Jurassic Hornblende Gabbros in Dongga, Eastern Gangdese, Tibet: Partial Melting of Mantle Wedge and Implications for Crustal Growth     

XU Bo  HOU Zengqian  ZHENG Yuanchuan  ZHOU Ye  ZHOU Limin  YANG Yu  HAN Yanwei  ZHEN Guo  WU Changda 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(2):545-564

The Gangdese batholith, more than 2500 km in length, is composed mainly of JurassicMiocene igneous rocks. This batholith is one of the most important constituents of the Tibetan orogenesis and provides an ideal place for study of Neo-Tethyan ocean geodynamic evolution and plateau uplift. Recent studies on the Gangdese Jurassic felsic magmatism highlight its juvenile source. However, important aspects concerning the genesis of the juvenile magmatism and related deep geodynamic evolution are still unclear. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic, and in situ Sr-Hf isotopic data for a recently identified hornblende gabbro in the Dongga area, southern Lhasa sub-block. This hornblende gabbro is dominated by hornblende and plagioclase, dated at Early Jurassic(ca. 180–190 Ma), and characterized by a narrow compositional range in SiO_2(49.38wt%–52.27wt%), MgO(4.08wt%–7.00wt%), FeO(10.43wt%–11.77wt%), Na_2O(2.58wt%–3.51wt%), and K_2O(0.48wt%–1.53wt%). It has depleted isotopic signatures, with whole-rock(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7033–0.7043, ε_(Nd)(t) values of +4.90 to +6.99, in situ plagioclase(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7034–0.7042, and zircon ε_(Hf)(t) of +12.2 to +16.8. Our results integrated with published data suggest a model of Gangdese juvenile crustal growth by a subduction-related water-enriched mantle wedge. The hydrous partial melting of the lithosphere mantle was triggered by the dehydration of a Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. This mafic magmatism emplaced in the middle-lower crust of intraoceanic arcs or active continental margins, leading to Jurassic juvenile crustal growth in southern Tibet.  相似文献   

Contribution of mantle components within juvenile lower-crust to collisional zone porphyry Cu systems in Tibet   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

Zengqian Hou  Yuanchuan Zheng  Zhiming Yang  Zongyao Rui  Zhidan Zhao  Sihong Jiang  Xiaoming Qu  Qinzhong Sun 《Mineralium Deposita》2013,48(2):173-192

Most porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposits are found in magmatic arcs worldwide, and are associated with hydrous, high-fO₂, calc-alkaline magmas, derived from a mantle wedge that was metasomatized by the fluids from a subducted oceanic slab. Recently, such deposits have been documented as occurring widely in collisional settings, where they are associated with potassic magmas generated during the collisional process, but the genesis of the fertile magmas and the mechanism of metallic enrichment remain controversial. Here we present new geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data from the post-collisional fertile and barren porphyries of the Miocene Gangdese porphyry belt in the Tibetan orogen, an orogen formed by the collision of India and Asia in the early Cenozoic. Both types of porphyry are characterized by high K₂O contents, and have geochemical affinities with adakite, but the fertile magmas were most likely derived from the melting of a thickened juvenile mafic lower-crust, formed by the underplating of earlier asthenospheric melts at the base of crust, whereas the derivation of the barren magmas involved variable amounts of old lower-crust in Tibet. The melting of sulfide-bearing phases in the juvenile mantle components of the Tibetan lower-crust probably provided Cu, Au, and S to the fertile magmas. The breakdown of amphibole during melting at the source released the fluids necessary for the formation of the porphyry Cu deposits in Tibet. The thickened crust (up to 70–80 km), due to collision, is thought to be responsible for a decrease in the fO₂ of the fertile magmas during their ascent to the upper crust, thus preventing the generation of more porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits in this collisional zone.  相似文献   

An Ecological Compensation Mechanism based on the Green Productive Area of Cities     

YANG Yuanchuan  ZHANG Yukun  ZHENG Jie  HUANG Si  ZHAO Man  HONG Long 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):382-393

