While recent observational studies have shown the critical role of atmospheric transient eddy (TE) activities in midlatitude unstable air-sea interaction, there is still a lack of a theoretical framework characterizing such an interaction. In this study, an analytical coupled air-sea model with inclusion of the TE dynamical forcing is developed to investigate the role of such a forcing in midlatitude unstable air-sea interaction. In this model, the atmosphere is governed by a barotropic quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation forced by surface diabatic heating and TE vorticity forcing. The ocean is governed by a baroclinic Rossby wave equation driven by wind stress. Sea surface temperature (SST) is determined by mixing layer physics. Based on detailed observational analyses, a parameterized linear relationship between TE vorticity forcing and meridional second-order derivative of SST is proposed to close the equations. Analytical solutions of the coupled model show that the midlatitude air-sea interaction with atmospheric TE dynamical forcing can destabilize the oceanic Rossby wave within a wide range of wavelengths. For the most unstable growing mode, characteristic atmospheric streamfunction anomalies are nearly in phase with their oceanic counterparts and both have a northeastward phase shift relative to SST anomalies, as the observed. Although both surface diabatic heating and TE vorticity forcing can lead to unstable air-sea interaction, the latter has a dominant contribution to the unstable growth. Sensitivity analyses further show that the growth rate of the unstable coupled mode is also influenced by the background zonal wind and the air–sea coupling strength. Such an unstable air-sea interaction provides a key positive feedback mechanism for midlatitude coupled climate variabilities.
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通过岩心观察和单井相分析,结合沉积背景资料,认为留西地区古近系沙河街组沙三上亚段发育辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相,以辫状河三角洲前缘亚相和滨浅湖亚相为主,主要发育辫状分流河道、越岸沉积、水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等微相。根据层序地层学基本原理,结合前人研究成果,认为本区沙三上亚段为一完整的三级层序,可划分为低位、湖侵和高位3个体系域,分别对应于沙三上亚段沉积时期的早期、中期和晚期,绘制了每个沉积阶段的沉积相图,在此基础上研究了沉积体系的平面展布特征。沙三上亚段沉积时期形成的北高南低的构造背景与辫状河三角洲近东西向展布的砂体形态相互配置,加之良好的油源供给,为后期成藏创造了条件。沙三上亚段沉积早期发育的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道与河口坝砂体是主要的储集体,与沉积中期发育的烃源岩形成了十分有利的生储盖组合,具有优越的隐蔽油藏发育条件。总结了该区隐蔽油藏成藏的4种模式,确定留西地区中南部沙三上亚段沉积早期发育的辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是下一步隐蔽油藏勘探的有利目标。 相似文献
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You Lilan Liu Dajie Huang Jia'na Liu Xue Zhou KechangInstitute of Crustat Dynamics SSB Beijing China Wuhan Technical University of Surveying Mapping Wuhan China National Center for Seismic Data Inforraanon SSB Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1994,(3)
This paper makes a probe into the application of the Kalman filtering method to the data processing of across-fault measurements.On the basis of statistical regression,the mathematic and stochastic models of filtration are established by combining the regression method with Kalman filtering.In the filtering computation,not only the randomness of fault movements but also the time-dependent variation of environmental effects have been taken into consideration.By use of the adaptive filtering method,an estimation of the dynamic noise variance matrix is obtained through iteration.Models for one measuring line(leveling line or baseline),two measuring lines(both leveling lines or both baselines)and four measuring lines(two leveling lines and two baselines)are derived and established systematically.By means of these models,the data of across-fault measurements can be processed dynamically in real-time to provide the filtered values of height difference between benchmarks or baseline length at different time in 相似文献
