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Seasonal variation of global surface pressure and water vapor 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TSING-CHANG CHEN JAU-MING CHEN SIEGFRIED SCHUBERT LAWRENCE L. TAKACS 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1997,49(5):613-621
Previous studies have shown that the seasonal variation of global-mean surface pressure ( p s ) results from variation of global-mean water vapor pressure ( p w ). The current study, employing the global data generated by Version 1 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-1) Data Assimilation System, shows that seasonal variations of regional p s and p w tend to be out of phase (particularly in the subtropics of the two hemispheres) and that the magnitude of the former variation is generally much larger than that of the latter. The seasonal variations of these two quantities are maintained by airmass and water vapor transports by the global divergent circulation, which is driven by the latent heat released by cumulus convection over the water vapor sink, as the "water mass forcing" mechanism predicted. Since p w and p s are used often in depicting the climate system, assessments of climate change in terms of the global-mean and regional variations of these two variables should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
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Potential seasonal calibration for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction using skeletal microstructures and strontium measurements from the cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa 
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Two reanalysis datasets, one generated by the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres for 1982–1993 and the other generated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction for 1982–1995, are used to examine the relationship between the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the interannual variation of atmospheric mass. Both reanalyses show that atmospheric mass increases (decreases) during the positive (negative) SO phase. Atmospheric mass consists of dry air and moisture. Since dry mass is conserved, the interannual variation of atmospheric mass results from the variation of water vapor pressure. Thus, global atmospheric hydrological processes are analyzed to illustrate how the SO affects the interannual variation of atmospheric mass. During the positive (negative) SO phase, water vapor is converged (diverged) toward (out of) the central-eastern tropical Pacific [where sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are higher (lower) than normal] to maintain (suppress) cumulus convection in that area. An anomalous east-west Walker circulation straddling the Dateline is driven by the anomalous cumulus convection in this region to create positive (negative) surface pressure anomalies over the western tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean, which result in an increase (decrease) in atmospheric mass. 相似文献
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Reduction of biosphere life span as a consequence of geodynamics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. FRANCK A. BLOCK W. VON BLOH C. BOUNAMA H. J. SCHELLNHUBER Y. SVIREZHEV 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(1):94-107
The long‐term co‐evolution of the geosphere–biospere complex from the Proterozoic up to 1.5 billion years into the planet's future is investigated using a conceptual earth system model including the basic geodynamic processes. The model focusses on the global carbon cycle as mediated by life and driven by increasing solar luminosity and plate tectonics. The main CO2 sink, the weathering of silicates, is calculated as a function of biologic activity, global run‐off and continental growth. The main CO2 source, tectonic processes dominated by sea‐floor spreading, is determined using a novel semi‐empirical scheme. Thus, a geodynamic extension of previous geostatic approaches can be achieved. As a major result of extensive numerical investigations, the "terrestrial life corridor", i.e., the biogeophysical domain supporting a photosynthesis‐based ecosphere in the planetary past and in the future, can be identified. Our findings imply, in particular, that the remaining life‐span of the biosphere is considerably shorter (by a few hundred million years) than the value computed with geostatic models by other groups. The "habitable‐zone concept" is also revisited, revealing the band of orbital distances from the sun warranting earth‐like conditions. It turns out that this habitable zone collapses completely in some 1.4 billion years from now as a consequence of geodynamics. 相似文献
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