China's urban expansion, food security, and energy transition are in a critical situation. One solution is to tap into the green production potential of the built urban environment and explore new ways to save land space and alleviate ecological pressure through food and solar energy production. This paper differs from previous ecological compensation studies, which mostly focus on key ecological functional areas or fiscal compensation mechanisms, in that it innovatively establishes an ecological compensation mechanism within the urban space. In this paper, we propose the "green productive area" of cities as a way to measure the ecological carrying capacity improvement potential of cities from the perspective of urban ecology, and it is based on converting the green resource income of cities into the ecological footprint area they could save under the same conditions. First, a typological approach was used to establish a compensation strategy for green production. Second, a spatial inventory was taken of all elements of the built environment and an analysis of their green production potential was carried out. Finally, it was necessary to establish a unified accounting standard for the ecological land saving benefits of different green production options, which could be converted into green productive land area indicators. In the case of Xuefu Street in Nankai District, Tianjin, the available rooftops and idle land were used for green production, which supplemented the ecological carrying capacity provided by the natural land occupied by 12% of the buildings in the district.  相似文献   

Hydrous Juvenile Lower Crust at the Western Yangtze Craton Margin as the Main Source of the Beiya Porphyry-skarn Au Deposit     

WANG Zixuan  ZHENG Yuanchuan  XU Bo  HOU Zengqian  ZHANG Aiping  SHEN Yang  MA Rui  WU Changd  XU Peiyan 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(3):972-992

The Beiya porphyry-skarn Au deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China, temporally and spatially associated with Eocene intrusions in a post-collisional setting in western Yunnan, China. In this study, we report new whole-rock geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope, zircon U-Pb geochronology and in situ zircon Hf-O isotopes of quartz-monzonite and biotite-monzonite porphyries from the Beiya deposit. The porphyry-skarn mineralization at the Beiya deposit is mainly associated with the quartz monzonite porphyry (35.8 ± 0.6 Ma), while the biotite-monzonite porphyry (34.3 ± 0.5 Ma) represents a post-mineralization intrusion crosscutting the main orebodies and the quartz-monzonite porphyry. Both intrusions have high-K and adakitic composition and are characterized by high Sr/Y ratios, high SiO2 and Al2O3 concentrations (SiO2 = 69.80–73.86 wt%; Al2O3 = 14.11–15.19 wt%), and low MgO, Cr, and Ni concentrations (MgO = 0.2–1.0 wt%; Cr = 1.76–11.13 ppm; Ni = 2.52–11.72 ppm). Their Sr-Nd isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7066–0.7077; εNd(t) = ?5.3 to ?1.5) are consistent with the lower crustal-derived amphibolite xenoliths (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7060–0.7100; εNd(t) = ?10.0 to 0.0), indicating that they might be derived from a thickened juvenile lower crust beneath the Yangtze Craton. The biotite-monzonite porphyry has lower zircon δ18O values of +5.3‰ to +6.8‰ and higher εHf(t) values of ?2.3 to +5.5 than those of the quartz-monzonite porphyry with δ18O values of +7.1‰ to +8.2‰ and εHf(t) values of ?3.8 to +1.5, implying that they were derived from different parts of the lower crust. High Ba/La and Pb/Ce ratios suggest that the quartz-monzonite porphyry is derived from a volatiles-rich reservoir. Relatively higher La/Yb, Sm/Yb and Dy/Yb ratios of the biotite-monzonite porphyry indicate residual garnet in the source, indicating a deeper source than that of the quartz-monzonite porphyry. The hydrous components should be represented by the amphibole-rich lithologies, which has relatively shallower depth than that of the garnet-bearing mafic thickened lower crust. Our data suggest that the mineralized quartz-monzonite porphyry at the Beiya deposit is derived from partial melting of amphibole-rich lithologies in the upper part of the thickened juvenile lower crust beneath the Yangtze Craton, while the post-mineralization biotite-monzonite porphyry is derived from the basal, and volatiles-poor, part of the juvenile lower crust.  相似文献   

The Zhaxikang Vein‐type Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Sb Deposit in Himalayan Orogen,Tibet: Product by Overprinting and Remobilization Processes during Post‐collisional Period     

LIANG Wei  HOU Zengqian  ZHENG Yuanchuan  YANG Zhusen  LI Zhenqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):682-705

