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Abstract The Thimi Formation, constituting the upper part of the sedimentary sequence of the Kathmandu Valley, is characterized by alternation of fine- to medium-grained sand, silt, silty clay and clay deposited by a distal fluvial system in the Late Pleistocene. Palynostratigraphy based on 40 samples revealed the dominance of gymnosperm taxa over angiosperms and herbaceous members. As the different species Pinus and Quercus grow at different altitudes in Nepal today, an attempt was made to identify these taxa up to species level for climate interpretations. Gymnosperms, such as Pinus wallichiana , Pinus roxburghii, Abies spectabilis , Tsuga dumosa and Picea smithiana , were dominant over the woody angiosperms, such as Quercus lanata, Quercus lamellosa , Quercus leucotrichophora , Quercus semecarpifolia, Betula, Juglans, Myrica, Castanopsis and Symplocos . The pollen diagram of the Thimi Formation shows only minor fluctuations in assemblage. The pollen assemblages indicate the prevalence of a cool and temperate climate during the late Pleistocene. This is confirmed by the high percentages of Poaceae and other herbaceous plants, with very few woody angiosperms. 相似文献
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Holocene vegetation and climate history at Haligu on the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Yunnan, SW China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiao-Yan Song Yi-Feng Yao A. H. Wortley K. N. Paudayal Shao-Hua Yang Cheng-Sen Li S. Blackmore 《Climatic change》2012,113(3-4):841-866
This paper uses pollen analysis to investigate and document the changing climate and vegetation during the Holocene based on a 400?cm core in depth obtained at a wetland site at Haligu (3,277?m a. s. l.) on the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in Yunnan, China. By applying the Coexistence Approach to pollen data from this core, a quantitative reconstruction of climate over the last 9,300?years was made based on each pollen zone and individual core sample, which reveals the temperature and precipitation change frequently during that time. The qualitative analyses show that from 9300 to 8700?cal. yr BP, the vegetation was dominated by needle-leaved forest (mainly Pinus and Abies), indicating a slightly cool and moderately humid climate. Between 8700 and 7000?cal. yr BP, evergreen broad-leaved forest, dominated by Quercus, became the predominant vegetation type, replacing needle-leaved forest at this elevation, implying a warmer and more humid climate. During the period 7000 to 4000?cal. yr BP, the vegetation changed to mixed needle-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved forest, indicating a warm and moderately humid climate, but somewhat cooler than the preceding stage. From 4000 to 2400?cal. yr BP, the vegetation was again dominated by evergreen broad-leaved forest, but coniferous trees (mainly Pinus) began to increase, especially relative to a decline in Quercus. This implies that the climate remained warm and humid but slight drier than previously. The evergreen Quercus phase (8700–2400?yr BP) was designated as the Holocene climatic optimum in the Haligu core sediments. It is correlated with a markedly greater abundance and diversity of pteridophytes spores than was recorded before or after this period. From 2400?cal. yr BP to present, the vegetation was dominated by needle-leaved forest, of which Pinus formed the predominant component, accompanied by Abies and Tsuga. This reflects a slightly cooler, humid climate but also correlates with a period of increasing human settlement on the lower slopes of the mountain. At this elevated site, several hundred metres above the highest present day settlements, direct palynological evidence of anthropogenic activity is uncertain but we discuss ways in which the marked decline in Quercus pollen during this period may reflect the impact of ways in which natural resources of the mountain have been utilised. 相似文献
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Yi-Feng Yao Subir Bera David K. Ferguson Volker Mosbrugger Khum N. Paudayal Jian-Hua Jin Cheng-Sen Li 《Climatic change》2009,92(1-2):169-189
The Early–Middle Eocene palynoflora and paleoclimate of Changchang Basin, Hainan Island, South China, is described in the present paper and is compared with that of the Middle–Late Eocene, Hunchun City, Jilin Province, North China. The nearest living relatives (NLRs) of the recovered palynotaxa suggest a subtropical evergreen or deciduous broad-leaved forest at the center of the basin but a temperate evergreen or deciduous broad-leaved forest and needle-leaved forest growing in the peripheral part of the basin. Based on the climatic preferences of the NLRs, the climate in the Changchang Basin during the Early–Middle Eocene was warm and humid subtropical with a mean annual temperature of 14.2–19.8°C, a mean temperature of the warmest month of 22.5–29.1°C, a mean temperature of the coldest month of 1.7–11.9°C, a difference of temperature between coldest and warmest months of 12.1–24.6°C, a mean annual precipitation of 784.7–1,113.3 mm, a mean maximum monthly precipitation of 141.5–268.1 mm and a mean minimum monthly precipitation of 6.9–14.1 mm. A comparison of the palynoflora and paleoclimate between the Changchang Basin and Hunchun City, suggests essentially a similar climate in South and North China during Eocene time in contrast to the oceanic tropical climate in South China and cool dry temperate climate in North China as at present. 相似文献
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