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1.
Natural riparian forest wetlands are known to be effective in their ability to remove nitrate by denitrification and sediments with attached phosphorus via sedimentation. On the other hand, litter input and decomposition is a process of crucial importance in cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in a forest ecosystem.In this study we investigated the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the alder fen ecosystem through leaf litter and its decomposition and the removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus by measuring denitrification and sedimentation in the alder fen.We found an average input of leaf litter during fall 1998 of 226 g m−2 yr−1 DW with nutrient concentration of 0.17% P and 1.6% N. This means a yearly input of 0.4 g m−2 yr−1 P and 3.6 g m−2 yr−1 N. The decomposition of leaf litter using litter bags with small and large mesh size resulted in bags with macroinvertebrates (large mesh size) and without macroinvertebrates (small mesh size). After 57 days the litter bags with macroinvertebrates had a decomposition rate of 79%.Denitrification was measured in May and June of 1997 using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores and slurry-experiments. The average annual denitrification rate was 0.2 g m−2 yr−1 N using data from the core experiments. The denitrification rate was higher after addition of nitrate, indicating that denitrification in the riparian alder fen is mainly controlled by nitrate supply.The sedimentation rate in the investigated alder fen ranged from 0.47 kg m−2 yr−1 DW to 4.46 kg m−2 yr−1 DW in 1998 depending on the study site and method we used. Sedimentation rates were lower in newly designed plate traps than in cylinder traps. The alder fen also showed lower rates than the adjacent creek Briese. Average phosphorus removal rate was 0.33 g m−2 yr−1 P.Input sources for the surface water of the alder fen are sediment mineralization and decomposition of leaf litter; output sources are sedimentation and denitrification. This study showed that a nutrient input of 24.58 kg ha−1 yr−1 N, 8.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 P and 419 kg ha−1 yr−1 DOC into the surface water of the alder fen is possible. Alder fens cannot improve water quality of an adjacent river system. This is only true for a nearly pristine alder fen with the hydrology of 10 months flooded conditions and 2 months non-flooding conditions a year. 相似文献
2.
Tang Lilian Li Fanglin 《地球科学》1986,(1)
本文以526个岩石样品的Hg、Zn测定及闪锌矿单矿物Hg的热释温度测定为基础,探讨了甲生盘层控硫铅锌矿床Hg的岩石地球化学异常特征,提出了以Hg×100/Zn为指标研究成矿后侵入体的热力对Hg的驱赶作用的可能性。从岩体向外250m的距离内,该比值逐渐从2升高到7。原生Hg异常的研究有利于解释该地壤中汞气异常的形成。已经证实,壤中汞气测量对寻找这类矿床是有效的。 相似文献
3.
Lilian Skjernaa 《Tectonophysics》1975,27(3):255-270
The geometry of experimentally developed superimposed buckle folds with internal tangential longitudinal strain in a single competent layer embedded in an incompetent host is analysed.It has been found that the first-generation folds are not refolded in the same way as a lineation. On the contrary, they have a great influence on the development and geometry of the second-generation folds.Outcrop patterns quite similar to those occurring in natural rock complexes were formed in the experiments in a way which is not in agreement with the explanation usually given to such patterns.When the layer developed folds only in a zone, and not throughout the layer, and the bulk of material was only able to expand upward, it was found that the layer became bent in such a way that the folds are situated on the top of a broad antiformal structure. Fold-zone intersections are situated on broad domal structures.Within the upper surface of the competent layer, the finite strain variation is complicated within the fold areas while no strain is taken up by the unfolded parts of the layer.The possibility of finding similar structures in nature is considered. 相似文献
4.
Ivane Lilian Pairaud Nathaniel Bensoussan Pierre Garreau Vincent Faure Joaquim Garrabou 《Ocean Dynamics》2014,64(1):103-115
In the framework of climate change, the increase in ocean heat wave frequency is expected to impact marine life. Large-scale positive temperature anomalies already occurred in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea in 1999, 2003 and 2006. These anomalies were associated with mass mortality events of macrobenthic species in coastal areas (0–40 m in depth). The anomalies were particularly severe in 1999 and 2003 when thousands of kilometres of coasts and about 30 species were affected. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to assess the current risk of mass mortality associated with temperature increase along NW Mediterranean continental coasts. A 3D regional ocean model was used to obtain the temperature conditions for the period 2001–2010, for which the model outputs were validated by comparing them with in situ observations in affected areas. The model was globally satisfactory, although extremes were underestimated and required correction. Combined with information on the thermo-tolerance of a key species (the red gorgonian P. clavata) as well as its spatial distribution, the modelled temperature conditions were then used to assess the risk of mass mortality associated with thermal stress for the first time. Most of the known areas of observed mass mortality were found using the model, although the degree of risk in certain areas was underestimated. Using climatic IPCC scenarios, the methodology could be applied to explore the impacts of expected climate change in the NW Mediterranean. This is a key issue for the development of sound management and conservation plans to protect Mediterranean marine biodiversity in the face of climate change. 相似文献
5.
Lilian D.V. Abreu Robert Ettinger Todd McAlary 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2009,29(1):105-117
Aerobic biodegradation can contribute significantly to the attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons vapors in the unsaturated zone; however, most regulatory guidance for assessing potential human health risks via vapor intrusion to indoor air either neglect biodegradation in developing generic screening levels or allow for only one order of magnitude additional attenuation for aerobically degradable compounds, which may be overly conservative in some cases. This paper describes results from three-dimensional numerical model simulations of vapor intrusion for petroleum hydrocarbons to assess the influence of aerobic biodegradation on the attenuation factor for a variety of source concentrations and depths for residential buildings with basements and slab-on-grade construction. The simulations conducted in this study provide a framework for understanding the degree to which bioattenuation will occur under a variety of scenarios and provide insight into site conditions that will result in significant biodegradation. This improved understanding may be used to improve the conceptual model of contaminant transport, guide field data collection and interpretation, and estimate semi-site-specific attenuation factors for combinations of source concentrations, source depth, oxygen distribution, and building characteristics where site conditions reasonably match the scenarios simulated herein. 相似文献
6.
