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1.
The theoretical implications of an isolation mechanism that utilizes progressively increasing frictional resistance is investigated. This type of frictional resistance can be provided by the tightening together of a set of friction plates by compressive forces that increase with relative separations of the building and the foundation. The mathematical model of the device is developed and its numerical solutions are obtained. It is shown that in comparison with dry friction alone significant reductions in acceleration transmissibility and relative displacement transmissibility can be obtained. 相似文献
2.
The sliding behaviour of a rigid mass supported on a randomly vibrating foundation through a non-symmetric Coulomb-friction contact is studied both analytically and by numerical simulation. The analysis is based on a stationary solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation, and makes use of equivalent linearization and of a suitable decomposition of the non-zero mean non-stationary sliding process. It is shown that the analytical results yield several exact asymptotic expansions for both small and large values of time. An extensive Monte Carlo type numerical simulation study produces non-stationary response statistics which are in very good accord with the analytical results. Furthermore, it is found that Gumbel's Extreme Value Distribution reproduces with remarkable accuracy the observed cumulative frequency of maximum slip displacement. The results of this paper may find application in seismic design of embankment dams, earth retaining walls and base ‘isolation’ systems. 相似文献
3.
A series of numerical experiments on the performance of different base isolation systems for a non-uniform shear beam structure is carried out. Several base isolation systems are considered and the peak relative displacements and the maximum absolute accelerations of the base-isolated structure and its base raft under a variety of conditions are evaluated. Several sensitivity analyses for variations in properties of the base isolator and the structure are carried out. A number of different earthquake excitations are also used in the study. The results show that performances of the base isolation systems are not sensitive to small variations in their natural period, damping or friction coefficient. The presence of a frictional element in the isolators reduces their sensitivity to severe variations in frequency content and amplitude of the ground acceleration. In particular, the resilient-friction base isolators with or without sliding upper plate perform reasonably well under a variety of loading conditions. The rubber bearing type, however, leads to the lowest peak transmitted accelerations for moderate intensity earthquakes. 相似文献
4.
A comparative study of performances of different base isolators for shear beam type structures is carried out. Several leading base isolation systems, including the laminated rubber bearing with and without lead plug, the resilient-friction base isolator with and without sliding upper plate, and the EDF system are considered. Displacement and acceleration response spectra for a shear beam structure subject to the accelerograms of the N00W component of El Centro 1940 and the N90W component of Mexico City 1985 earthquakes and their magnified forms are evaluated. A series of parametric studies is carried out and advantages and disadvantages of various base isolation systems are identified. Comparisons of the results with the response spectra of a fixed-base structure show that the base isolation systems are, in general, highly effective in reducing the peak acceleration transmitted to the superstructure. Thus, the deflections and stresses generated in a base-isolated structure are significantly lower than those of a fixed-base one. Furthermore, the results of the study also show that the friction-type base isolators are less sensitive to severe variations in frequency content and amplitude of the ground acceleration. 相似文献
5.
The stationary response of base-isolated buildings subjected to earthquake excitation is studied. The frequency content of earthquake input is described by the Clough-Penzien spectral model. The response parameters of interest are (1) the root-mean-square (RMS) displacement σx of the basement relative to the foundation (i.e. shear deformation of the isolation system) and (2) the ratio (σa/σa0) of the RMS value of the absolute acceleration at the roof of the isolated structure over the corresponding value when the isolation system is locked. The variation of these response parameters with the effective frequency f0 of the base-isolated structure is investigated. As input, earthquakes with moment magnitudes M = 7-3 and M = 6-0 are considered. The acceleration spectra corresponding to these two earthquake sizes have pronouncedly different frequency content over the frequency range 0–1-1–0 Hz which is of primary importance for base-isolated structures. An important conclusion that comes from these analyses is that confidence in the effectiveness of a base-isolated system should be based primarily on its capacity to absorb/dissipate energy and less on its influence in shifting the fundamental period of the structure out of the range of dominant earthquake energy. 相似文献
6.
The effect of the vertical component of ground motion on the horizontal response of a sliding system is studied. Soil–foundation interaction is included. The results indicate that the effect of vertical motion is significant in the cascs of harmonically excited foundations. 相似文献
7.