The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb deposit, the largest polymetallic deposit known in the Himalayan Orogen of southern Tibet, is characterized by vein-type mineralization that hosts multiple mineral assemblages and complicated metal associations. The deposit consists of at least six steeply dipping veintype orebodies that are hosted by Early Jurassic black carbonaceous slates and are controlled by a Cenozoic N–S-striking normal fault system. This deposit records multiple stages of mineralization that include an early period(A) of massive coarse-grained galena–sphalerite deposition and a later period(B) of Sb-bearing vein-type mineralization. Period A is only associated with galena–sphalerite mineralization, whereas period B can be subdivided into ferrous rhodochrosite–sphalerite–pyrite, quartz–sulfosalt–sphalerite, calcite–pyrite, quartz–stibnite, and quartz-only stages of mineralization. The formation of brecciated galena and sphalerite ores during period A implies reworking of pre-existing Pb–Zn sulfides by Cenozoic tectonic deformation, whereas period B mineralization records extensive openspace filling during ore formation. Fluid inclusion microthermometric data indicate that both periods A and B were associated with low–medium temperature(187–267°C) and low salinity(4.00–10.18% wt. Na Cl equivalent) ore-forming fluids, although variations in the physical–chemical nature of the period B fluids suggest that this phase of mineralization was characterized by variable water/rock ratios. Microprobe analyses indicate that Fe concentrations in sphalerite decrease from period A to period B, and can be divided into three groups with Fe S concentrations of 8.999–9.577, 7.125–9.109, 5.438–1.460 mol.%. The concentrations of Zn, Sb, Pb, and Ag within orebodies in the study area are normally distributed in both lateral and vertical directions, and Pb, Sb, and/or Ag concentrations are positive correlation within the central part of these orebodies, but negatively correlate in the margins. Sulfide S isotope compositions are highly variable(4‰–13‰), varying from 4‰ to 11‰ in period A and 10‰ to 13‰ in period B. The Pb isotope within these samples is highly radiogenic and defines linear trends in 206 Pb/204 Pb vs. 207 Pb/204 Pb and 206 Pb/204 Pb vs. 208 Pb/204 Pb diagrams, respectively. The S and Pb isotopic characteristics indicate that the period B orebodies formed by mixing of Pb–Zn sulfides and regional Sbbearing fluids. These features are indicative of overprinting and remobilization of pre-existing Pb–Zn sulfides by Sb-bearing ore-forming fluids during a post-collisional period of the Himalayan Orogeny. The presence of similar ore types in the north Rhenish Massif that formed after the Variscan Orogeny suggests that Zhaxikang-style mineralization may be present in other orogenic belts, suggesting that this deposit may guide Pb–Zn exploration in these areas.  相似文献   

西藏甲岗雪山钨钼矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源          下载免费PDF全文

徐培言  郑远川  杨竹森  沈阳  王梓轩  马睿  吴昌炟 《地球科学》2019,44(6):1974-1986

甲岗雪山钨钼矿床位于西藏自治区申扎县境内,是西藏首例云英岩型钨矿床,关于该矿床的研究对探讨区域成矿机制和指导找矿都具有重要意义.成矿作用与矿区内的二长花岗岩紧密相关,矿体主要产于岩体内部和紧邻岩体的围岩中.矿体的类型包括云英岩型和石英脉型,矿石多呈细脉状或者浸染状产在云英岩或云英岩化二长花岗岩体内部,少量呈大脉状产于围岩地层中.为了研究该矿床成矿流体及成矿物质的来源,挑选云英岩型矿体和石英脉型矿体中的黑钨矿、石英进行H、O同位素测试,挑选金属硫化物进行S、Pb同位素测试.结果显示,黑钨矿δ18OV-SMOW(‰)值集中在3.7~4.7;石英的δ18O水值为2.0‰~4.3‰,δD值为-131‰^-84‰,表明成矿流体主要来源于脱气后的岩浆水,可能混入了极少量大气降水.矿石硫化物δ34S的值为+2.2‰^+5.3‰,表明硫来自岩浆;硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb值分别为18.582 2~18.797 1、15.671 7~15.760 6、39.462 5~39.501 2,进一步表明成矿物质铅主要来源于中拉萨地体前寒武纪变质基底部分熔融产生的岩浆,可能有少量来自围岩地层.  相似文献   