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The run‐off volume altered by the construction of hydropower plants affects ecohydrological processes in catchments. Although the impacts of large hydropower plants have been well documented in the literature, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of small cascaded hydropower plants (SCHPs). To evaluate the impacts of SCHPs on river flow, we chose a representative basin affected by hydropower projects and, to a lesser degree, by other human activities, that is, the Qiuxiang River basin in Southern China. The observed river discharge and climate data during the period of 1958–2016 were investigated. The datasets were divided into a low‐impact period and a high‐impact period based on the number of SCHPs and the capacities of the reservoirs. The daily river discharge alteration was assessed by applying the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. To separate the impact of the SCHPs on the local river discharge from that of climate‐related precipitation, the back‐propagation neural network was used to simulate the monthly average river discharge process. An abnormal result was found: Unlike large reservoirs in large watersheds, the SCHPs regulated the flows during the flood season but were not able to mitigate the droughts during the dry season due to their limited storage and the commonly occurring inappropriate interregulations of the SCHPs. The SCHPs also reduced the annual average river discharge in the research basin. The contribution of the SCHPs to the river discharge changes was 85.37%, much higher than the contributions of climate change (13.43%) and other human activities (1.20%). The results demonstrated that the impacts of the SCHPs were different from those of large dams and reservoirs that regulate floods and relieve droughts. It is necessary to raise the awareness of the impacts of these river barriers. 相似文献
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运用博弈论耦合主观和客观权重,构建基于模糊综合评价法的流域洪灾风险评价模型,并以北江流域为例,评价了研究区1990、2000和2010年的洪水灾害风险,揭示了洪灾风险年代际的时空演变特征。结果表明：1）运用博弈论组合主客观权重可以避免单一权重的片面性,得到更合理的、符合实际情况的综合权重;2）北江流域3期洪灾风险总体分布相似,大多数区域表现为低风险区,高、中、低风险区占全流域面积比分别约为60%、15%和20%,高风险区主要位于清远―怀集一带,以及佛冈、翁源等地,这些地区具有地势低洼、人口分布密集、经济较发达、暴雨集中等特征;3）高风险区仍表现出逐渐扩大的趋势,在2000―2010年高风险区扩大较为显著,风险上升主要由土地利用类型、人口密度和区域经济发展等的变化所导致。 相似文献
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为在径流模拟中充分考虑水库的综合调蓄作用,改善了SWAT（The Soil and Water Assessment Tool）模型的水库算法,在水库模块中增加基于水库供水发电调度规则的水库出流模拟算法,以提高径流模拟精度。选择东江流域作为典型流域,分别应用改进前后的SWAT模型进行径流模拟,并分析模型改进的效果,结果表明：修改后的SWAT模型解决了水库模拟出流量在非汛期过低、汛期过大的问题,能更有效地模拟枯季径流和洪峰流量,明显提高了月径流及日径流的模拟精度,其中,月径流模拟中率定期内R2提高了0.06~0.22,NS提高了0.06~0.52,验证期内R2提高了0.1~0.19,NS提高了0.12~1.22;日径流模拟中率定期内R2提高了0.04~0.16,NS提高了0.04~0.46,验证期内R2提高了0.11~0.15,NS提高了0.15~1.21。 相似文献
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致密储层成因及有利储层分布预测是制约当前徐家围子断陷沙河子组致密气勘探的关键因素。本次研究综合运用沙河子组普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针、X衍射及物性测试等多种资料，系统分析徐家围子断陷沙河子组致密砂砾岩成岩作用特征。结果表明：研究区沙河子组可划分为强压实泥质杂基充填成岩相、中压实长石岩屑溶蚀成岩相、中压实石英次生加大成岩相、中压实绿泥石环边胶结成岩相和弱压实碳酸盐胶结成岩相等5种成岩相；由沉积作用形成的碎屑矿物组分、结构差异是各成岩相成岩演化的物质基础，决定了其初始孔隙度的差异；强压实和黏土杂基充填是造成砂砾岩储层物性损失的主要原因，长石岩屑溶蚀和绿泥石环边胶结有利于物性保持和改善。不同成岩相中成岩作用类型和强度各不相同导致不同成岩相间宏观物性和微观孔隙结构差异，其中中压实长石岩屑溶蚀成岩相和中压实绿泥石环边胶结成岩相是沙河子组储层最有利的成岩相带。 相似文献
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城市河流治理是改善城市生态环境的重要一环,为了建设健康的城市水环境,有必要对改善河流水环境质量的可行技术方案进行研究。以合肥市十五里河为例,基于MIKE11软件平台构建河流一维水动力水质耦合模型,根据流域污染特征设定三种水质改善方案进行数值模拟分析,评价分析各情景方案的水质改善效果。结果表明:单纯依靠截污不能使国控断面水质达标,同时还会引起断流;考虑截污及污水处理厂尾水提标排放可使国控断面水质显著改善,但由于降雨径流非点源污染影响,部分时段水质不能达标;采取中水回用、就近引巢湖原水补水、截污及初期雨水截留组合措施,不需外调水补水,国控断面水质即可满足规划目标。 相似文献
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