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Here, we describe a technique that allows the genetic linage analysis of 16S rRNA genes in bacteria observed under a microscope. The technique includes the isolation of microbial cells using a laser microdissection microscope, lysis of the cells, and amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the isolated cells without interference by bacterial DNA contamination from the experimental environment or reagents. Using this technique, we successfully determined 15 16S rRNA gene sequences in cells isolated from an Antarctic iceberg. These sequences showed 94%–100% identity to their closest strains, which included bacteria that occur in aqueous, marine, and soil environments. 相似文献
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Mohammad Basyuni Hirosuke Oku Shigeyuki Baba Kensaku Takara Hironori Iwasaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):601-608
Isoprenoids in the nonsaponifiable lipids (NSL) fraction of Okinawan mangroves were analyzed with special reference to their
importance as lipid input into estuarine ecosystems. Triterpenoids and phytosterols comprised the major proportion of NSL.
Identifications of the triterpenoids and phytosterols in NSL fraction were based on the interpretation of 13C-NMR and GC-MS spectra. The triterpenoids and phytosterols mainly comprised 11 and 6 compounds, respectively. The major components
were lupeol, β-amyrin and taraxerol for triterpenoids, and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol for phytosterols. The diversity in
the terpenoid composition was noted in both leaves and roots of mangrove species, implying the chemotaxonomic utility of terpenoids.
Terpenoid compositions of the root are not always similar to that of leaf, suggesting that terpenoids in the root are produced
by biosynthesis in situ, not by translocation of the synthate from the leaf. Terpenoids existed in greater proportion in the
outer parts of the root. These data are likely to contribute to estimating the lipid input from mangrove trees adjacent to
estuarine sediments and the ocean. 相似文献
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This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal trends in snow depth (SD) and snow cover extent (SCE) for Arctic lands, excluding Greenland, for the period 1948–2006. The investigation not only delineates how the Arctic regions are manifesting significant annual trends in both SD and SCE, but also provides a comprehensive understanding of their historical context. To achieve these objectives, the combined resources of the hydrological and biogeochemical model (CHANGE), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weekly SCE data, and in situ observations of SD were used. Most regions in the Arctic exhibited a significant negative trend in SD over the 59 years of study. The magnitude of the negative trend was stronger in North America than in Eurasia, where the decrease became more significant, starting from the late 1980s, coinciding well with the temperature rise during that time. During the same period, the warming temperature caused a prominent decrease in deeper SDs (i.e., >35 cm), so that the corresponding SCEs exhibited negative anomalies, with the greatest declines being observed at SDs > 55 cm. In contrast, the SCEs for SD ≤ 35 cm showed increased anomalies during the most recent two decades. The increased anomalies signify a sequential result induced by the decrease in the SCEs with deeper SDs, rather than the expansion of snow to snow-free regions. These changes resulted in a northward shift of the shallow SD line, which took place to a highly significant degree in North America. These results suggest that the Arctic SCE and SD will undergo more intense changes in response to the future climate warming. 相似文献
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在沙尘源区,大气气溶胶粒子主要是地面沙尘来源,沙尘暴发生时气溶胶粒子的浓度大增,浓度峰值向粗粒径范围移动;在沙尘沉降区日本,当浮尘期时气溶胶粒子有地面沙尘和工业排放物两个来源,形成双峰型分布,当非浮尘期时气溶胶粒子主要以工业排放来源为主,在＜2.1 um细粒径范围形成一个峰值.水溶性成分也不相同,沙尘源区粒子以Ca2+、SO42-、Na+、Cl-等沙尘来源离子为主,在3.3～4.7 um形成浓度峰值;沙尘沉降区以NH4+、SO42-、NO3-等工业来源离子为主,在0.65～1.01 um形成峰值.在日本即使是当浮尘时期,大气中的气溶胶粒子浓度也远远比不上沙尘源区沙尘暴发生时的大气气溶胶浓度.这说明能够到达日本沉降区的气溶胶粒子只是沙尘源区大气气溶胶中的很少一部分. 相似文献
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Masako Shima Sadao Murayama Fumitaka Wakabayashi Akihiko Okada Hideo Yabuki 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1986,21(1):59-78
In the summer of 1984, two meteorites fell in the northern part of Honshu, Japan; Aomori, at 1:50 p.m. on June 30, and Tomiya, at 1:35 p.m. on August 22. Coordinates of the falls of the Aomori and the Tomiya are at 140°47.1'E., 40°48.6'N., and 140°51.9'E., 38°22.0'N., respectively. Results of chemical analyses of major elements, ratios of Fetotal/SiO2 (0.546 and 0.803) and Femetal/Fetotal (0.332 and 0.581), and molar compositions of olivines (Fa25 and Fa19) indicate that the Aomori and the Tomiya are typical L- and H-group ordinary chondrites, respectively. In the Aomori, chondrules are present as relicts in the well-recrystallized matrix. Olivine and pyroxene are homogeneous in composition, and coarse clear feldspar, up to 100 micrometers in size, is well developed in the chondrules and matrix. Though the Aomori is a petrologic type 6 based on its texture and mineralogy, it includes a few grains of multiple twinned clinobronzite which is rarely observed in highly equilibrated ordinary chondrites. In the Tomiya, chondrules possess a fine-grained mesostasis, and both orthopyroxene and clinobronzite are noticeable in thin sections. Plagioclase is mostly microcrystalline, but is also sparsely present as tiny, visible grains. Thus, the Tomiya was classified to be petrologic type between 4 and 5. The deformation texture of olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase indicates that both meteorites were shocked by 0.2-0.25 Mb. In conjunction with the discussion of the frequency of meteorite-falls, all observed falls of meteorites in Japan are tabulated in this paper. 相似文献
