainfall variabilities without flux correction and at two different
ocean resolutions. The coupled system is integrated for a period between 1979 and 1993 and the results are then compared to
those from uncoupled runs and from observation. The results show improved performance after coupling: a remarkable reduction
of overestimated rainfall over the sea for the atmospheric model and of warm SST biases for the ocean model. There is no significant
change in rainfall variability at higher ocean model resolution, but the ocean circulation shows less transport variability
within the Makassar Strait in comparison to observations.
This paper has not been published or considered by any other journal in any language. 相似文献
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Ulrych Jaromír Cajz Vladimír Pivec Edvin Novák Jiří Karel Nekovařík Čestmír Balogh Kadosa 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2000,44(2):346-351
Three independent volcanic suites have been recognised in W Bohemia: (i) the old unimodal alkaline ol. nephelinite-tephrite (29-19 Ma) in the Ohe Rift, (ii) two contemporaneous weakly (trachybasalt/trachyandesite-trachyte/rhyolite; 13-11 Ma) and strongly (ol. nephelinite-tephrite/basanite; 12-8 Ma) alkaline series in the flank of the Cheb-Domalice Graben formed by the Teplá Highland and (iii) the young unimodal ol. melilitite/ol. nephelinite alkaline suite (2.0-0.12 Ma) at the intersection of the above mentioned structures in the Cheb Basin. The magmas of all the suites are mantle-derived and, in the case of the Cheb-Domalice Graben series, associated with the AFC process. Two main fault systems: (i) ENE-WSW and (ii) NNW-SSE are developed in W Bohemia, corresponding to the directions of the two prominent taphrogenic structures. The southwesterly continuation of the Ohe Rift across the Mariánské Lázn Fault is marked by volcanics only. 相似文献
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