Studies of calcareous nannofossils and microfossils and their distribution in different intervals of the flysch rhythms in the Kloko
ník brook in the Bílé Karpaty Unit of the Magura Group of nappes in the West Carpathians gave the following results. The highest species diversity of calcareous nannofossils was found in the lower parts of the Bouma Te hemipelagic intervals. The Campanian marker species Ceratolithoides aculeus and Aspidolithus parcus were found in practically all layers studied. A stratigraphically important foraminiferal fauna was obtained from the upper parts of the Bouma Te intervals, including the Campanian-Maastrichtian planktic foraminifers Globotruncana arca and Globotruncanita stuartiformis. In the non-calcareous pelagites, agglutinated species with a range from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleogene dominate. 相似文献
7.
从红树林植物桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum的叶、叶脉、树皮、茎等4个部位, 湿季共分离到297株内生真菌, 干季共分离到232株内生真菌.叶片内生真菌优势类群为青霉属和盘长孢霉, 叶脉为青霉属和枝孢霉属, 树皮内生真菌中不产孢类所占比例最高, 而茎部的优势类群为枝孢霉属和短梗孢霉, 说明内生真菌的分布具有一定的器官和组织特异性.比较各部位内生真菌湿季类群和干季类群发现其优势类群也有一定的变化: 叶片内生真菌湿季优势类群是青霉属和盘长孢属, 而干季优势类群为不产孢类群B和C;叶脉、树皮、茎的内生真菌的优势菌群在湿季和干季也有差异.这说明不同季节的环境因素(降水量、气温、湿度、光照强度等)的变化对内生真菌的类群及其分布具有较强的影响. 相似文献
8.
The bacteriological quality of bathing waters is examined for two coastlines with very different environmental characteristics, namely Whitley Bay in the north east of England and the Bay of Naples in the Mediterranean. The Whitley Bay beach is contaminated by sea outfalls, but tidal action is vigorous, the water is cool and sunlight is not very strong. The water does not meet the EEC standards for bathing water quality at the present time, but a new sewerage system soon to be completed should effect a substantial improvement.In the Bay of Naples there is very little tide, the water is warm and sunlight is usually strong in the bathing season. The water quality meets the EEC standards for most of the authorized beaches and pollution is restricted to a few well defined zones in the Bay. 相似文献
9.
Lilian Chee 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(3):350-364
At the turn of the twentieth century, when tigers were already becoming extinct in Singapore, a living specimen was discovered under the Billiard Room of the Raffles Hotel. This paper attempts to discuss the significance of the tiger in relation to an architectural space – the Billiard Room of a Southeast Asian colonial hotel – by examining how its anecdotal forms – as propaganda, fact, myth and satire – have influenced perceptions of this space across different milieu. It argues that the tiger anecdote, while ontologically remote from the physical materiality of that building, has inevitably become inseparable from its architectural epistemology. Under these terms, it is impossible to talk about the architecture of the Billiard Room without incurring discussion about the factual, fictional and propagandistic aspects of the animal anecdote. As a subtext to these narratives, the location of the hotel in a tropical clime is key. Amidst the civil calm of the genteel Billiard Room, it is the tiger, which ably performs, or re‐enacts, the risk of the tropics. Yet, what is unusual about this tiger is that a reading of its anecdotal forms ultimately transgresses the stereotypes associated with colonialism, indigenous culture, tropical living and wildlife, and subsequently, these too affect interpretations of the architectural space. Drawing on original archival and historical material, the paper contributes to a theoretical and historical understanding of why the tiger under the Billiard Room at the Raffles' continues to be a spatially compelling idea. 相似文献
10.
Ionita Ion Niacsu Lilian Petrovici Gabriel Blebea-Apostu Ana Maria 《Natural Hazards》2015,79(1):113-138
The gullied systems from the Falciu Hills within the Chioara catchment (2997 ha) consist of both main types of gullies, discontinuous and large continuous ones along valley bottoms, and lots of ephemeral gullies. Several methods have been used to measure and estimate gully characteristics. Then, the gully development stages, the effect of the natural conditions, and especially the impact of land management on gullying in the Falciu Hills over the last two centuries have been defined. In addition, the role of gully erosion in triggering landslides has also been studied. Two main periods have been distinguished (until 1960 and 1961–2012) for assessing major characteristics of land degradation. The results show that total gully area in the Chioara catchment is 66.4 ha excepting for the ephemeral gullies, and areas occupied by gullies from the five study sub-catchments (2334 ha) account for two-thirds. Total length of the main gully network in the entire catchment is 33.2 km from which the five sub-catchments account for 71 %. The mean gully density of 1.11 km km−2 supports the evidence that here gullying is the major environmental threat. Half of the gully areal growth and three-quarters of the new landslide area occurred over the 1961–2012 period. Delayed deforestation peaking during 1830–1930 and land conversion to arable use resulted in severe soil erosion, high aggradation along the non-gullied valley bottoms, and severe gullying. The average gully head retreat rate over the last two centuries from four trunk continuous gullies is 14 m year−1, and the sediment yield from gullying only accounted for 54–69 % of the sediment mass produced by water erosion. The evolution of gullies is linked to major land-use changes in the study area. Despite a decreasing tendency of gullying and catchment area over the last half century, gullying still remains problematically high in East Romania.
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