中国北方造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床及其地球动力学背景——以吉林红旗岭矿床为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郗爱华  顾连兴  李绪俊  郑远川 《地质学报》2006,80(11):1721-1729

中国北方兴蒙造山带东段吉林省中南部产有一系列铜镍硫化物矿床,红旗岭矿床代表的是早三叠纪同造山期与超镁铁质-镁铁质岩浆作用相关的矿床类型.含矿母岩主要是由辉长岩-二辉岩-橄榄辉石岩-辉石橄榄岩等构成的杂岩体和顽火辉石岩超基性岩脉,构成星点状—稀疏浸染状、稠密浸染状、斑杂状、致密块状四种矿石类型.硅酸盐岩石的矿物组合为橄榄石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石,为钙碱性系列岩石组合类型.岩石化学显示其微量元素富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba,亏损高场强元素Ti、Nb,相似于俯冲带拉斑玄武岩,可能为幔源岩浆混染地壳物质的结果.同位素年代学证实岩体就位时间约为250Ma左右的早三叠纪,与区域变质和中国北方大面积的同造山花岗岩年龄相似.暗示了含矿岩体的形成和华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山作用有关,是造山挤压过渡期伸展体制下岩浆作用的产物.  相似文献   

Porphyry Cu deposits linked to episodic growth of an underlying parental magma chamber     

Zheng  Yuanchuan  Wang  Lu  Xue  Chuandong  Xu  Bo  Ghaffar  Abdul  Yang  Zhusen  Lu  Yongjun  Zhou  Limin  Griffin  William L.  Hou  Zengqian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(11):1807-1816

Saindak is one of the typical porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) in the Chagai magmatic arc in Pakistan. Ore-forming porphyries at Saindak PCD are mainly composed of tonalite. Here, we use geochemistry of apatite enclosed in plagioclase phenocrysts from the ore-forming tonalite to constrain the releasing and recharging processes of S and Cl in the underlying parental magma chamber during PCD mineralization. Although apatite inclusions have homogeneous intra-grain S and Cl compositions, there is significant inter-grain S and Cl variations in apatite inclusions located from core to rim in the hosting plagioclase. Such inter-grain S and Cl variation in apatites are coupled with the core-to-rim trends of An, FeO and Mg contents of the hosting plagioclase phenocryst. It indicates that the Saindak PCD likely formed by episodic injection of primitive magmas during the growth of an underlying magma chamber, rather than by one major injection or by addition of mafic melt derived from different source region. Each primitive melt injection introduced essential ore-forming materials such as S and Cl, which were rapidly and effectively released to the coexisting fluids, causing mineralization. Once primitive melt injection stops, signaling the end of growth of underlying magma chamber, mineralization will cease quickly although the hydrothermal system can still survive for a long time. However, the later released fluids are relatively depleted in ore-forming materials, and thus have lower capability to generate mineralization. Accordingly, predominant porphyry-type mineralizations occurred during the growth rather than waning stage of a magmatic system.

