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1.
Freshwater flux (FWF) directly affects sea surface salinity (SSS) and hence modulates sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific. This paper quantifies a positive correlation between FWF and SST using observations and simulations of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to analyze the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific. Comparisons among the displacements of FWF, SSS and SST interannual variabilities illustrate that a large FWF variability is located in the west-central equatorial Pacific, covarying with a large SSS variability, whereas a large SST variability is located in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Most CMIP5 models can reproduce the fact that FWF leads to positive feedback to SST through an SSS anomaly as observed. However, the difference in each model's performance results from different simulation capabilities of the CMIP5 models in the magnitudes and positions of the interannual variabilities, including the mixed layer depth and the buoyancy flux in the equatorial Pacific. SSS anomalies simulated from the CMIP5 multi-model are sensitive to FWF interannual anomalies, which can lead to differences in feedback to interannual SST variabilities. The relationships among the FWF, SSS and SST interannual variabilities can be derived using linear quantitative measures from observations and the CMIP5 multi-model simulations. A 1 mm d-1 FWF anomaly corresponds to an SSS anomaly of nearly 0.12 psu in the western tropical Pacific and a 0.11°C SST anomaly in the eastern tropical Pacific. 相似文献
2.
对NCAR CSIM5 海冰模式中海冰侧边界融化参数化方案进行了详细阐述,并利用CSIM5模式模拟了侧边界融化对北极海冰厚度和海冰面积变化的影响,试验结果表明：（1）侧边界融化热力过程会增大海冰厚度和海冰面积的消融,海冰厚度消融最明显的区域分布在西伯利亚海和格陵兰海,海冰面积消融最明显区域分布海冰边缘地区;（2）侧边界融化过程对夏季海冰厚度影响比冬季更为明显,而对冬季海冰面积的影响要比夏季更为明显;（3）侧边界融化方案能更好地模拟出海冰面积的季节性变化;（4）海水表面温度（SST）是影响海冰侧边界融化过程的重要因子,侧边界融化率的大值区分布在SST零度线附近的狭窄区域。 相似文献
3.
西北地区东部夏季温度特征及与热带SSTA的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文利用１９５１－１９９７年我国西北地区东部１５个测站的地面气温资料和１９５０－１９９６年热带太平洋地区月平均海温资料,分析了西北地区东部夏季（６－８月）气温的空间分布特征和时间变化规律,以及热带太平洋各区域海温异常与西北地区东部气温变化之间的联系。分析结果表明：用ＥＯＦ分解得到的前三个主要特征向量（占总方差的８０％以上）基本反映了西北地区东部的气温变化特征,用这三个特征向量重建的气温距平均,存在 相似文献
4.
The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Tongwen Wu Rucong Yu Fang Zhang Zaizhi Wang Min Dong Lanning Wang Xia Jin Deliang Chen Laurent Li 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(1):149-150
The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model version 2.0.1 (BCC_AGCM2.0.1) is described and its performance
in simulating the present-day climate is assessed. BCC_AGCM2.0.1 originates from the community atmospheric model version 3
(CAM3) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The dynamics in BCC_AGCM2.0.1 is, however, substantially
different from the Eulerian spectral formulation of the dynamical equations in CAM3, and several new physical parameterizations
have replaced the corresponding original ones. The major modification of the model physics in BCC_AGCM2.0.1 includes a new
convection scheme, a dry adiabatic adjustment scheme in which potential temperature is conserved, a modified scheme to calculate
the sensible heat and moisture fluxes over the open ocean which takes into account the effect of ocean waves on the latent
and sensible heat fluxes, and an empirical equation to compute the snow cover fraction. Specially, the new convection scheme
in BCC_AGCM2.0.1, which is generated from the Zhang and McFarlane’s scheme but modified, is tested to have significant improvement
in tropical maximum but also the subtropical minimum precipitation, and the modified scheme for turbulent fluxes are validated
using EPIC2001 in situ observations and show a large improvement than its original scheme in CAM3. BCC_AGCM2.0.1 is forced
by observed monthly varying sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations during 1949–2000. The model climatology is
compiled for the period 1971–2000 and compared with the ERA-40 reanalysis products. The model performance is evaluated in
terms of energy budgets, precipitation, sea level pressure, air temperature, geopotential height, and atmospheric circulation,
as well as their seasonal variations. Results show that BCC_AGCM2.0.1 reproduces fairly well the present-day climate. The
combined effect of the new dynamical core and the updated physical parameterizations in BCC_AGCM2.0.1 leads to an overall
improvement, compared to the original CAM3. 相似文献
5.