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Takamitsu Yamanaka Yutaka Komatsu Hironori Nomori 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(5):307-318
Many of ilmenites ABO3 compounds bearing transition elements have semiconductive, ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties. The high-pressure
diffraction studies of FeTiO3 have been conducted up to 8.2 GPa using synchrotron radiation in KEK at Tsukuba with diamond anvil cell. The compression
mechanism of FeTiO3 ilmenite has been investigated by the structure refinements converged to the reliable factors R = 0.05. The deformations of the FeO6 and TiO6 octahedra were reduced with increasing pressure. In order to elucidate the electric conductivity change with pressure, electron
density distribution of ilmenite have been executed by maximum entropy method (MEM) using single-crystal diffraction intensity
data. MEM based on F
obs(hkl) of FeTiO3 clearly shows electron density in comparison with the difference Fourier synthesis based on F
obs(hkl) − F
calc(hkl). The radial distribution of the electron density indicates electron localization around the cation positions. The bonding
electron density found in bond Fe–O and Ti–O is lowered with pressure. The isotropic temperature factors B
iso become smaller with increasing pressure. Nevertheless the thermal vibration is considerably restrained by the compression,
the electric conductivity is enhanced with pressure. Neither charge transfer nor electron hopping between Fe and Ti along
the c axis in FeTiO3 is plausible under high pressure. But the electric conductivity due to electron super-exchange in Fe–Fe and Ti–Ti has been
clarified by the MEM electron density distribution. The anisotropy in the electric conductivity has been clarified. 相似文献
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Hironori Iwai Yasuhiro Murayama Shoken Ishii Kohei Mizutani Yuichi Ohno Taichiro Hashiguchi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2011,141(1):117-142
To study the wind field within the atmospheric boundary layer over the Tokyo metropolitan area, Doppler lidar observations
were made 45 km north of Sagami Bay and 30 km west of Tokyo Bay, from 14 May to 15 June 2008. Doppler lidar on 27 May 2008
observed the vertical and horizontal wind structure of a well-developed sea-breeze front (SBF) penetrating from Sagami Bay.
At the SBF, a strong updraft (maximum w approximately equal to 5 m s−1) was formed with a horizontal scale of about 500 m and vertical scale of 2 km. The spatial relationship between the strong
updraft over the nose of the SBF and prefrontal thermal suggests that the strong updraft was triggered by interaction between
the SBF and the thermal. After the updraft commenced, a collocated ceilometer observed an intense aerosol backscatter up to
2 km above ground level. The observational results suggest that the near-surface denser aerosols trapped in the head region
of the SBF escaped from the nose of the SBF and were then vertically transported up to the mixing height by the strong updraft
at the SBF. This implies that these phenomena occurred not continuously but intermittently. The interaction situations between
the SBF and prefrontal thermal can affect the wind structure at the SBF and the regional air quality. 相似文献
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An Application of Hydraulic Tomography to a Large‐Scale Fractured Granite Site,Mizunami, Japan 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yuanyuan Zha Tian‐Chyi J. Yeh Walter A. Illman Tatsuya Tanaka Patrick Bruines Hironori Onoe Hiromitsu Saegusa Deqiang Mao Shinji Takeuchi Jet‐Chau Wen 《Ground water》2016,54(6):793-804
While hydraulic tomography (HT) is a mature aquifer characterization technology, its applications to characterize hydrogeology of kilometer‐scale fault and fracture zones are rare. This paper sequentially analyzes datasets from two new pumping tests as well as those from two previous pumping tests analyzed by Illman et al. (2009) at a fractured granite site in Mizunami, Japan. Results of this analysis show that datasets from two previous pumping tests at one side of a fault zone as used in the previous study led to inaccurate mapping of fracture and fault zones. Inclusion of the datasets from the two new pumping tests (one of which was conducted on the other side of the fault) yields locations of the fault zone consistent with those based on geological mapping. The new datasets also produce a detailed image of the irregular fault zone, which is not available from geological investigation alone and the previous study. As a result, we conclude that if prior knowledge about geological structures at a field site is considered during the design of HT surveys, valuable non‐redundant datasets about the fracture and fault zones can be collected. Only with these non‐redundant data sets, can HT then be a viable and robust tool for delineating fracture and fault distributions over kilometer scales, even when only a limited number of boreholes are available. In essence, this paper proves that HT is a new tool for geologists, geophysicists, and engineers for mapping large‐scale fracture and fault zone distributions. 相似文献