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放牛沟矿床中的矿物、岩石及矿石含汞量的差异说明汞的次生地球化学异常来自矿体,特别是PbZn矿体。壤中气汞(Hg°)、土壤吸附汞(△Hg)及全汞(THg)异常套合出现是PbZn矿体的可靠标志。全汞异常能反映浅部矿体;吸附汞和壤中气汞异常不但反映浅部矿体,还能指示盲矿体及含矿断裂。根据汞的地球化学异常特征的研究,结合地质、土壤和岩石地球化学勘查结果,提出了两处找矿有希望地段。 相似文献
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本文通过摸拟汞源在液相、固相和气相中的转化迁移实验,了解汞矿体及含汞的其它金属矿体处在潜水面下的还原环境和表生氧化环境中,汞源能否转化成气态汞而透过含水层障碍进入气相的问题,并结合几个典型矿床的壤中汞气异常形成机理、汞的存在形式、主要迁移形式和途径等一系列有关形成机理的问题进行了探讨,取得了对壤中汞气异常评价的理论依据。此外,对影响壤中汞气异常的矿床地质条件、气候变化和采样工作方法等主要因素及其解决方法均进行了初步探讨。总之,本项研究成果,对于改进和提高壤中汞气测量的找矿评价效果具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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近几年来,为解决厚层覆盖区常规化探找矿效果不佳的问题,我们试验研究了壤中汞气测量方法。虽然在各类覆盖区,壤中汞气测量取得较好的找矿效果,但因该方法干扰因素多,特别是易受气候因素的影响,结果导致分析误差大、重现性差,不同季节的测量结果难以对比评价等。通过对壤中汞气异常形成机理的研究,发现含矿断裂上的土壤比非含矿断裂上的土壤含有更多的Hg、HeCl和HgCl_2,並且土壤中这种迭加吸附相态汞异常,主要来源于隐伏矿体。这就为地球化学探矿提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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壤中汞气异常形成机理的研究一、模拟汞源的转化迁移实验关于金属矿床上壤中汞气异常的形成,气态汞是如何从汞源转化迁移而来的问题,有资料认为:“渗透着地下水的岩层和断裂对气态汞的迁移必然是一种障碍,很难解释埋藏很深且多位于潜水面下的盲矿体可以产生壤中汞气异常的事实.”我们根据斯托克关于“硫化汞在其他氯化物,如氯化钾存在时,溶解度将大大增加,其他汞化合物溶解度更大”的论点,做了汞源在液相、固相中的转化迁移实验,其显示结果,与上述看 相似文献
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通过对丁家山矿区外围土壤剖面、土壤汞气和岩石剖面的测量,结合重新编制的丁家山矿区的地质地球化学找矿模型,对丁家山矿区深部和外围进行成矿预测。结果表明,丁家山矿区外围土壤中Hg、Ag、Au等元素异常和土壤壤中汞气、热释汞异常明显。异常与下伏侵入的燕山期岩脉密切相关,花岗闪长斑岩、石英闪长玢岩侵入及其成矿（矿化）作用是元素成晕的主导机制。将丁家山矿区与城门山矿区对比,认为丁家山矿区及其外围具有较好的成矿前景,应注意在丁家山矿区外围志留系砂岩中寻找银金矿化,在其深部（-500～-1000m）寻找以钼（铜）矿化为主的矿体。 相似文献
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江西九江地区丁家山矿区深部和外围地球化学找矿
与成矿预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对丁家山矿区外围土壤剖面、土壤汞气和岩石剖面的测量,结合重新编制的丁家山矿区的地质地球化学找矿模型,对丁家山矿区深部和外围进行成矿预测。结果表明,丁家山矿区外围土壤中Hg、Ag、Au等元素异常和土壤壤中汞气、热释汞异常明显。异常与下伏侵入的燕山期岩脉密切相关,花岗闪长斑岩、石英闪长玢岩侵入及其成矿(矿化)作用是元素成晕的主导机制。将丁家山矿区与城门山矿区对比,认为丁家山矿区及其外围具有较好的成矿前景,应注意在丁家山矿区外围志留系砂岩中寻找银金矿化,在其深部(-500～-1000m)寻找以钼(铜)矿化为主的矿体。 相似文献
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本文根据红透山矿区的岩石、矿石的微量元素和某些常量元素的特征,以及矿床中硫同位素的分布,对矿床的原生异常和次生异常的特征进行了研究,并提出了普查和详查的化探方法。认为1:5万比例尺的水系沉积物测量方法可有效圈定有希望的远景区,进一步的详查可用1:1万或1:5千比例尺的土壤测量(配合自然电场法)能直接圈定矿体或矿化带。对于找盲矿体可投入原生晕方法,并与地电化学、壤中汞气测量等方法配合可获得明显效果。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献