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1.
Design of a groundwater pumping and treatment system for a wood-treatment facility adjacent to the tidally influenced Fraser
River estuary required the development of methodologies to account for cyclic variations in hydraulic gradients. Design of
such systems must consider the effects of these cyclic fluctuations on the capture of dissolved-phase contaminants. When the
period of the cyclic fluctuation is much less than the travel time of the dissolved contaminant from the source to the discharge
point, the hydraulic-gradient variations resulting from these cycles can be ignored. Capture zones are then designed based
on the average hydraulic gradient determined using filter techniques on continuous groundwater-level measurements. When the
period of cyclic fluctuation in hydraulic gradient is near to or greater than the contaminant travel time, the resulting hydraulic-gradient
variations cannot be ignored. In these instances, procedures are developed to account for these fluctuations in the capture-zone
design. These include proper characterization of the groundwater regime, assessment of the average travel time and period
of the cyclic fluctuations, and numerical techniques which allow accounting for the cyclic fluctuations in the design of the
capture zone.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
2.
Exhumation during crustal folding in the Namche-Barwa syntaxis 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Jean-Pierre Burg Philippe Davy Peter Nievergelt Felix Oberli Diane Seward Zhizhong Diao Martin Meier 《地学学报》1997,9(2):53-56
Geological observation in the eastern end of the Himalaya shows that the Asia/India Suture is folded. Metamorphic rocks derived from India occur structurally below the suture, in the core of a regional antiform. Isotopic and fission track dating establish cooling-exhumation of rocks from c.30 km depth within the last 4 Myr. We argue that exhumation is caused by ~ 10 mm yr-1 erosion coeval with crustal scale folding. 相似文献
3.
4.
Syn‐metamorphic folding in the Tauern Window,Austria dated by Th–Pb ages from individual allanite porphyroblasts 下载免费PDF全文
R. A. Cliff F. Oberli M. Meier G. T. R. Droop M. Kelly 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(4):427-435
High‐precision 232Th–208Pb dates have been obtained from allanite porphyroblasts that show unambiguous microstructural relationships to fabrics in a major syn‐metamorphic fold in the SE Tauern Window, Austria. Three porphyroblasts were analysed from a single garnet mica schist from the Peripheral Schieferhülle in the core of the Ankogel Synform, one of a series of folds which developed shortly before the thermal peak of Alpine epidote–amphibolite facies metamorphism: allanite grain 1 provided two analyses with a combined age of 27.7 ± 0.7 Ma; grain 2, which was slightly bent and fractured during crenulation, provided two analyses with a combined age of 27.7 ± 0.4 Ma; a single analysis from grain 3, which overgrew an already crenulated fabric, gave an age of 28.0 ± 1.4 Ma. The five 232Th–208Pb ages agree within error and define an isochron with an age of 27.71 ± 0.36 Ma (95% confidence level; MSWD = 0.46). The results imply that the crenulation event was in progress in a short interval (<1 Ma) c. 28 Ma, and that the Ankogel Synform was forming at this time. The thermal peak of regional metamorphism in the SE Tauern Window was probably attained shortly after 28 Ma, only c. 5 Ma after eclogite facies metamorphism in the central Tauern Window. Metasediment may contain allanite porphyroblasts with clear‐cut microstructural relationships to fabric development and metamorphic crystallization; for such rocks, 232Th–208Pb dating on microsamples offers a powerful geochronological tool. 相似文献
5.
A discontinuous finite element suspended sediment transport model for water quality assessments in river networks 下载免费PDF全文
Suspended sediment plays an important role in the distribution and transport of many pollutants (such as radionuclides) in rivers. Pollutants may adsorb on fine suspended particles (e.g. clay) and spread according to the suspended sediment movement. Hence, the simulation of the suspended sediment mechanism is indispensable for realistic transport modelling. This paper presents and tests a simple mathematical model for predicting the suspended sediment transport in river networks. The model is based on the van Rijn suspended load formula and the advection–diffusion equation with a source or sink term that represents the erosion or deposition fluxes. The transport equation is solved numerically with the discontinuous finite element method. The model evaluation was performed in two steps, first by comparing model simulations with the measured suspended sediment concentrations in the Grote Nete–Molse Nete River in Belgium, and second by a model intercomparison with the sediment transport model NST MIKE 11. The simulations reflect the measurements with a Nash‐Sutcliffe model efficiency of 0.6, while the efficiency between the proposed model and the NST MIKE 11 simulations is 0.96. Both evaluations indicate that the proposed sediment transport model, that is sufficiently simple to be practical, is providing realistic results. 相似文献
6.
7.
Anders Elverhi Willy Fjeldskaar Anders Solheim Mona Nyland-Berg Lars Russwurm 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1993,12(10)
On the basis of geomorphological and sedimentological data, we believe that the entire Barents Sea was covered by grounded ice during the last glacial maximum. 14C dates on shells embedded in tills suggest marine conditions in the Barents Sea as late as 22 ka BP; and models of the deglaciation history based on uplift data from the northern Norwegian coast suggest that significant parts of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet calved off as early as 15 ka BP. The growth of the ice sheet is related to glacioeustatic fall and the exposure of shallow banks in the central Barents Sea, where ice caps may develop and expand to finally coalesce with the expanding ice masses from Svalbard and Fennoscandia.The outlined model for growth and decay of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet suggests a system which developed and existed under periods of maximum climatic deterioration, and where its growth and decay were strongly related to the fall and rise of sea level. 相似文献
8.
U. Meier 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1990,18(1):111-114
The adsorption/desorption ratio is an important quantity of the displacement of heavy metals in the soil. Adsorption isotherms as controlled quantities are suitable for the development of a transport model. With the aid of the T value the sorption coefficients and distribution quotients can be determined for different soils. By two examples of simulation the migrations of Cd and Pb were calculated with soil samples of warp clay/gley and loam/para-brown earth. It was found, inter alia, that with increasing time of input the concentration of dissolved and adsorbed heavy metals grows and that the added heavy-metal ions are absorbed in the uppermost layers already. For cases of continuous input the simulation model is recommended for the practice to estimate the migration of heavy metals in soils. 相似文献
9.
Differential tracking of theGPS satellites in high-earth orbit provides a powerful relative positioning capability, even when a relatively small continental
U.S. fiducial tracking network is used with less than one-third of the fullGPS constellation. To demonstrate this capability, we have determined baselines of up to2000 km in North America by estimating high-accuracyGPS orbits and ground receiver positions simultaneously. The2000 km baselines agree with very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) solutions at the level of1.5 parts in10
8 and showrms daily repeatability of0.3–2 parts in10
8. The orbits determined for the most thoroughly trackedGPS satellites are accurate to better than1 m. GPS orbit accuracy was assessed from orbit predictions, comparisons with independent data sets, and the accuracy of the continental
baselines determined along with the orbits. The bestGPS orbit strategies included data arcs of at least one week, process noise models for tropospheric fluctuations, estimation
ofGPS solar pressure coefficients, and combined processing ofGPS carrier phase and pseudorange data. For data arcs of two weeks, constrained process noise models forGPS dynamic parameters significantly improved the solutions. 相似文献
10.
H.-K. Meier 《The Photogrammetric Record》1984,11(64):371-382
The author reviews the historical background of the analytical orthoprojector and examines the design requirements for this instrument. The construction and performance of the Zeiss (Oberkochen)Z2 orthoprojector are described and an assessment is made of its practical advantages. 相似文献