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天然矿石中硫化物的同构造再活化实验研究     

郑远川  顾连兴  汤晓茜  王子江  吴昌志  吴学益  张文兰 《地质学报》2009,83(1):31-42

辽宁红透山块状硫化物矿石主要矿物成分为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、石英、角闪石和黑云母等。将矿石切成圆柱体,用20% NaCl溶液浸泡260 h后装入长江500型活塞圆筒式三轴应力试验机,分别在362℃、464℃、556℃和682℃,以及不同的围压和轴压下进行实验,13 h后于空气中自然冷却。实验产物中各种矿物发生了强烈的机械变形,黄铁矿和角闪石以脆性破裂为特征,而磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、石英和黑云母以塑性变形为主,局部也发生脆性破裂。 实验过程中硫化物发生了强烈的化学再活化,其产物主要有细脉和微晶两种。再活化细脉主要穿插黄铁矿碎斑,而在黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿和脉石矿物中未曾见到。细脉成分主要为黄铜矿,其次为磁黄铁矿,仅含少量闪锌矿。脉中磁黄铁矿颗粒较大,在超过200 μm的长度内光性连续,表明这些脉形成于冷却前的较高温度环境。随实验温度的升高,再活化细脉的数量也随之增加,而且脉中黄铜矿对于磁黄铁矿的比例也加大。再活化微晶可进一步分为两种：一种为分布于同种硫化物碎粒之间或增生于碎粒之上的黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿微晶;另一种为沿黄铜矿裂隙分布的完全由黄铁矿构成的蠕虫状体。以这两种方式产出的微晶均为实验样品冷却过程中的产物。在556℃和682℃的产物中还出现黄铜矿对黄铁矿的交代反应现象。 本文的实验结果表明,块状硫化物矿石中的硫化物在变形变质过程中可同时以机械的和化学的两种方式发生再活化,并且再活化强度随温度的升高而升高。但是,机械再活化的距离和所造成的各种矿物间的分异都十分有限,只有化学再活化才是造成组分长距离迁移,形成新矿体的重要机制。脆性变形区的张性空间有利于再活化流体的运移和卸载,而韧性变形区则不利。铁硫化物在高温下的再活化产物主要是磁黄铁矿,而低温下则主要为黄铁矿。黄铜矿的再活化能力明显地强于闪锌矿。同生沉积矿床在变形变质过程中的再活化,会在矿床中产生许多后生特征,这一点在研究矿床成因时必须充分注意。  相似文献   

Genesis of the Gold Deposit in the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone, Southern Tibet: Evidence from Geological and Geochemical Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Xiong  DENG Xueguo  YANG Zhusen  HOU Zengqian  ZHENG Yuanchuan  LIU Yingchao  ZHAO Xiaoyan  XU Bo  PEI Yingru  ZHOU Jinsheng  ZHAO Miao  YUAN Jianfei 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(3):947-970

The Nianzha gold deposit,located in the central section of the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture(IYS) zone in southern Tibet,is a large gold deposit(Au reserves of 25 tons with average grade of 3.08 g/t) controlled by a E-W striking fault that developed during the main stage of Indo-Asian collision(~65-41 Ma).The main orebody is 1760 m long and 5.15 m thick,and occurs in a fracture zone bordered by Cretaceous diorite in the hanging wall to the north and the Renbu tectonic melange in the footwall to the south.High-grade mineralization occurs in a fracture zone between diorite and ultramafic rock in the Renbu tectonic melange.The wall-rock alteration is characterized by silicification in the fracture zone,serpentinization and the formation of talc and magnesite in the ultramafic unit,and chloritization and the formation of epidote and calcite in diorite.Quartz veins associated with Au mineralization can be divided into three stages.Fluid inclusion data indicate that the deposit formed from H_2O-NaCl-organic gas fluids that homogenize at temperatures of 203℃-347℃ and have salinities of 0.35wt%-17.17wt%NaCl equivalent.The quartz veins yield δ~(18)O_(fluid) values of 0.15‰-10.45‰,low δD_(V-SMOW)values(-173‰ to-96‰),and the δ~(13)C values of-17.6‰ to-4.7‰,indicating the ore-forming fluids were a mix of metamorphic and sedimentary orogenic fluids with the addition of some meteoric and mantle-derived fluids.The pyrite within the diorite has δ~(34)S_(V-CDT) values of-2.9‰-1.9‰(average-1.1‰),~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb values of 18.47-18.64,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb values of 15.64-15.74,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb values of 38.71-39.27,all of which are indicative of the derivation of S and other ore-forming elements from deep in the mantle.The presence of the Nianzha,Bangbu,and Mayum gold deposits within the IYS zone indicates that this area is highly prospective for large orogenic gold deposits.We identified three types of mineralization within the IYS,namely Bangbu-type accretionary,Mayum-type microcontinent,and Nianzha-type ophiolite-associated orogenic Au deposits.The three types formed at different depths in an accretionary orogenic tectonic setting.The Bangbu type was formed at the deepest level and the Nianzha type at the shallowest.  相似文献