大气能量学是大气科学重要的组成部分，了解大气能量的时空分布和变化特征，能够为大气科学研究，尤其是气候变化研究提供新的思路和手段。本文基于1948～2016年NCEP逐月再分析资料，从大气的总能量及其内能、位能、潜热和动能的分布、变化趋势和主模态变化等方面阐释了全球大气能量变化的整体特征。主要结论如下:（1）除高海拔地区外，总能量呈现从赤道向两极逐渐递减的分布，且全球大部分地区呈增加趋势，内能和位能的分布和变化与总能量较为接近；潜热能的极大值区和显著变化区均位于赤道及低纬地区；动能的极大值区分布在中纬度长波槽和西风急流出口区，其在南半球双西风急流区的变化最为显著。（2）总能量呈现出不连续的阶段性跳跃式增长特征；北半球的总能量多于南半球，而增速却慢于南半球，即两半球间的能量呈趋同趋势；海洋上空的总能量多于陆地，且海陆间差额有增大趋势；火山爆发事件可能对大气能量在年际尺度上的减少有重要作用。（3）大气各能量第一模态的空间特征与其各自变化趋势分布非常相似，并先后在1975年左右发生了年代际突变。就第二模态而言，大气的总能量、内能和位能从整体上反映出南北极与其它地区呈反向变化的特征；部分低纬度地区的潜热能与其它地区呈反向变化；动能主要呈现从热带太平洋向南北两极的经向波列分布；它们的时间系数均有一定的多年代际变化特征，可能与气候系统的内部变率有关。 相似文献
6.
中国业务动力季节预报的进展 总被引：26，自引：9，他引：26
利用动力模式开展季节到年际的短期气候预测 ,是目前国际上气候预测的发展方向。自 1996年以来 ,经过 8a多的研制和发展 ,国家气候中心已建立起第 1代动力气候模式预测业务系统 ,其中包括 1个全球大气 海洋耦合模式 (CGCM )、1个高分辨率东亚区域气候模式 (RegCM_NCC)和 5个简化的ENSO预测模式 (SAOMS) ,可用于季节—年际时间尺度的全球气候预测 ;全球海气耦合模式与区域气候模式嵌套 ,可以提供高分辨率的东亚区域气候模式制做季节预测。CGCM对 1982～ 2 0 0 0年夏季的历史回报试验表明 ,该模式对热带太平洋海表面温度和东亚区域的季节预测具有较好的预测能力。RegCM NCC的 5a模拟基本上能再现东亚地区主要雨带的季节进展。利用嵌套的区域气候模式RegCM NCC对 1991～ 2 0 0 0年的夏季回报表明 ,在预报主要季节雨带方面有一定技巧。 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年 ,CGCM和RegCM NCC的实时季节预报与观测相比基本合理。特别是 ,模式成功地预报了 2 0 0 3年梅雨季节长江和黄河之间比常年偏多的降水。SAOMS模式系统的回报试验表明 ,该系统对热带太平洋海表面温度距平有一定的预报能力 ,模式超前 6～ 12个月的回报与观测的相关系数明显高于持续预报。 1997～ 2 0 0 3年 ,SAOMS多模式集合实时预报与观测的相关系数达到 相似文献
7.
魏敏罗勇王兰宁董敏李清泉徐影 《应用气象学报》2005,16(3):408-412
气候模式不断发展的同时，对高性能计算机提出了更高的要求，如何提高模式在现有计算机资源上的运行效率问题已越来越重要。文章介绍了利用编译器优化和手工优化技术对海气耦合模式进行优化试验，优化后模式运行效率提高60%，表明将这些优化方法应用到气候模式的改进工作中，可以达到较好的效果。 相似文献
8.
该文介绍了陕西地方暴雨增数值预业务系统，并对１９９５年６－８月进行的降水准业务预报试验结果作了分析及Ｔｓ评分检验。结果表明：模式系统运行４８ｈ以上性能稳定，对陕西区域暴雨的预报效果较好，对日常业务预报有参考价值。 相似文献
9.
10.
A comparison of East Asian summer monsoon simulations from CAM3.1 with three dynamic cores 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ting Wei Lanning Wang Wenjie Dong Min Dong Jingyong Zhang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,106(3-4):295-306
This paper examines the sensitivity of CAM3.1 simulations of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to the choice of dynamic cores using three long-term simulations, one with each of the following cores: the Eulerian spectral transform method (EUL), semi-Lagrangian scheme (SLD) and finite volume approach (FV). Our results indicate that the dynamic cores significantly influence the simulated fields not only through dynamics, such as wind, but also through physical processes, such as precipitation. Generally speaking, SLD is superior to EUL and FV in simulating the climatological features of EASM and its interannual variability. The SLD version of the CAM model partially reduces its known deficiency in simulating the climatological features of East Asian summer precipitation. The strength and position of simulated western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and its ridge line compare more favourably with observations in SLD and FV than in EUL. They contribute to the intensification of the south-easterly along the south of WPSH and the vertical motion through the troposphere around 30° N, where the subtropical rain belt exists. Additionally, SLD simulates the scope of the westerly jet core over East Asia more realistically than the other two dynamic cores do. Considerable systematic errors of the seasonal migration of monsoon rain belt and water vapour flux exist in all of the three versions of CAM3.1 model, although it captures the broad northward shift of convection, and the simulated results share similarities. The interannual variation of EASM is found to be more accurate in SLD simulation, which reasonably reproduces the leading combined patterns of precipitation and 850-hPa winds in East Asia, as well as the 2.5- and 10-year periods of Li?CZeng EASM index. These results emphasise the importance of dynamic cores for the EASM simulation as distinct from the simulation??s sensitivity to the physical parameterisations. 相似文献