A linear multistorey structure with a seismic base isolation system consisting of rubber bearings and frictional elements is considered. The non-linear equations of motion are derived for the first mode vibration and the stochastic response to a white noise ground acceleration is determined. Based on this response, suitable objective functions are defined and the optimum design of the isolation system is performed. It is shown that a small amount offriction increases the effectiveness of the system compared with the same system but without frictional elements. 相似文献
8.
Optimal control of base-isolated and non-base-isolated buildings subjected to earthquake excitation is considered. The control force at any instant is determined on-line through minimizing a quadratic time-dependent performance index based on the total energy imparted to the structure and the control effect. This control algorithm is based upon the use of discrete actuators and sensors that exert the control force and monitor the response of the building. Having constant gain matrices makes this algorithm efficient and easy to implement. The effect of time delay on the efficiency of the algorithm is investigated. Comparisons have been made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
9.
Iradj Malakpur 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1977,47(1):49-59
Résumé Nos études nous ont amené à découvrir que toutes les novae sont entourées par une enveloppe de poussière. Cette enveloppe, qui a un rayon de 5×1014 à 5×1015 cm, existe avant l'explosion de la nova. Nous avons mesuré les valeurs, d'une part, de l'absorption visuelle de l'enveloppe poussièreuse circumstellaire de la Nova Delphini qui est de 1,12, 3,29 et 2,24 magnitudes pour les années 1968, 1969 et 1970, tandis qu'elle est de 3 m environ pour la Nova Serpentis 1970, durant le début de l'activité, et celles, d'autre part, du rapport de l'absorption visuelle à l'excès de couleurE
B-V de la Nova Delphini qui est environ de 2,35 2,75 et 3,36 respectivement pour les années 1968, 1969 et 1970. Nous voyons que l'effet du rougissement de l'enveloppe circumstellaire sur les flux des raies est très important; ainsi le flux observé de la raieH
doit être multiplié par un facteur de l'ordre de 30, pour éliminer l'effet de rougissement circumstellaire.En outre, nous avons trouvé que les particules constituant l'enveloppe circumstellaire ont un rayon de 0,1 micron, avant l'explosion, et que pour pouvoir interpréter les phénomènes observés, il faut considérer les particules de rayon 0,1 micron comme des noyaux de condensation pour former des particules de grandes dimensions. L'augmentation du rayon de ces particules, durant l'activité de la nova, est due à des collisions entre les particules de poussière (qui existent avant l'explosion), et la matière éjectée par la nova elle-même.
Our studies have led us to conclude that all Novae are surrounded by a dusty envelope. This envelope which has a radius of 5×1014 to 5×1015 cm, exists before the explosion of the Nova. We have measured visual absorptions of the circumstellar dusty envelope of Nova Delphini of the order of 1.12, 3.29, and 2.24 magnitudes in 1968, 1969, and 1970, respectively, while that of Nova Serpentis was of the order of 3 magnitudes at the start of its activity. Also we have found the ratio of visual absorption to the colour excessE B-V for Nova Delphini, which was of the order of 2.35, 2.75, and 3.36 for 1968, 1969, and 1970, respectively. Therefore, we see that the effect of the reddening of the circumstellar envelope on the line fluxes is very large; thus the flux ofH needs to be multiplied by a factor of order 30, to eliminate the effect of circumstellar reddening.We also found that the particles of the circumstellar envelope have a radius of 0.1 micron before the explosion and that, in order to interpret the observed phenomena, one must consider the 0.1 micron radius particles as condensation nuclei, for the formation of large particles. The increase in particle radius during the activity of a Nova is due to collisions between dust particles (which exist before the explosion) and gas ejected by the Nova.相似文献
10.
Iradj Malakpur 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1975,38(2):403-406
The good agreement found between the observed flux of radio emission of the Nova Delphini 1967 and that calculated theoretically enables us to deduce the angular diameter of the Nova's envelope. This result, when combined with the known linear diameter of the envelope, gives a distance of the order of 885 pc for Nova Delphini. 相似文献